Isimo sokwethuka izakhamizi ezidlula kuzona sithinteka nobudlelwano bazo nezwe lemali. Hhayi kuphela maqondana nokutshalwa kwemali kwabo, kepha nokuthi bazokwazi yini ukuthola izinsizakalo zabo ezijwayelekile ezikhungweni zezikweletu. Lapho isimemezelo okufanele sinqume ubukhulu bendawo, imiphumela kanye nesikhathi sesimo se-alamu senziwe nguhulumeni waseSpain, ayikwazi ukudlula izinsuku eziyi-15, ngaphandle kokugunyazwa yiCongress of Deputies. Lokhu kuhlinzekelwa ngumthethosisekelo kuvumela ukukhawulelwa kokuhamba kwabantu, ukufuna izimpahla okwesikhashana, izimboni ezingenelelayo nokunciphisa noma ukulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakalo noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidingo eziyisisekelo.
Isimo se-alamu silawulwa ku-athikili 116 yoMthethosisekelo nakumthetho othile we-organic, i-Organic Law 4/1981, kaJuni 1, ngezifunda ze-alamu, ezehlukile kanye nokuvinjezelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yethulwe kusukela ngoMgqibelo wokuvala, futhi engxenyeni enkulu yemiphakathi ezimele yezwe lethu, kuzo zonke izikhungo nezitolo ngaphandle kokudla nezidingo eziyisisekelo kusukela ngoMgqibelo odlule. Kepha okwamanje, ngeke kuthinte amagatsha asebhange, okuyobe kuvulekele umphakathi ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane ukuze akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yawo ejwayelekile.
Ngalo mqondo, abasebenzisi bamabhange ngeke bakubone ngokweqile ukuntuleka kwensizakalo futhi ngabatshalizimali kuphela okufanele bazi ngokuhamba kwabo ezimakethe zezimali uma kungenzeka bafise ukwenza isinqumo esiphuthumayo ngalesi sikhathi. Lapho bazokwazi khona ukwenza lula imisebenzi yabo yokuthenga nokuthengisa kumikhiqizo ehlukene yokutshala imali nokonga ngokusebenzisa iziteshi eziku-inthanethi abebebala ngazo kuze kube manje. Kokubili maqondana nokuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamasheya emakethe yamasheya, kanye nakwinkontileka yeminye imikhiqizo yezezimali, njengezimali zokutshala imali, imali yesikhathi, izincwadi ezigunyaziwe nolunye uchungechunge lwamamodeli asezingeni eliphakeme ngevolumu yebhizinisi eliphawuleka kakhulu.
ICoronavirus: amabhange azovulwa
Amabhange azoqhubeka nokusebenza ngenkathi isimo sokuxwayisa esikhuthazwa yisigungu sikazwelonke sisasebenza. Ngalo mqondo, kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi zonke izinhlangano ezisebenza eSpain zizogcina amagatsha azo evulekile, yize isimo sesixwayiso simenyezelwe nguHulumeni kaPedro Sánchez. Izikhungo ezikweletwa imali zikhomba emaphepheni abo ukuthi umsebenzi abawunikezayo uthathwa njenge- umsebenzi womphakathi obalulekile Futhi lokho, njengoba kwenzeka e-Italy, lapho amahhovisi engakavalwa khona, ngeke kwenziwe naseSpain. Ngokombono, izakhamizi ngeke zibone noma yiluphi uhlobo loshintsho ebudlelwaneni bazo bansuku zonke nezikhungo zezezimali. Yize kungenzeka ukuthi elinye igatsha livaliwe ngenxa yekhefu lokugula okungenzeka.
