Ungayithuthukisa kanjani inzuzo yamadiphozithi?

Isikhathi semali sesisungulwe cishe iminyaka eminingi njengomkhiqizo wokonga ngokugqamile, ihlose ikakhulukazi iphrofayili yekhasimende echazwe kahle kakhulu: umsebenzisi ozivikelayo, onamandla amakhulu okuthenga futhi unikeza ukubaluleka okukhulu kwezokuphepha kulimaza ubungozi obuhambisana neminye imikhiqizo yasebhange yezimali (imakethe yamasheya, izimali zokutshala imali, okuphuma kokunye, njll.).

Kodwa-ke, le ndawo yabasindisa imali iya ngokuya ilahlekelwa yindima yayo njengomkhiqizo webhange owuthandayo wokubamba imali iminyaka eminingana. Isinqumo sebhange elikhipha iYurophu lokwehlisa intengo yemali kuholele ekutheni isivuno kumadiphozithi sibe ngaphansi kwezinga labo lomlando. 

Bakunikeza amazinga wenzalo angavamile ukweqa isithiyo esingu-0,75%, ngokungafani nalokho okwenzeka eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Lapho bekungenzeka ngokuphelele ukuthi uzofinyelela ku-5%, futhi amazinga aphezulu kakhulu kuziphakamiso ezinolaka ezakhiwe ngamabhange. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokunikezwa okubanzi okuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zale mikhiqizo.

Njengomphumela walesi simo esisha somnotho, amadiphozithi ayekile ukuba nentshisekelo kumakhasimende, futhi akumangazi ukuthi aqondisa imali ayilondolozayo kweminye imiklamo ekhangayo futhi ekhiqizayo, okwamanje enikeza inzuzo enkulu. Akuyona ingozi, ngoba ukuze sandiswe lezi zimaki kudingeka ukuzixhumanisa nezinye izimpahla zezezimali. Futhi hhayi ngokunembile ngamasheya, kepha kusuka kwezinye izimakethe ezivelayo: izinto zokusetshenziswa, izinsimbi eziqondile, njll..

Lokhu kuqinisekiswa embikweni wonyaka wezi-2014 olungiselelwe yi-Association of Collective Investment Institutions (Inverco), ogqamisa ushintsho lwemikhuba phakathi kwabalondolozi baseSpain. Akumangalisi ukuthi kulesi sikhathi isisindo samadiphozithi esikhwameni sefa semindeni yaseSpain sehle sisuka ku-42,3% saya ku-39.8%.

Ngenkathi lokhu kuvuza kwemali kukhonafuthi iqondiswe kwizimali zokutshala imali amathuluzi okutshala imali ngokuhlanganyela nezikhwama zempesheni. Njengecebo lokwenza ngcono ama-akhawunti akho ngemikhiqizo yezimali encibilikisa kakhulu.

Amasu okwandisa ukubuyisa kwakho

Naphezu kwakho konke, ngeke kwenzeke ngokuphelele kuwe ukuthola imposition ngaphansi kwezimo ezingcono zenkontileka. Akungabazeki ukuthi kuzoba nzima ngokwengeziwe, kepha ukuguquguquka kwemakethe kukhiqiza amamodeli amasha, amanye awo anokuqamba okuhle, okuhlangabezana nokulindelwe kwakho njengomlondolozi. Impela kuya ngephrofayili yakho njengeklayenti, kodwa noma kunjalo kuzoba yindawo okuthengiswayo onayo ukuze imali yakho ingahlali izinzuzo ezibi ezinikezwa amadiphozithi wendabuko amaningi.

Zizohluka ngandlela thile ezakhiweni zazo, kusukela Njengamanje kuzofanele ubeke engcupheni izikhundla zakho kancane, kepha ekugcineni uzofinyelela umgomo wakho owufisa kakhulu. Hhayi ngamaphesenti amangazayo, kepha okungenani ukuze kuthi ekupheleni konyaka i-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola isheshe ibe namandla. Bazokuvumela ukuthi ukhokhele i-whim encane, uthenge imodeli yakamuva ye-TV, noma uhlele nohambo nomndeni wakho wonke.

