Enye yedatha efanelekile ukonga Yiyona ebhekisa emsebenzini womsebenzi. Ngokwezinga elingaba nomthelela ngalo ekusaseni lezinkampani ezibhalwe ezimakethe zezimali. Hhayi ngaphansi kokuqina okukhulu, kepha okungenani ukuze ube nepharamitha eyodwa ngaphezulu kuya yenza izinqumo zakho utshalomali kusuka manje. Ikakhulukazi emikhakheni efana namaqembu ezezimali, amabhange kanye nalabo abanobudlelwano obukhulu nezintshisekelo zoMbuso. Akumangalisi ukuthi, ngokususelwa kwimininingwane yokungasebenzi, ohulumeni bakhetha isu elilodwa noma elinye kunqubomgomo yabo yezomnotho. Yilapho le datha yokungasebenzi ibaluleke kakhulu.
Kusuka kulo mthombo wokuhlaziywa, izimakethe zezezimali ngokuvamile azisekeli izibalo eziphezulu zokungasebenzi. Kepha kunalokho okuphambene nalokho, kungaba yisisekelo sokuxhasa ukwanda kwama-stock indices. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi ukuncishiswa kwabasebenzi ezinkampanini ezisohlwini kuvame ukubingelelwa ukukhuphuka okubanzi ngamanani esitoko. Lesi isenzo esenziwe ngokuphelele kubo bonke ngoba ngokuyisisekelo bafuna ukuqhubeka nokukhula kuma-akhawunti abo ebhizinisi. Ngeshwa, isici somuntu asibalwa njengoba izimakethe zezezimali zingayiqondi imizwa.
Kodwa-ke, nakwezinye izimo futhi, izimakethe zokulingana zigubha izibalo zokungasebenzi ngamandla amasha. Ikakhulukazi lapho kunezinguquko eziphawulekayo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke ngenxa yomthelela wayo emphakathini nakwezomnotho jikelele. Ngesizathu esicacile futhi lokho kungenxa yokuthi kunabantu abaningi emsebenzini womsebenzi ekugcineni kuthinta ukusetshenziswa. Futhi lesi sici ngaso sonke isikhathi samukelwa kahle izimakethe zezezimali. Noma ngabe kumakethe yamasheya kazwelonke noma ngaphandle kwemingcele yethu. Ngalo mqondo, enye yemininingwane elindelwe ngabatshalizimali ivela e-United States futhi yiyo ebhekisa kwizicelo zamasonto onke zokungasebenzi. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi umthelela wayo emakethe yamasheya ubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukwenza ngcono ukuqashwa ngo-2017
Imininingwane yakamuva enikezwe yiLabour Force Survey (EPA) eyenziwe yiNational Institute of Statistics (INE) igqamisa lokhu ukuvuselelwa komsebenzi eSpain ngonyaka odlule. Ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa embikweni wayo ukuthi inani labantu abaqashiwe lenyuke ngabantu abangama-235.900 kwikota yesithathu yonyaka wezi-2017 futhi limi kwabangu-19.049.200, okuyisibalo esiphakeme kakhulu kusukela kwikota yesithathu yonyaka ka-2009. Izinga lokushintshashintsha ngekota ngalinye liyi-1,25, 16%. Izinga lokuqashwa (iphesenti labantu abaqashiwe maqondana nabantu abaneminyaka eyi-49,27 nangaphezulu) limi kuma-57%, okusho ukwanda kwama-1,2 hundredths uma kuqhathaniswa nekota edlule. Ngokwehluka konyaka, lesi silinganiso sikhuphuke ngamaphuzu ayi-XNUMX.
Ngokobulili, ukuqashwa kwande kulekota ngama-163.600 kwabesilisa kwathi kwabesifazane kwabangu-72.300. Ngobuzwe, ukuqashwa kukhule ngabantu abayi-196.600 phakathi kwabaseSpain kanye nabangu-39.300 kwabokufika. Ngokweminyaka, ukwanda okukhulu kakhulu kokuqashwa kuleli kota kubonwe kubantu abaneminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-24 (101.000), eqenjini abaneminyaka engama-55 nangaphezulu (39.800) nakulabo abaneminyaka engu-16 kuya kwengu-19 (36.900). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, eqenjini eliphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 nengama-34 ubudala, abaqashiwe behle ngo-12.400 12. Ezinyangeni eziyi-521.700 ezedlule, umsebenzi unyuke ngabantu abayi-307.700 (abesilisa abangama-213.900 XNUMX nabesifazane abangama-XNUMX). Izinga le- ukuhlukahluka konyaka lapho kuhlala khona abantu ngu-2,82%, okusho ukukhuphuka kwamakhulu amabili uma kuqhathaniswa nekota edlule.
