Uma abatshalizimali bengazilahlanga izikhundla zabo kuze kube manje, akukho okunye abangakwenza ngaphandle kokubekezelela imvula. Kepha kula mazinga akuseyona indaba yokushintsha isu lokutshala imali. Vele uguqule isikhathi sokuhlala, usuka esifushane uye esimaphakathi futhi ikakhulukazi isikhathi eside. Njengomuthi wokugoma wokuvikela thina ekulahlekelweni okuphawulekayo kuphothifoliyo yezokuphepha. Lapho kucaca khona lokho awekho amanani wokuphephela ezimakethe zokulingana. Zonke zingaphansi kwengcindezi yokuthengisa engakaze ibonwe emashumini eminyaka amuva nje.
Ngalesi simo esingesihle, iningi labatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi bayazibuza ukuthi yini okufanele bayenze ngalo mzuzu oqondile. I- uvalo mayelana ne-coronavirus isithutheleke kakhulu ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe zokulingana. Ukukhethwa kwemakethe yamasheya kuzwelonke kwehle cishe ngama-35% futhi kungenye yezinkomba ezithinteke kakhulu kulesi simo esisha. Ngenkathi izimakethe zamasheya zase-United States ziye zanciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwazo, ngokwehla kwamaphesenti angama-27%. Kepha ukwesaba phakathi kwabasebenzisi besitoko ukuthi izinto zingaba zimbi kakhulu kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Kunoma ikuphi, bonke ochwepheshe bezezimali bavumelana ngento eyodwa: ukungathathi izinqumo singazisola ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Kunoma ikuphi, umthelela oqondile kakhulu abatshalizimali abazozizwa ngukushoda okukhulu kwemali njengoba kungavalwa izikhundla zabo emakethe yamasheya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akunakuphikwa ukuthi abatshalizimali abanolaka kakhulu bakhetha isinqumo sokuvula izikhundla kusuka kucebo eliyingozi futhi elinolaka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kunezinkinga eziningi ezivuleka kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Kulokho okuyimpendulo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezothathwa ngabasebenzisi.
Ukuthengisa okufushane kumisiwe
INational Securities Market Commission (CNMV) imemezele ngoLwesine ukuthi phakathi nalolu suku lwangoLwesihlanu, ukuthengiswa okufishane kwamasheya ezinkampani ezingama-69 kuzovinjelwa ngemuva kokuwa okukhonjiswe ezimakethe zamasheya ngenxa yesigameko esibi salo bhubhane olusha. Ngokuqondile, umphathi wezimakethe ubike sekwedlule isikhathi ngoLwesine ukuthi lesi sinqumo sizothinta wonke amasheya aketshezi amanani awo ehle ngaphezu kuka-10% phakathi nalesi sikhathi sangoLwesine nakho konke amasheya amalambu ezibhalise ukuwa okungaphezu kwama-20%.
Isixazululo esamukelwe sesiqale ukusebenza ngokushesha kusukela sashicilelwa kuwebhusayithi yeCNMV. Isinqumo sithathwe ngokuhambisana ne-Article 23 of Regulation (EU) 236/2012 yePhalamende laseYurophu kanye noMkhandlu, onika amandla iziphathimandla zikazwelonke ezinamakhono okuvimba okwesikhashana ukuthengisa okufushane uma kwehla intengo yayo.
Isivumelwano sicatshangelwe ngokubhekisisa ukuvela kwezimakethe zamasheya esimeni sesimo esidalwe yigciwane le-COVID-19, elibhalise ukuwa okungavamile kumanani wamasheya aseYurophu (-14,06% ku-IBEX 35) amaningi amanani adlula amaphesenti okuhlukahluka afakiwe kuMthethonqubo oshiwo ngenhla (i-EU) 236/2012 kanye nemithethonqubo yokuqalisa ukusebenza. Ngokufanayo, ingozi yokuba ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezizayo kube khona ukunyakaza kwamanani okungahambi kahle ezimakethe zamasheya zaseYurophu, kuhlanganise nabaseSpain. Ukuthengisa okufishane yilokho okuchazwe ku-athikili 2.1.b yoMthethonqubo oshiwo ngenhla (i-EU) 236/2012.
Ngokuqondile kulezi zinsuku, amanani amaningi ezokulingana kuzwelonke ahlaselwe ukuthengiswa kwezikweletu nokuthi ngokwezinga elithile kube nomthelela wokuwa okunzima kwalawa masonto, futhi ikakhulukazi lawo alolu Lwesine abesele cishe ngo-15%.