Ngokwalokhu kubukwa, kuzokwazi ukusebenza ezimakethe zezimali ngendlela efanayo kuze kube manje, futhi maqondana ne amagatsha aphathekayo wezinhlangano zebhange. Mayelana nokwenza isivumelwano semikhiqizo yokonga ehlukile: imali yesikhathi esimisiwe, amasu wokonga, imikhiqizo yempesheni, njll. Yize kusuka kokusebenza kusebenza kunconywa ukuthi amathuluzi we-inthanethi asetshenziselwe ukukhulisa ukusebenza nama-oda ezimakethe zezezimali. Isibonelo, ngamathuluzi ahlukene obuchwepheshe: omakhalekhukhwini, amaphilisi noma amanye amadivayisi anezici ezifanayo.
I-Euribor iwa kakhulu
Imiphumela yalesi simo sesimo esiphuthumayo sikazwelonke ifinyelele nasengxenyeni yemalimboleko yempahla. Ngoba empeleni, i-coronavirus nayo ibangele ukusabela ekuweni kwe-Euribor, inkomba eyinhloko yokubambisa imali eSpain. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi le nkomba yokulinganisa iqale ngenyanga kaMashi ngehle kakhulu futhi isongela phula ama-lows wesikhathi sonke futhi Agasti 2019, ngenkathi ivalwa ngo -0,356%. Lesi simo esisha sizobe silindele ukuncishiswa kwemali ekhokhwayo abanikazi balo mkhiqizo wezezimali okufanele bayikhokhe, okungenani esikhathini esifushane.
Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, akunakuphikwa ukuthi izimo ekuqashweni kwazo zizoba lukhuni kusukela manje kuqhubeke yizinhlangano ezikhipha imali ebolekiwe. Kunoma ikuphi, izibikezelo mayelana nokubuyela kwayo endaweni enhle ziyakhanselwa. Ngalo mqondo, imininingwane yakamuva enikezwa yiNational Institute of Statistics (INE), eyenzelwe uDisemba, ikhombisa ukuthi emalini ebolekwa imali eyenziwe kuzo zonke izakhiwo ngoDisemba, isilinganiso senzalo esimaphakathi ekuqaleni singu-2,46, 1,4% ( 2018% ephakeme kunoDisemba 21) kanye nesikhathi esimaphakathi seminyaka engama-57,0. Ama-43,0% wemali mboleko isezingeni lenzalo eguquguqukayo kanye nama-2,14% ngesilinganiso esimisiwe. Izinga lenzalo elijwayelekile ekuqaleni liyi-2,8% yemali mboleko yamanani eguquguqukayo (2018% ephansi kunangoDisemba 3,00) kanye no-4,3% wemali mboleko yamanani amisiwe (XNUMX% ngaphezulu ngaphezulu).
Izincomo ze-ESMA
I-European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA), kanye neNational Competent Authorities (ANCs), basiqaphe ngeso lokhozi isimo ngenxa yomthelela oqhubekayo ezimakethe zezimali ze-European Union (i-EU) yokuqubuka kwesifo i-COVID-19. Ngemuva kwengxoxo yeBhodi Labaqondisi lapho isimo semakethe kanye nezinyathelo zezimo ezehlisayo ezitholwe yizinhlangano ezigadiwe zihloliwe, i-ESMA yenza izincomo ezilandelayo kubahlanganyeli ezimakethe zezimali:
Izinhlelo zokuqhubeka kwebhizinisi. Bonke ababambiqhaza bemakethe, kubandakanya nengqalasizinda, kufanele bakulungele ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zabo zezimo eziphuthumayo, kufaka phakathi ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokuqhubeka kwebhizinisi ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokusebenza ngokuhambisana nezibopho zomthetho.
Ukusatshalaliswa kolwazi emakethe. Abakhipha izibambiso kumele basabalalise ngokushesha noma yiluphi ulwazi olubalulekile ngomthelela we-COVID-19 kubukhulu babo bezomnotho, amathemba noma isimo sezezimali, kucatshangelwa izibopho ezisobala eziqukethwe kuMthethonqubo Wokuhlukunyezwa Kwemakethe.
