Izimpahla zentela ezihlehlisiwe

Kwesinye isikhathi, kubonakala kubalulekile ukufunda ngezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ezinjalo ezisithintayo emphakathini, futhi yize kuncane okuhloliwe kufanele siyiqonde imiqondo eholela udaba lomphakathi. Kungahle kungabi isihloko esikhanyayo ngokwanele, kepha uma kutholakala kufayela le- amafa entela ahlehlisiwe ushintsho oluzumayo lungabeka engozini ukuzinza kwezezimali, isimo esivusa intshisekelo yangempela yokusazisa ngakho.

Ikhomishini yaseYurophu isizoqala uphenyo amafa entela ahlehlisiwe, eyaziwa ngesifinyezo sayo esiNgisini i-DTA, yamabhange ase-Italy, eSpain, ePortugal naseGrisi.

Yini amafa entela ahlehlisiwe?

Izimpahla yilezo ezenzeka lapho ukulahlekelwa kuqoshwa kungakapheli isikhathi okungasuswa kamuva, ngesikhathi izinzuzo zenziwa, okuyizinto isikweletu sezimali. Izinguquko zivele ngenxa yokuthi kunomthethonqubo we-solvency owangena ngo-2014 lapho kudingeka khona ukuthi ama-DTA ebhange adonswe kuzinsizakusebenza zawo, lokhu akusavumeli ukuthi inani lawo liqhubeke uma ibhizinisi lidlula ubunzima bezezimali.

Njengasesimweni seSpain, ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2013, phakathi nenyanga kaNovemba, kwagunyazwa ukuthi ingxenye yalezi zimpahla ingagcina inani lazo isikhathi eside. Umqondo oyinhloko wawungekho kangako ukuthi a inzuzo yokufakelwa emkhakheni wezomnotho kodwa ukwazi ukuyihlomisa ngempatho yentela lapho amabhange nezinye izinkampani bezijabulela kwamanye amazwe ezwekazi lase-Europe. Imithetho yentela yaseSpain inzima kakhulu kunaleyo yamanye amazwe aseYurophu ekucatshangweni ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa la makhredithi, kufanele kuphawulwe futhi ukuthi, ngokungafani nakwamanye amazwe, akuvunyelwe ukubuyisa intela ekhokhwa eminyakeni engenhla esimweni lapho ukulahleka kumenyezelwa enkampanini.

Kunzima ukuqonda izinhloso eziyiqiniso noma siyini isisusa sokwenza uphenyo olungaba khona, ngakho-ke abakhulumeli bavumile ukuthi okwamanje kumane kuyindaba izincwadi zokuphatha maqondana neziphathimandla zamazwe abandakanyekayo, futhi nokwazi ukuthi le mibuzo yenziwa kuma-MEPs athile.

Impikiswano ivame ukuba yisimo esimangazayo uma ibukwa ngokwendlela ehlelekile noma ngokuvumelana. Kepha kungani kwakha ukungaqiniseki okungaka mayelana nodaba oluye lwahlolwa futhi lwavunywa kakhulu yi Ikhomishini yaseYurophuezwenikazi laseYurophu. Kuye kwaphakanyiswa ngisho nasemibikweni ebalulekile ukuthi zombili izikhungo zithathe izinyathelo zomthetho ezibalwe ngenhla maqondana nempahla yentela emisiwe ukuxhasa ukuxazululwa komnotho emkhakheni. Kubuye kwenziwa ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlaziywa okuphelele mayelana nekhwalithi yezimpahla ezisohlangothini lwe-ECB.

Yini ama-DTA?

Izinhlangano zezezimali Banezindleko ezinganciphisa izinzuzo zabo kepha ukuthi, ngenxa yomthetho, kuze kube namuhla, abakwazanga ukukhipha intela yomphakathi, okusho ukuthi bakhokha intela eningi kunaleyo okufanele bakhokhelwe yona. Ngalesi sizathu nangemva kokwenza ukuqhathanisa namanye amazwe omthetho waseYurophu kokuvunyelwe ukukhokhela.

Ngakho-ke, umnotho nomgcinimafa balibonile ilungelo lokubeka lezi zindleko ukuze zisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo ngenhloso yokwehlisa intela abazokhokha ngayo imihlomulo ezodalwa eminyakeni elandelayo. Ngaleso sizathu kwaziwa njengokuhlehliswa.

Zivela ngaphi lezi zindleko ezingadonswa?

Kukhona imithombo emithathu okuvela kuzo lezi zindleko. Owokuqala uvela ku- izinhlinzeko amabhange anazo Yini okufanele uyenze ukuze ukwazi ukumboza ubungozi bokulahlekelwa yimpahla yakho ngokuzayo, ikakhulukazi uma isikweletu esithuthukisa izakhiwo sithathwe emithethweni yaseGuindos yango-2012. Ukunikezwa kwemali eyinhloko kususiwe emhlomulweni, kodwa njengoba kungenjalo ukulahleka kwangempela, imali iyaqhubeka nokugcinwa ebhizinisini futhi isisekelo somnotho lapho intela yeNkampani ibalwa khona asincishiswa, ngakho-ke kukhiqizwa impahla yentela ehlehlisiwe.

Umthombo wesibili yilowo oqukethe i- iminikelo eyenziwa ngamabhange ezinhlelweni zempesheni zokukhokhela abasebenzi babo, okuyimali ebanjwa njengezindleko futhi eyehlisa inzuzo, kepha ukulondolozwa ngendlela efanayo nayo ayidonswa.