Uvalo emakethe yamasheya: linda ulinde
Umthetho ohlakaniphe kakhulu onconywe ngochwepheshe bezezimali ukuthi kufanele ubekezelele isivunguvungu esihlangabezana nazo ezimakethe zezimali. Okwamanje asinakho okunye esingakwenza ngaphandle kokucabanga ngaleli qiniso bese silinda isimo esizoshintsha ngesikhathi esisheshayo. Ngalo mqondo, enye yezeluleko zabantu abazothengisa amasheya abo ukuthi azenziwanga ngokusemthethweni "ngentengo yemakethe". Ngoba zingenziwa ngentengo engemnandi neze ngezintshisekelo zabasebenzisi besitoko. Isizathu singenxa yokuguquguquka okukhulu kwezimakethe zezimali. Ngokwe-oscillations lokho finyelela ku-10% esikhathini esifanayo sokuhweba.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele ushiye imigomo emifushane lapho uhlala ulahlekelwe yikho konke ngenxa yamanani entengo aphansi awo wonke amasheya emakethe yamasheya. Ngakho-ke, isixazululo siyadlula shintsha isu lokutshala imali ukuyiqondisa eminyakeni eminingana ebonwayo. Kepha lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeki kwabanye abatshalizimali ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene: ukungabi khona kwemali, ukukhokha okuphuthumayo, izikweletu noma esinye isigameko sasekhaya. Kulezi zimo, isixazululo sizoba nzima kakhulu ngoba kungenzeka kungabi nenye indlela ngaphandle kokwenza umsebenzi omubi kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Abatshalizimali abanemali
Kungcono kakhulu kubasebenzisi abangamanzi ngokuphelele ku-akhawunti yabo yokonga. Ngoba zingatholakala ngamathuba webhizinisi langempela ngokunikela ngamanani entengo yamasheya angabhekwa njengakhanga ngempela. Ngezaphulelo kuqhathaniswa namasonto ambalwa adlule aphakathi kuka-30% no-40%. ISantander ithengisa kancane ngaphezu kwe-euro ephindwe kabili, I-Telefónica cishe ama-euro angama-4 neRepsol kuma-euro angama-7, ukubala izibonelo ezimbalwa ezifanele kakhulu.
Kulokhu, inzuzo yokutshalwa kwemali iqinisekisiwe impela. Mhlawumbe hhayi esikhathini esifushane, kepha esikhathini esimaphakathi futhi ikakhulukazi isikhathi eside. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi kwezinye izimo kungagotshwa noma kulingane inzuzo ephindwe kathathu kwezimali. Njengoba ingxenye enhle yabahlaziyi ezimakethe zezimali ithi, le misebenzi akufanele ibhekwe njengokuqagela, kodwa njengokutshalwa kwemali. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kuyincazelo yangempela yalezi zinhlangano ezimakethe ezinkulu. Futhi ngalo mqondo, kuyithuba elihle lokuthenga amasheya emakethe yamasheya futhi ngaphandle kokuthi angaqhubeka nokuwa ezinsukwini noma emasontweni azayo.
Ngabe ukufinyelelwa kwegama kufikile?
Enye yezikhiye zokusungula isu elizolandelwa ukwazi isikhathi sokubanjwa. Ngoba kuzoba yi iphuzu le-inflection ezimakethe zokulingana nalapho amanani entengo eqala ukusuka. Kubukeka sengathi sesivele sisondele kakhulu kulawa mazinga noma kungenzeka kungadingeki silinde isikhathi eside. Kulesi simo jikelele, ukuphepha kwabavakashi kuthengiswa ngamanani amangalisayo, kwehlisa isimo esibi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, futhi kungaba yibona abalulama kakhulu futhi abanamandla okubuyekeza okungenye yesiteleka kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikhathi sokwenza imali singahambisana nokwehla kwamanani afinyelela ku-10%. Njengesandulela sokugcina sokuwa okukhulu kakhulu emlandweni wezimakethe zokulingana emhlabeni jikelele. Futhi lokho kungathatha i-Ibex 35 kumazinga kusondele kakhulu kumaphoyinti angama-5000, okungukuthi, ngokulungiswa okungu-50% kwamanani ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Iyiphi imali abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abalahlekelwe izikhundla kulezi zinsuku eziphithizelayo kuzo zonke izakhamizi abazolahlekelwa yiyo. Ngesimo esingakaze sibonwe nokuthi akekho noyedwa owake wabala emasontweni ambalwa edlule.
Ubungozi bemikhiqizo ebuyela emuva
Isu elihle kakhulu lokutshala imali ukusizakala ngalesi simo esibi se-bearish yimikhiqizo eguqukayo. Kokubili ekuthengweni nasekuthengisweni kwamasheya emakethe yamasheya, njengakwamanye amamodeli wezezimali: izimali zokutshala imali, ama-CFD, ngakho-ke izimvume, phakathi kokunye okuhambisana kakhulu. Kepha ngengozi enkulu yokufinyelela la mazinga kuzilinganiso ngoba ushintsho kuthrendi lungenzeka nganoma yisiphi esinye isikhathi. Ngalo mqondo, kuyingozi enkulu ukuthatha izikhundla kulo mkhiqizo ngoba ekugcineni imiphumela ingahle ingafuneki. Uma kungenjalo, kunalokho, ekugcineni kungadala izinkinga eziningi kunezinzuzo.
Akunakukhohlwa ukuthi imikhiqizo ephambene ifomethi yotshalo-mali ethuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwempahla yezezimali. Futhi-ke ungathola imali eningi kukho konke ukusebenza, yize ungashiya futhi ama-euro amaningi ezimakethe zezimali. Ngamamajini aphakathi kuka-10% no-20% ngesikhathi esisodwa sokuhweba futhi agcinelwe kuphela abatshalizimali abanephrofayili enolaka kakhulu futhi ikakhulukazi lapho ukuqagela kutholakala khona uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amasu okutshala imali. Yizo kanye lezi zinsuku lapho izimali eziningi zikazwelonke zihlaselwe ukuthengiswa ngesikweletu.