I-United States Federal Reserve (FED) isiqede inqubo yezomnotho futhi yathatha isinqumo sokukhuphula inzalo ngo-0,25%. Ngemuva kwezinyanga kudidekile, isigungu esilawula i-US ekugcineni sinqume ukukhuphula intengo yemali. Akusikho ukukhuphuka okuqinile, okungatheni kangako ngokumangazayo, kepha kunomthwalo obaluleke kakhulu wokufanekisa ngoba isikhathi eside kakhulu semikhuba yemali siphelile. Ngokuqondile, ibingakwenzi lokho cishe iminyaka eyishumi, ikakhulukazi ngonyaka ka-2006, ngaphambi nje kokuba kuqubuke inkinga enkulu yezomnotho ethinte amazwe amakhulu.
Imiphumela idlulele ngalé kwemingcele yayo, njengoba kunengqondo ukuqonda, futhi kukhona abasebenzisi abangenakubalwa nabatshalizimali abathi ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-Atlantic bazibuze ukuthi lesi silinganiso semali esikhulu kangaka sizobathinta kanjani. Ikakhulu ebudlelwaneni bayo nezimakethe zamasheya, kepha nezixhumanisi zayo nemikhiqizo yokonga.
UJanet Yellen, umongameli weFederal Reserve uchaze ukwethulwa kwemali ngezimali ngokuthi "ukutakula sekude kakhulu, yize kungakapheleli." Isimemezelo esiphelele senhloso esikhombisa ukuthi umnotho wamandla okuqala emhlabeni uzoya kuphi. Yize kunodaba olubaluleke kangako ebhodini, futhi lokho kuzothinta abaseYurophu: ¿ingabe i-European Union izolandela indlela efanayo?
Isimo semali eYurophu
Umgwaqo ezwekazini elidala, okwamanje, uhluke kakhulu kowaseMelika. Inqubomgomo yemali inweba ngokuphelele, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke okungenani izinyanga ezimbalwa. Isizathu asikho okunye ngaphandle kokungabikho kokuqiniswa komnotho womphakathi, okuholele ekutheni inkuthazo yemali iqhubeke nezifundo zayo. Hhayi ize, ngomhlangano olandelayo ngoMashi, UMario Draghi, umongameli webhange elikhipha iYurophu, usevele umemezele ukwethulwa kwezinqubo ezintsha zezimali.
Khumbula nje lokho intengo yemali endaweni ye-euro cishe ayikho, kusondele ku-zero, njengomphumela wecebo lezomnotho elishiwo ngenhla. Futhi omunye wemiphumela yawo emikhulu ube nomthelela kumikhiqizo yokonga yendabuko. Inzuzo yayo ingaphansi kwezinga lomlando eliphansi, kunenzuzo kuma-term deposits azungeze isilinganiso sonyaka esingu-0,35%, futhi esiphikisana naleso esenziwe ngokukhululekile eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Amaphesenti asondele ku-5% angabonakala, noma ephakeme kakhulu kuziphakamiso zebhange ezinolaka kakhulu.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, abafakizicelo bemalimboleko noma imali ebolekwa yibo abathandwa kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwenqubomgomo yemali e-European Union. Izintshisekelo zemikhiqizo yayo zehle kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, futhi lapho imali ebanjwayo evela emabhange ingumboni wayo omuhle kakhulu. Akumangalisi ukuthi i-European benchmark, i-Euribor, isemazingeni nawo angaziwa. Ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kokusebenza kwayo, ngakho-ke, kuyasizakala ngalesi simo somnotho womphakathi.
Umthelela kubatshalizimali
EYurophu asikho isibikezelo sokuthi amanani enzalo azokhuphuka, okungenani kuze kube kunikezwa izimpawu zokuqala zokuvuselelwa komnotho. Futhi ngalo mqondo, ukuwa komsebenzi okhiqizayo we China idlala ngokumelene nokushintshwa kwethrendi kunqubomgomo yezimali. Njengoba kungathinta ukusetshenziswa kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali.
