Enye yezinyathelo ezicatshangwe ngomthetho wokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ukwenqatshelwa kokuthengiswa kukadizili, uphethiloli nezimoto ezingama-hybrid ngo-2040. Lesi siphakamiso sikahulumeni sifakiwe ohlakeni olusebenzayo lwalo mthetho ukuze kuthuthukiswe imvelo. kuhlelwe nciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO20 ngama-2% ngo-2030 nokuthi okungenani u-70% kagesi uvuseleleke. Omunye wemiphumela ekusetshenzisweni kwayo uzoba nokwandiswa kwemoto kagesi kulimaze amandla endabuko amaningi.
"Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2040, ukubhaliswa nokuthengiswa kwezimoto zabagibeli kanye nezimoto ezidayisa ukukhanya ezikhishwa yi-carbon dioxide ngqo ngeke kuvunyelwe eSpain," ngokusho kwemininingwane ekhishwe nguMnyango Wezokuguquka Kwemvelo. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi olunye lwezinhlelo ezihlonishwa kakhulu ngabaphathi lilele ekukhuthazeni ngokuqhubekayo ukufakwa kwamandla kagesi angama-3.000 MW ngonyaka phakathi kuka-2020 no-2030. uhlelo lwamandla iphilile isikhathi eside.
Kunoma ikuphi, uhlelo lwalezi zici lubandakanya uchungechunge lwe- imiphumela eqonde kakhulu ezimakethe zokulingana. Lapho ngaphandle kokungabaza kukhona abazuzi abathile nabaphumeleli bezinyathelo ezinjalo nokuthi ungazisebenzisa lapho uthatha izikhundla ezimakethe zezezimali. Kodwa-ke, ngeke uyiqaphele imiphumela yayo esikhathini esifushane okungenani kuwo wonke amandla ayo. Imikhakha ephathelene namandla, ugesi futhi ikakhulukazi uwoyela yiyona ezothinteka kakhulu ngalezi zinyathelo ezingenhla.
Umthetho wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Vele, lezi akuyona izindaba ezinhle ezinkampanini ezixhunyaniswe nomkhakha onamandla we i-petroleum. Akumangalisi ukuthi abathengi bazoba nokuncika okuncane kule mpahla yezezimali ukuthatha imoto yabo ngoba lokho lo mthetho ozama ukukufeza ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwemoto kagesi ngaphezu kokunye ukucatshangelwa. Empeleni, enye yezindaba ezifanele kakhulu unyaka omusha esisanda kuqala ukuwuphatha ngukuthi inkampani yezimoto iVolvo imemezele ukuthi kusukela ngo-2019 izothengisa kuphela izimoto zikagesi. Lolu ushintsho olungazelele emgqeni webhizinisi lwalo, nemiphumela ebanzi ezimakethe zezimali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngeke kulibaleke ukuthi omunye wohlonze abasemkhakheni, njengoToyota, umemezele ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule ukuthi uzoma adayise izimoto zikadizili eYurophu. Lokhu kuzoholela ekwandeni kokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi kusukela manje. Yize isalungiswa ukuthi ixazululwe ngaphansi kwamuphi umfutho ezokwenziwa ezinyangeni ezizayo noma eminyakeni. Ngalo mqondo, izinkampani ezahlukahlukene zikagesi ziwenza lula umsebenzi ngokwakha izindawo ezahlukahlukene zokugcwalisa kabusha zalesi sigaba sezimoto ezingangcolisi imvelo.
Izothinta intengo yezinkampani zikawoyela
Umphumela wokuqala wokusetshenziswa kwe-ley wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ukuthi inzuzo ezinkampanini zikawoyela ingaphansi kunanamuhla. Lokhu kuzoqhubeka kakhulu noma kancane njengoba ukulinganiswa kwamanani azo kulungiswa ngokuya ngokusikeka okutholwa yile mpahla yezezimali ebalulekile. Ezimakethe zikazwelonke zezimali zemali engenayo eguquguqukayo, isisulu esikhulu salesi silinganiso sakamuva kuzoba yinkampani kawoyela I-Repsol lokho kuzokwazi ukwehlisa izinga lamanani alo esikhathini esifushane naphakathi. Lapho ngalesi sikhathi intengo yayo itholakala ebangeni elibanzi kakhulu elihamba phakathi kwama-euro ayi-13 kuye kwayi-16 ngesabelo ngasinye. Kepha lapho ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwehla, ngokunengqondo izinzuzo zabo zizokwehla kakhulu, ngisho nokuba sezingeni elingaphansi kwalelo elimakwe okwamanje.
Isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe yisimo maqondana nezimakethe zomhlaba wonke lapho ubukhona bamazwe amakhulu kawoyela busebenza kakhulu. Kepha bangasola lokhu kushaywa okunzima emkhakheni ngokulungiswa kwamanani abo. Kulesi simo esivamile, isilinganiso esiqine kunazo zonke kubatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi sizoqukatha ngokungathathi izikhundla kulo mkhakha. Kukhona abanye abangcono amathemba okukhula futhi ngaphandle kokuthi intengo kawoyela ongahluziwe ikwelinye lamazinga aphezulu eminyakeni yamuva. Lapho inani lomgqomo lisondele kakhulu kuma-dollar angama-80 umphongolo.