Umkhakha wezinsizakalo phambili
I-Active Population Survey iphinde igcizelele ukuthi ngonyaka odlule kwakuyinkampani yezinsizakalo eyanikeza imisebenzi eminingi kuyo yonke imiphakathi ezimele. Kusobala ukuthi liyanda inani labantu abaqashiwe kulekota ezinsizakalweni (236.400 ngaphezulu), kwi-Industry (34.100) naku-Construction (21.000) futhi kwehla kwezoLimo (55.500 ngaphansi). Ngonyaka odlule, kukhuphuke amathuba emisebenzi kuyo yonke imikhakha: Ezinsizakalweni kukhona abantu abaqashiwe abangama-301.700, kwi-Industry 139.400, kwa-Construction 47.400 nakwezolimo abangama-33.200.
Mayelana nokuqashwa ngokugcwele, kukhuphuke ngabantu abayi-380.200, ngokusho kombiko we-EPA, kanti isibalo sabasebenzi abasebenza itoho sehle ngo-144.300. Iphesenti labantu abaqashiwe abasebenza amatoho lehla ngama-95th century, kufika ku-14,31%. Ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule, imisebenzi yesikhathi esigcwele inyuke ngabantu abangama-493.000 kanti amatoho ngama-28.700 XNUMX.
Inombolo engaphezulu yabasebenzi
Isibalo sabantu abahola sakhula kuleli kota ngama-216.400. Labo abanenkontileka engunaphakade bakhuphuke ngama-67.500 148.900 kanti labo abanenkontileka yesikhashana ngo-57. Izinga lokuqashwa kwesikhashana lenyuka ngamakhulu ama-27,38, laya kuma-12%. Ezinyangeni eziyi-502.000 ezedlule inani labasebenzi lenyuke ngo-299.300. Ukuqashwa unomphela kukhuphuke ngabantu abangama-202.700 kwathi abesikhashana benyuka ngama-21.000 177.600. Inani eliphelele labasebenzi abazisebenzayo lakhula ngabantu abangama-15.987.200 ngokuhlukahluka kwekota. Ukuqashwa kwangasese kwenyukile kuleli kota ngabantu abayi-58.300, bema ku-3.062.100 XNUMX. Ukuqashwa komphakathi kukwenza kuma-XNUMX, kuze kufike ku-XNUMX.
Ngocansi, inani lamadoda angasebenzi incishiswe ngama-90.700 XNUMX kulekota, bemi ku-1.810.700 91.900 1.921.100. Kwabesifazane, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwehle ngama-84 18,21 kuya ku-83. Izinga lokungasebenzi kwabantu besifazane lehle ngama-14,80ththththth lime kuma-25%, kanti izinga labesilisa lehle ngama-54thththththth lime kuma-159.800%. Ngeminyaka, ukwehla kokungasebenzi kuleli kota kugxile kubakaki beminyaka engama-9.200-16 (abantu abangaqashiwe abambalwa abayi-19). Ngokwengxenye yalo, inani labantu abangasebenzi lenyuke ngama-160.900 21.700 kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-15,52 nengu-22,70 ubudala. Ngobuzwe, ukungasebenzi kwehle ngabantu abayi-XNUMX XNUMX phakathi kwabaseSpain nangama-XNUMX kwabokufika. Izinga lokungasebenzi kwabantu baseSpain liyi-XNUMX%, kanti lelo labantu bakwamanye amazwe lingu-XNUMX%.