Lesi simo sizoba nomthelela ezimakethe zezimali. Njengomphumela wokunyuka kwezinga e-United States, amanani athinteke kakhulu emakethe yamasheya aseSpain kuzoba yilezo ezihlobene nezinto zokusetshenziswa nezinsizakusebenza eziyisisekelo. I-Arcelor, i-Acerinox noma i-Repsol kuzoba ngezinye zezisulu. Kepha futhi abanye badalulwe emnothweni osafufusa, futhi ikakhulukazi labo abavela eLatin America. Ngalo mqondo, iTelefónica namanye amabhange aphezulu kakhulu ngokungangabazeki yibo abazothinteka kakhulu ngalesi silinganiso.
Mayelana nohlangothi olunqobayo, akukho kungabaza ukuthi bazomelwa kahle yizinkampani ezithumela kwamanye amazwe, njengasendabeni ethile ye-Inditex. Elinye lamahhashi azonqoba kuzoba yizinkampani zezokuvakasha (i-NH Hoteles, iSol Melia noma i-Amadeus). Futhi ngokwemvelo izindiza zezindiza - ezine-IAG njengoyena ophethe ifulegi eliyinhloko -, futhi nezenzo zazo ezizophinde zikhuliswe ukwehla kwentengo yenhlamba. Ukuba enye yezinketho ezinconywe kakhulu ngabahlaziyi bezimakethe zamasheya.
Kuthiwani ngesilondolozi saseSpain?
Esinye isimo esihluke kakhulu yileso esithinta ama-saver amancane aseSpain. Ngabe izinzuzo eziphansi kwimikhiqizo yokonga ephezulu zizoqhubeka? Amabhange avame ukuhlushwa yilo mbuzo obuzwa amakhasimende abo amakhulu. Ikakhulukazi abasindisi abonga kakhulu abanemali abayigcinile kule mikhiqizo (imali yesikhathi, amanothi ezethembiso zasebhange, ama-akhawunti okonga noma izinhlelo zempesheni).
Mayelana nemiphumela yokwenyuka kwamazinga ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic, imiphumela ekulondolozweni kwabasebenzisi bamabhange aseSpain izoba ncane kakhulu. Uzobona umehluko omncane kakhulu, ngokungangabazeki. Akumangalisi ukuthi ama-akhawunti akhona manje kanye nemali efakwa esikhathini ngeke icishe ithinteke. Enye into ehluke kakhulu ukuthi lesi silinganiso sizosetshenziswa endaweni ye-euro. Yebo-ke, imiphumela izobonwa ngokushesha kuyo yonke le mikhiqizo yezezimali, ngokunyuka kwembuyiselo yayo.
Kunalokho, imiphumela emabhizinisini amancane naphakathi nendawo uma eqala ukufakazelwa. Ukukhuphuka kwentengo yemali e-United States kwenza labo umsebenzi wabo osuselwa ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe bancintisane kakhulu, kanye nokuzuzisa labo abasemkhakheni wezokuvakasha. Yibo abazama ukwenza lesi silinganiso sizuze ngamathuba amakhulu emabhizinisini abo. Futhi noma kunjalo, ngeke zikhululwe kwezinye izixhumanisi nezinye izinhlaka zezomnotho, kuzwelonke nangaphandle kwemingcele yethu.
Ingabe yisikhathi sokutshala imali emakethe yamasheya?
Njengoba bebhekene nalesi simo esisha somnotho, abatshalizimali abaningi abancane nabaphakathi bayazibuza ukuthi kungenzeka yini kube yisikhathi esihle sokuqala ukuthatha izikhundla ezimakethe zezimali. Ngokomthetho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukunyuka okuphezulu ngamanani akutholakali kahle ngabatshalizimali. Cha, akunjalo. Futhi ijwayele ukukhiqiza ukunyakaza okuphansi esitokisini, kwesinye isikhathi kube nokusabela okukhulu kakhulu. Yize abanye abahlaziyi bebheka ukuthi sezivele zehlisiwe ngamasheya ezinkampani.
Ngokombono, Izimakethe zase-Europe zibaluleke kakhulu kunezimakethe zaseNyakatho Melika ukuthatha izikhundla, ikakhulukazi esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside. Ngamandla amakhulu okubheka phezulu, yize okwamanje umkhuba wayo uhanjiswa ngaphansi kwengcindezi enamandla ekusakazeni okuthengisayo. Futhi lokho enkombeni yokulinganisa kazwelonke, kumholela ekuvivinyeni umgoqo wezengqondo wamaphoyinti angama-8.000. Ngenye yezinyanga ezimbi kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva efana noJanuwari.