Futhi ekugcineni, umthombo wesithathu uku- ukulahlekelwa okuvela eminyakeni edlule ukuthi, ngokomthetho wamanje wentela yenkampani, lapho inkampani ikhombisa ukulahleka, ingayisebenzisa ukunciphisa intela ezokhokha ngokuzayo, lapho ibhekwa njengenzuzo futhi.

Amabhizinisi aseSpain akhononde ngokungabi nomthetho ofanele ku izikweletu zentela. Njengoba sishilo ezigabeni ezedlule, izinqumo zamaGuindos yilezo eziphoqa zonke izinhlangano zezomnotho eSpain ukuthi zibe nokuhlinzekwa kwezimpahla ezazithathwa njengezinenkinga ngonyaka ka-2012. Imali eyinhloko ebaluleke kakhulu edale ukulahleka okujwayelekile emkhakheni, ikusasa liyimali enkulu eyayenzelwe izinhlelo zempesheni, okuyinkinga futhi, ikakhulukazi emabhange aseSpain.

Lokhu kwehlela ekutheni lo mkhakha unengqikithi yama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-50. uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ukususa ukulingana kuleso sibalo kusho ukuthi amabhizinisi aseSpain adinga ukwanda kwemali ngokujwayelekile.

Ngalesi sizathu, imithethonqubo yaseYurophu iBasel III, Banikezwe isikhathi seminyaka eyi-10 ukuthi basuse kancane kancane, futhi ngalokhu umthelela nawo wehle kakhulu, kepha izimakethe zona zizofuna ukuthi izinhlangano ziphoqelele izidingo ezahlukahlukene zokuxazululwa kwemali ngazo zonke izinciphiso zazo ngokungathi leyo minyaka eyi-10 bese idlulile , labo abangawenzi bazophinde bajeziswe.

Uhulumeni ugunyaze a isimemezelo somthetho wasebukhosini lapho kubekwe khona ukuthi ibhange lingaqhubeka nokubala njenge ngofeleba we-DTA. Ngale ndlela, kusukela kulowo mzuzu izikweletu zentela zingatholwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi futhi ngeke kube khona umkhawulo wesikhathi wokuthi zaziwe kanjalo, kangangokuthi izinzuzo azikwazi ukubonwa njengoba ukuqothuka kubonwa ngendlela efanayo.

Ngaleso sikhathi lapho ibhizinisi lilahlekelwa khona, ngokuzayo, umbuso yiwo ozodingeka ungene esikhundleni saso ngokubeka ingxenye yemali esele ezonxeshezelwa ukuze ikwazi ukuyimunca futhi uma kwenzeka iqothuka, nikela ngakho konke ukuxazulula isimo.

Amazwe aseYurophu babe nemithetho ehlukene yentela ezindaweni ezingalimaza ngandlela thile inani lamafa entela ahlehlisiwe, ngokwesibonelo, kunamazwe avumile ukuthi izisekelo zentela ezingekho emthethweni zisuswa ngezisekelo zentela ezinhle ezivela eminyakeni edlule, ngenxa yalesi sizathu azange zenziwe izikweletu zentela ezizotholwa ngokuzayo.

Kukhona futhi amazwe angaba nesandla esivulekile kuneSpain ngokwezimali zawo zezimali kanye nezinhlinzeko zokulahlekelwa kwemali mboleko.

Ngokuvamile, amabhange awavumelani nenkambiso entsha, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amabhizinisi akhiqizwe kazwelonke awenelisanga inkambiso entsha kumakhredithi entela, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kucatshangwa ukuthi kungabalimaza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi embhalweni ogunyazwe nguhulumeni uqobo, yize bekungukuxoxisana nomkhakha amasonto, imininingwane ibingakanakwa, okuwukuthi ukudluliswa kwempahla akwenzelwanga ngokuphindelela.

Yingakho lezi zinhlangano ezintathu zingakakhi i amafa entela ahlehlisiwe ngokudluliselwa kwezimpahla zayo ezinobuthi kuSareb. Incazelo enikeziwe ukuthi bekufanele benze amalungiselelo okukhokhela ukulahlekelwa kwabo ngenxa yalezi zimpahla zesikweletu, umhlaba kanye nezakhiwo futhi benza okufanayo ngo-2012, lapho ukudluliswa kungokwempahla ezimbili, yingakho bengazange bahlehlise impahla yentela zenziwe.

Ngabe kuzoba nomthelela kuma-akhawunti womphakathi?

Uma kuzoba noshintsho ku ama-akhawunti womphakathi, kepha lokhu kuzoba kwesikhashana futhi kuncane kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akukho ezimeni lapho izimali zomphakathi ziqala ukulahlekelwa yizinhlangano ngaleso sikhathi umthetho owathi uqala ukusebenza, njengoba sichazile ngenhla, ngakho-ke, kuyaqondakala ukucabanga ukuthi umthelela wemali engenayo yentela uzoba ngokoqobo, kepha ngendlela encishisiwe, ngakho-ke umthelela uzoba mncane kakhulu kunalokho abaningi abangakulindela. Kubalulekile ukuthi ulwazi olukulesi sihloko luhlale lugcinwa luketshezi ukuze wazi ngesimo sezimali sezwe.