Isigameko sokungasebenzi emakethe yamasheya
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, ukuxhumana phakathi kokungasebenzi kanye nezimakethe zokulingana akuqondile kakhulu. Kepha ngokuphambene nalokho, kuvela ngenxa yemiphumela enayo kwezinye izici zomnotho jikelele. Okunye kwalokhu kubangelwa umthelela ongaba nawo ekukhuleni komnotho. Le yingxenye yolwazi izinkampani ezithengisa esidlangalaleni ezithanda kakhulu. Njengoba ngokuvamile amanani aphansi wokungasebenzi ahambisana nezikhathi ukunweba kwezomnotho. Lapho ukukhuphuka ezimakethe kuyindawo ejwayelekile kuma-indices amaningi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubonakala endimeni leyo ukwehla kwamandla emali. Inkomba yamanani wabathengi iyehluka lapho izimakethe zamasheya zomhlaba zisalinde khona. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi bakhuphuke noma behle futhi ngale ndlela ube sesimweni esingcono sokwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo ngaphansi kokusebenza kahle. Ukusabela kushesha kudatha ngayinye ephuma ezimakethe zezezimali. Hhayi ngeze, kuyomelwe uhlale uqaphile njalo uma isifiso sakho kungukuvula izikhundla emalini. Ngaphezu kweminye imininingwane yezomnotho yokubaluleka okukhethekile.
Ukuxhumanisa ukungasebenzi emakhaya
Uma ubhekisa futhi kuNhlolovo Yezabasebenzi eyenziwe yiNational Institute of Statistics, inikeza olunye ulwazi oluthokozisayo maqondana nonyaka odlule. Ayikho enye ngaphandle kwenani lemindeni inyuka ngo-10.100 kulekota futhi ime ku-18.515.300. Kulawa, ama-4.729.200 angabanikazi bobunikazi kuphela. Imizi enawo wonke amalungu ayo asebenzayo angasebenzi yehle kuleli kota ngama-83.700, yafinyelela ku-1.193.900 esewonke. Kulawa, angama-309.300 angabanikazi bobunikazi kuphela.
Ngokwengxenye yalo, inani lemindeni lapho wonke amalungu alo asebenzayo aqashwe khona lenyuke ngama-134.100, laya ku-10.235.300 1.900.500. I-244.400 yazo kungukuphela kobunikazi. Uma kuqhathaniswa minyaka yonke, isibalo semizi enempahla okungenani eyodwa lapho zonke izimpahla zingasebenzi sehle ngama-412.300, kanti lawo anazo zonke izimpahla zawo eziqashiwe akhule ngama-111.200. Ngokwehluka konyaka, ukwanda okukhulu kokuhlala kwabonwa e-Andalusia (109.400 ngaphezulu), eComunidad de Madrid (92.700) naseCatalonia (6.100). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwehla okukhulu kunani labantu abaqashiwe kwakuseCastilla y León (XNUMX ngaphansi).
Ubudlelwano obuqondile nemakethe yamasheya
Esinye isici okufanele usicabangele kusukela manje kuqhubeke ukuthi ayikho inkampani eqoqa le mininingwane etholakele ezingeni lokuqashwa ezingcaphunweni zayo. Ngalo mqondo, kungashiwo ukuthi akuyona impahla ethengiswa njengeminye imingcele yezomnotho. Njengesibonelo, ukufika kwezivakashi, ukwanda kwezindleko zokuphila noma amazinga esikweletu ezweni. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi kungaba nokunyakaza okuphezulu ezilinganisweni ngezikhathi zokungasebenzi okuphezulu. Akumangalisi ukuthi bambalwa kakhulu abasebenzeli bezezimali ababheka lokhu kuhlukahluka kwe- yenza izinqumo zakho, ngandlela thile. Uma kungenjalo, ngokuphambene nalokho, okubhekwa ezimakethe zezimali njengedatha engathathi hlangothi. Uma kungenanoma yimuphi umthelela kuzilinganiso.
Akunabuhlobo obuqondile lapho ukungasebenzi okwengeziwe kuholela ekukhuphukeni okuthe xaxa emalini. Kepha kunoma yikuphi, kuyipharamitha esiza ukuthuthukisa imingcele yenzuzo yezinkampani. Yize ngaphansi kokuqina okuncane kakhulu futhi lokho akubonakali enanini lamanani. Yize kukuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ukubhekela ukusebenza ezimakethe zezimali.