Kunoma ikuphi, akuyona nje inkambiso emakethe yamasheya kazwelonke, kepha zonke izinkomba zamasheya bezilokhu zisezindaweni ezingezinhle phakathi namasonto okuqala onyakeni, ezinye zinobudlova obufanayo. Futhi nangokunyakaza okungaguquguquki ngokweqile, okukuvimbela ekukhetheni isu elifanele lokusebenza.
Izeluleko eziyishumi zokutshala imali
Lesi simo, okuyisisekelo somnotho wase-United States, kufanele siholele ekushintsheni okuncane kumasu wabatshalizimali abathengisa. Kumele baguqule izikhundla zabo zokutshala imali ngokuya ngezinqubomgomo zezimali ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezomnotho zeplanethi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, balandele uchungechunge lwezincomo olususelwa kulezi zenzo ezilandelayo.
- Khetha izimakethe zaseYurophu phambi kwabaseNyakatho Melika, noma eminye iminotho yesibili. Yibo abazosebenzisa kakhulu lokhu kuhamba, noma ngabe banezinkinga zokwakhiwa komnotho wabo, njengoba kungabonakala namuhla ekuziphendukeleni kwabo.
- Hamba, okwamanje, kunoma yisiphi isikhundla esingena ezimakethe ezisafufusa ukuthi yibo abathinteka kakhulu ngalolu hlobo lwezindlela zokwandisa imali, futhi lokho kungathuthukisa ukulungiswa okubalulekile ezinyangeni ezizayo. Okwamanje, lo mkhuba usuvele uzwakale ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka omusha.
- Thenga amasheya ezokuphepha azuze ngalesi silinganiso, ukulimaza izinkampani ezixhunywe ezintweni zokusetshenziswa, noma emandleni. Futhi lapho ukukhetha okulungile kuzoba yiphasipoti efanelekile yokufuna ukusebenza okungcono kokonga imindeni.
- Yenza ngokuqapha, inikezwe ithuba lokunyakaza okunamandla okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukusebenzisa noma yiliphi isu lokusebenza ezimakethe zezezimali.
- Ukuvikelwa kwamagugu wethu kuzoba okufana kakhulu nakho konke okwenzayoFuthi uma kunesidingo sokuphumula ebudlelwaneni bethu nezimali, ngeke kube khona okunye esingakwenza ngaphandle kokukuthola kusebenza ngokushesha.
- Abatshalizimali, njengakwakho, kufanele babheke imikhiqizo ephephe ngangokunokwenzeka, okungathi uma kungenzeka iqinisekisa ukunikelwa kwezezimali ngembuyiselo encane, nangaphandle kokulindela ukubuyekezwa okuphawulekayo phakathi nesikhathi esisele sonyaka.
- Kuzoba nezinye izindlela ezizuzisa kakhulu ezithakazelweni zakho, nokuthi bangaqhamuka ezikhwameni zokutshala imali ezibuya ngokuphelele, ukuphepha okunenzuzo ephezulu yezabelo, futhi noma ngabe bekungathengwa amabhondi aseNyakatho Melika.
- Kufanele ugweme ukuxhumana nanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo onobuthi, noma okungenani lokho kuveza ukuvezwa okuqinile engcupheni. Akuzona ezinconywe kakhulu esimweni sezomnotho samanje. Hhayi ize ulahlekelwe yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenhlokodolobha yakho.
- Ungasheshi uthathe izinqumo, futhi kungcono ukuthi uzindle nge-oda ozoyithatha. Noma ikuphi ukubala okungalungile kungakwenza ulahlekelwe yimali eningi, ngaphezu kwalokho ongakucabanga. Ungakhohlwa.
- Futhi ekugcineni, ngeke sibe khona esinye isixazululo sesimo sezulu esinjengaleso khetha amamodeli aguquguquka kakhulu. Bangakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nazo zonke izimo zemakethe yezezimali, kuzo zombili izimo zokunweba nezokwehla kakhulu.