Ukwenza umsebenzi wakho ube lula, amabhange athuthukisa amasu ahlukene ebhizinisi ukuze ukonga kwakho kudluliselwe kwezinye izinhlobo. Kwezinye izimo, ukuqasha imikhiqizo eminingi ngebhange lakho elijwayelekile, kanti kwezinye kunweba imigomo yaphakade. Noma yiluphi ushintsho lungasho ukwenziwa ngcono kwezingxenye ezimbalwa kwezishumi zamaphesenti kunamadiphozi avamile. Futhi ukuthi kumiklamo enolaka kakhulu umehluko unganwetshwa ufike kumaphuzu owodwa noma amabili wokukhula okuphakathi.

Ukhiye wokuqala: ukudonswa kwemali ngqo kumholo

Kungokuhlangenwe nakho okuphumelela kakhulu ukufeza izinhloso zakho ngokushesha. Ukuphela kwesidingo amabhange azokubeka kuwe ukuthi uxhumanise umholo wakho ojwayelekile nebhizinisi. Ngokuthola kwakho ungavumela ukufaka imali ngenzuzo efinyelela ku-5%, njengoba kunesiphakamiso sokuthi i-Bankinter ibisathuthukisa amaklayenti amasha.

Kodwa-ke, akuyona yonke into ezokuzuzisa kakhulu, akunjalo. Ukuze uqalise, lokhu kunikezwa kuvumeleke kuphela emigomeni emifushane kakhulu yokuhlala, okungavamisile ukwedlula izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngokunjalo, iziqeshana zemali ezingazuza kule mikhiqizo azifinyeleli kuyo yonke imali oyilondolozile, kepha ngokuphambene nalokho, zifinyelela kuma-euro angama-5.000 noma ama-10.000. Futhi kuzo zonke izimo, kuhloselwe amakhasimende amasha, futhi kukhawulelwe nangesikhathi sephromoshini.

Ukhiye wesibili: baxhumanise nezinye izimpahla zezezimali

Ukuxhumanisa ithangi neminye imikhiqizo imvamisa kuyisixazululo esisebenza kangcono ukwandisa ukusebenza kwayo. Kungaba yizimpahla ezivela emakethe yamasheya, kepha futhi nakwezinye izimakethe zezezimali. Le mikhiqizo iqinisekisa inzuzo encane (cishe u-0,50%), kepha uma okulindelwe kokubuyekezwa kwalezi zimpahla kuhlangatsheziwe, kungafinyelela ku-3, 4 noma naku-5%. Kepha kunoma yikuphi ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa, kuya ngezimo zezimakethe zezimali.

Kuyisu lokuhweba elisetshenziswa amabhange amakhulu ukugcina amakhasimende awo amakhulu. Futhi lokho kudinga isikhathi eside sokuhlala unomphela, ukwazi ukufinyelela eminyakeni emi-2 noma emi-3. Ngezinkinga ezinkulu lapho kuzodingeka wenze ukukhansela, kungaba okuyingxenye noma okuphelele. Futhi nokuthi bazodinga umzamo omkhulu wezezimali engxenyeni yakho, njengoba yenziwa ngaphansi kwemali ebiza kakhulu, ngaphezulu kwama-euro ayi-10.000 kuziphakamiso eziningi zebhange.

Ukhiye wesithathu: nweba imigomo yokuhlala kwakho

Kuzoba iqhinga elilondolozayo onalo ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kokonga kwakho, noma ngabe kukuncane. Kuzofanele uselule isikhathi salo kuze kube yiminyaka emi-2 noma emi-3 okungenani. Njengomvuzo uzothola intshisekelo eyengeziwe yokweshumi okumbalwa ngaphezu kwezinhlelo zokuqala. Kepha umbuzo okufanele uzibuze wona ukuthi ngabe lokhu kukhuphuka okubuthakathaka kukufanele yini ukuthi imali yakho ingasebenzi isikhathi eside.

Enye yezingqinamba ezinkulu zokusebenzisa leli qhinga ukuthi isikhathi lapho ubeke khona izimpahla zakho, noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezindleko lungavela, ngisho nalezo ezingabonwanga kusabelomali sakho. Futhi kungenzeka ungabi nenye indlela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa lesi sibopho sesikhathi eside ukuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo, ngakho-ke, ususe inzalo enikezwa isiphakamiso esisayiniwe.