Ibhizinisi likagesi lizokhula
Ngokuphambene nalokho, omunye wabazuzi abakhulu balesi silinganiso yizinkampani ezisemkhakheni kagesi ezizobona umkhiqizo wazo ukwanda kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Ikakhulukazi emibandeleni eqondiswe kokuphakathi nendawo ende futhi lokho kufanele kuboniswe kufayela le- inani lesilinganiso. Lokhu okungenani kumcabango ngoba le nto incike kokunye okuhlukile okuhambisana kakhulu nokuhlangana kwayo. Ngalo mqondo, kungakhohlwa ukuthi ukufakwa kwamandla kagesi angama-megawatts (MW) angama-3.000 ngonyaka kuzikhungo zokukhiqiza ugesi kuzothuthukiswa.
ESpain, izinkampani ezilingana kahle nalesi silinganiso ekuvikelweni kwemvelo I-Endesa, i-Iberdrola kanye ne-Natural Natural yangaphambili. Okwamanje, futhi ngaphandle komzuzu omuhle ama-equity adlula kuwo, awangenisi lokhu kwehluka kumamodeli awo ebhizinisi. Yize bonke besezingeni eliphezulu lamanani abo kanti abanye abanjengoRed Eléctrica Española baze bazibeka ezingeni lokukhuphuka kwamahhala emasontweni adlule. Enye yezinzuzo zabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi kusukela okwamanje ukuthenga kuziphoqa ngokucaca okukhethekile ephepheni nasekuthengiseni.
Esikhathini esiphakathi nesikhathi eside
Kunoma ikuphi, lezi zinyathelo zikahulumeni kufanele zihambise ukuthambekela kokuthenga kungakapheli iminyaka embalwa. Ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinkampanini zikagesi kungaba yinzuzo enkulu kule migomo yokuhlala unomphela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akunakulibaleka ukuthi basabalalisa i- ukwahlukaniswa phakathi kwabaninimasheya unomusa kakhulu. Ngenzuzo engaguquguquki futhi eqinisekisiwe ebanga phakathi kuka-5% no-7%, kuya ngenkampani esohlwini. Ukwakha imali engenayo engaguquki kokuguquguqukayo, noma ngabe kwenzekani ezimakethe zezimali. Into ezuzisa kakhulu ngezikhathi zobuthakathaka obukhulu ezimakethe zezimali zokulingana.
Ngale ndlela, enye yezindlela zokwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo kusukela manje kuya phambili imelwe yizinkampani zikagesi, nazo ezinemodeli yebhizinisi ebilokhu izinzile kakhulu. Kufike ezingeni lokuthathwa njenge inani lokukhosela ngezikhathi zokungazinzi okukhulu nokuntengantenga ezimakethe zamasheya. Ungakha iphothifoliyo yakho elandelayo yokutshala izimali ngezinye zalezi zitoko ukuze uthole imbuyiselo, kepha hhayi esikhathini esifushane. Ngobungozi obuncane ekuvezweni okuvela ezinyathelweni ezintsha nguhulumeni wesizwe.
Amasu okufanele afezwe
Njengomphumela walesi simo okubandakanya ukuqaliswa kwe-ley kwezokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ukuvinjelwa kokudayiswa kukadizili, uphethiloli nezimoto ezingama-hybrid ngo-2040, ngeke kube khona okunye abangakwenza ngaphandle kokushintsha amasu okutshala imali. Ukushintsha izinkampani ezixhunyaniswe no-oyela ongahluziwe yizinkampani zikagesi nangaphezulu kokunye ukucatshangelwa kwezobuchwepheshe ngisho nangombono osisekelo. Ngenhloso yokuthi eminyakeni embalwa ungakwazi khulisa imali otshalile imali emakethe yamasheya kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Akumangalisi ukuthi lokhu kufanele kube yinjongo yakho eyinhloko kusuka kulezi zikhathi.
Enye injongo ekutshalweni kwakho kwemali kufanele iqondiswe ku- ukuqedwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lobungozi ekusebenzeni kwakho emakethe yamasheya futhi ngalo mqondo akukho okungcono kunokubaleka ezinkampanini zikawoyela. Ikakhulukazi ekunyakazeni okwenzelwe amagama amade kakhulu. Bangashintshwa ngumkhakha kagesi ongazuza kule ndawo entsha emvelweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele futhi kubhekelwe ukuthi uhulumeni okhona uhlose ukuguqula, ngokuhlukile, izici ezithile zokuhlelwa kwenethiwekhi yokudlulisa ugesi. Lokhu kuzoba yisikhuthazo esisha sezintshisekelo zezinkampani zikagesi.
Izinsimbi zezezimali
Ngenkathi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingxenye enhle yezinkampani zikagesi ingasithathi lesi simo sokuhlangana, akusho ukuthi ngeke besakwenza eminyakeni ezayo. Yize ukungabaza okukhulu kulele ekutheni kuzokwenziwa nini ukubekwa kahle futhi qoqa intengo yezenzo. Ngokwengxenye yayo, iGeneral State Administration iveza ukuthi "ngeke yenze imali entsha kumasheya noma okokusebenza kwezezimali okwenziwayo okubandakanya ukuxhashazwa, ukukhishwa, ukucwengwa noma ukucutshungulwa kwamafutha ezimbiwa phansi."
Akusizi ngalutho, okulindelwe yingxenye enkulu yabatshalizimali ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zibasiza ukuthi bakwazi ukuhambisa izimali zabo ngendlela ephumelelayo nangokuhambisana nezintshisekelo zabo. Okungukuphela kosuku kuyini ngalesi sikhathi ukuthuthukisa izikhundla zabo kumasheya esikhathini esifanele.