Imininingwane yezezimali. Abakhipha izibambiso kumele babike ngokusobala ngemithelela yamanje neyethuba le-COVID-19 embikweni wabo waminyaka yonke wango-2019 uma ingakenziwa noma, kungenjalo, kulwazi lwabo oluphakathi ngezikhathi ezithile, ngangokunokwenzeka. ukuhlaziywa ngobuningi komsebenzi wabo webhizinisi, isimo sezezimali nokusebenza komnotho.
Ukuphathwa kwesikhwama. Abaphathi besikhwama kufanele baqhubeke nokusebenzisa izidingo zokuphathwa kobungozi futhi benze ngokufanele. Njengomphumela walesi senzo, lo mzimba uthathe isinqumo sokuqhubeka nokuhlaziya ukuvela kwezimakethe zezezimali maqondana nesimo esidalwe yi-COVID-19 futhi uzimisele ukusebenzisa amandla awo ngendlela yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwezimakethe, ukuzinza ukuvikelwa kwezezimali nabatshalizimali.
Ukuthengisa okufushane kumisiwe
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iNational Securities Market Commission (CNMV), ivumile ukuthi izokwenqabela ukuthengiswa okufishane ngosuku lwangakusasa, uLwesihlanu, Mashi 13, kuwo wonke amasheya oketshezi avunyelwe ukuhweba kumaSpanish Stock Exchange anani lentengo yawo lehle ngaphezu kuka I-10% phakathi kweseshini yanamuhla, Mashi 12, 2020 nakuwo wonke amasheya we-illiquid (ngaphansi kwemigomo ye-Delegated Regulation (EU) 918/2012) okuwa kwawo kube ngaphezu kuka-20%.
I-Las Amasheya angama-69 athintekile Zibhalwe ku-isengezo salokhu kuxhumana. Isinqumo sithathwe ngokuhambisana ne-Article 23 of Regulation (EU) 236/2012 yePhalamende laseYurophu kanye noMkhandlu, onika amandla iziphathimandla zikazwelonke ezinamakhono okuvimba okwesikhashana ukuthengisa okufushane uma kwehla intengo yayo. Phakathi kwamasheya athintekile kukhona zonke izibambiso ezakha inkomba ekhethiwe yemali engenayo yezwe lethu, i-Ibex 35. Ngaphezu kokuvikeleka okungoketshezi kakhulu futhi ngezinga eliphakeme lokwenza imali ye-Continuous Market yaseSpain. Ngenkampani, efana ne-Atresmedia, i-Ebro noma i-Liberbank, phakathi kwezinye ezifanele kakhulu.
Izimali ezithinteke kancane
I-Ebury, isikhungo esisebenza ngokukhethekile ngokukhokhwa kwamazwe omhlaba kanye nokushintshaniswa kwemali, sikhomba ukuthi indiza ebanzi eya kwezokuphepha ebangelwe yi-coronavirus ithinte kakhulu izimakethe ezisafufusa, izimali zazo ezithengiswe kakhulu ngesonto eledlule Izinhlamvu zemali ze-G10. Phakathi kwezimali ezisizakalayo kune-euro, eqede isonto liphezulu kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa namabhangqa ayo amakhulu (ngaphandle kwe-yen).
"Lokhu kubuya," kusho u-Ebury, kusekela umbono wokuthi ukuwa kwe-euro ngoFebhuwari kuya onyakeni nonyaka kubangelwe ngamasu okukhulisa imakethe - ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-euro njengemali yokuxhasa imisebenzi ka 'ukuthengisae'-, ukuthi kuya ukuwohloka efanayo. Le misebenzi, eyenziwa maphakathi nokwethuka, ithuthukisa imali ejwayelekile ”. U-Ebury ukholelwa ukuthi lo mkhuba kungenzeka ushintshe okwamanje, "ngakho-ke i-euro kufanele isebenze kuleli sonto ngokuhambisana nezimpahla ezinobungozi."