Ukhiye wesine: ukunikezwa kwamakhasimende amasha

Njengenye indlela yokugcina, ngeke ube nokhetho ngaphandle kokuya kokunye kokunikezwa okuningi amabhange abelokhu ekunikeza ukuheha amakhasimende amasha. Ziyenelisa kakhulu ngezintshisekelo zakho, ngoba zikunikeza izimbuyiselo ezifika ku-2%. Unamamodeli amaningi ongakhetha kuwo, kusuka kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-deposit deposits, kuya kuzipesheli zendabuko ebezilokhu zikhona, futhi zombili ezibonisa ifilosofi yaleli su lokuhweba.

Njengaseziphakamiso zangaphambilini zengeniso engaguquki, kuleli cala zikhawulelwe kakhulu, esikhathini sazo saphakade kanye nasemalini ephezulu evunyelwe inkontileka ngayinye. Kuphela uma ucabanga ngokushintsha amabhange lapho uzokwazi ukukhetha omunye wale mikhiqizo yokonga.

Futhi nokuthi izokunikeza nezinye izindlela zokwenza ukuqasha kwakho kusikisele ngokwengeziwe. Enye yezinzuzo zayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yilokho Zingamamodeli aguquguqukayo aqhubeka nokuvuselela nokuzivumelanisa nentuthuko eyenziwe umkhakha wamabhange.

Izeluleko ezinhlanu ezizothuthukisa imali yakho

Cishe awukho esimweni sokushintsha isu lakho lokutshala imali bese uya ezimakethe zezimali ukuze uthuthukise isikhundla sakho. Uzokhetha inzuzo encane futhi eqinisekisiwe, yize iphansi, ezingcupheni ezihilelekile ekuhwebeni ezimakethe zamasheya. Njengomphumela walesi sinqumo, akukho okunye ongakwenza ngaphandle kokushintsha indlela yakho yokucabanga, futhi bamba iqhaza ekuphathweni okusebenzayo kakhulu kokonga kwakho. Kuzoba yithuba lokugcina lokufeza izinhloso zakho.

Inhloso yezenzo zakho ngeke ibe enye, ukuthi ekupheleni konyaka i-akhawunti yakho iba sempilweni kangcono ngenxa yokuma kwakho kulolu hlobo lwemikhiqizo yasebhange yendabuko. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi izimo zemakethe ngeke zikusize ukufeza lokhu, kepha nokuthi ukuguquguquka kwemakethe kuzokuvumela isinqamuleli esincane ukufeza izinhloso zakho.

Kunoma ikuphi, khohlwa ngezimbuyiselo zeminyaka edlule, cishe ngeke uphinde uzibone, okungenani esikhathini esifushane naphakathi. Yize noma yisiphi isinqumo se-European Central Bank (ECB) sokukhuphula intengo yemali - njengoba kuzokwenzeka e-United States kungekudala - izosiza ama-margins wenzuzo kumadiphozithi athuthuke ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezizayo. Okwamanje, ngeke ube nokhetho ngaphandle kokungenisa noma iziphi izincomo ezilandelayo.

• Zama ukuhlaziya ukunikezwa okuhlukile amabhange akuphakamisa konaMhlawumbe ezinye zazo zilingana nephrofayili yakho njengesilondolozi, nangokusebenza okuphezulu.
• Ungakhetha ukuxhumanisa intela yakho nempahla yezezimali, futhi yize kungeke ikuqinisekise ngenzalo engcono, Uzoba nethuba lokukufeza uma izimo zemakethe ziveza lokho.
• Hhayi amabhange aseSpain kuphela akunikeza le mikhiqizo, kodwa amanye amazwe omhlaba futhi asungulwe ngokomthetho endaweni yethu, anikezwa ngomusa omkhulu ngokwenani lomholo wabo.
• Kungenzeka ukuthi ubucabanga ngokushintsha amabhange isikhathi eside, futhi ukuvela kokunikezwa kokuphromotha kwamakhasimende amasha kuyizaba ezinhle zokusebenzisa le nhlangano kuma-akhawunti akho.
• Futhi ekugcineni, ungahle ungakwazi lokho ungavula idiphozi kwezinye zezimali (iphawundi, idola, iSwitzerland franc, i-yen yaseJapan, njll.), yize kuzindleko zokuthatha izingozi eziningi ekusebenzeni. Yize uma ushintsho luzuzisa kakhulu kuwe, uzokwazi ukuvela uqiniswa ushintsho kumodeli yokuphatha.