Ukuqothuka kube nokubuyela emuva engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka ngemuva kokuthi eminyakeni emihlanu edlule kube nokuzwela kwehle inqubo yokuqothuka. Njengomphumela wokuwohloka kweminye imininingwane ye-macroeconomic yomnotho waseSpain. Yize izindaba ezinhle zivela eqinisweni lokuthi lezi zinhlobo zezinqubo zomthetho zixazululwa ngempumelelo kusizakale izinkampani. Ngaphandle kokuthi izinombolo zibonakala zikhombisa ukuthi kukhona ushintsho olwenzekayo.
Kulesi simo esejwayelekile, inani labakweletwayo abashonile lifinyelele ku-1.648 kwikota yokuqala ka-2019, emele a Ukwanda ngo-1,7% maqondana nesikhathi esifanayo sonyaka odlule, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva eqoqwe yiNational Institute of Statistics (INE) nge-Bankruptcy Procedure Statistics (EPC) yekota yokuqala yalo nyaka. Ngohlobo lomncintiswano, i-1.558 izisebenzi zokuzithandela (i-2,1% ngaphezulu kwekota yokuqala ye-2018) futhi i-90 iyadingeka (5,3% ngaphansi). Ukubheka uhlobo lwenqubo, ezejwayelekile zehle ngama-33,0%, kanti ezifushanisiwe zanda ngo-6,2%.
Kubabolekisi ababhangile abangu-1.648 kwikota yokuqala, I-1.147 yizinkampani (abantu abanomsebenzi webhizinisi nabantu abasemthethweni) kanye nabantu abangama-501 abangenawo umsebenzi webhizinisi, omele ama-69,6% kanye nama-30,4%, ngokulandelana, kubo bonke abakweletwayo. Inani lezinkampani eziqothukile lenyuke ngo-4,0% kwikota yokuqala ka-2019 uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule. Ngokwefomu lezomthetho, u-81,0% wezinkampani ezimenyezelwe njengongenamali yiNkampani Yezikweletu Ezilinganiselwe. I-32,9% yezinkampani ezimenyezelwe njengongenamali zisesigabeni esiphansi kakhulu sevolumu yebhizinisi (kufika kuma-250.000 euros) futhi ikakhulukazi yizinkampani ezinomkhawulo wezikweletu.
Izinkampani zabakweletisi ezinabasebenzi abambalwa
I-26,1% yezinkampani ezimenyezelwe njengabashonile zinentengiselwano njengomsebenzi wazo omkhulu wezomnotho kanye no-14,1% weminye imisebenzi, ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni eyenziwe yi-INE. Mayelana nesibalo sabasebenzi, u-53,2% wezinkampani seziphelele ezimenyezelwe njengongenamali unezingaphansi kweziyisithupha. Futhi, phakathi kwalokhu, ama-29,2% awanabasebenzi. U-22,2% wenani eliphelele lezinkampani ezimenyezelwe njengongenamali kwikota yokuqala uneminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu ubudala. Ngokwabo, ama-22,8% aneminyaka emine noma ngaphansi ubudala. Ama-28,4% ezinkampani ezimenyezelwe njengongenamali ngeminyaka emine noma ngaphansi yakudala zisemkhakheni wezohwebo. Ngokwabo, u-55,3% wabantu abacwile eminyakeni engu-20 noma ngaphezulu yobudala bazinikele kwezentengiselwano nasezimbonini nasemandleni, ngokusho kombiko osemthethweni.
ICatalonia kanye noMphakathi waseMadrid benza u-47,1% wababolekisi sebebonke uqothulwe ngekota yokuqala ka-2019. Ngenkathi kunalokho, i-Extremadura yethule ukwehla okukhulu kakhulu ngonyaka kwikota yokuqala (-42,1%) nase-Illes Balears ukwenyuka okukhulu kakhulu (92,6%), ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva eqoqwe eNational Institute of Izibalo (INE). Enye imininingwane efanelekile evezwe kulo mbiko osemthethweni ihlala eqinisweni lokuthi ngonyaka wezi-2019 isilinganiso samakota onke siyi-10,7%, yisikhathi esiphezulu kunesikhathi esibhekiwe.
Izinkampani Zamasheya Ezithintekile
Enye imininingwane ikhombisa ukuthi ngokweRegistry of Judicial and Forensic Auditors (RAJ) ye-Institute of Chartered Accountants yaseSpain, Ama-90% wamacala wokuqothuka eSpain aphela ngokuqedwa. Ngenkathi kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, cishe ama-70% aphetha ngoba azikho izimpahla ezanele ezinkampanini ezingakhishwa. Ukuze ubhekane nezinkokhelo kubakweletisi. Enqubweni engaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi edinga ukuqashwa kochwepheshe abakwaziyo ukuhambisa izinyathelo ukuze bafeze ukutholakala kwale nqubo yezomthetho elawulwayo.
Kunoma ikuphi, kulula ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele yenziwe kulawa macala ngoba noma yiliphi iphutha lingabiza kakhulu ezinkampanini ezithinteka ukuqothuka. Lapho kungenakukhohlakala ukuthi ezinye izinkampani ezifakwe kuhlu noma eziqhubeka ukufakwa ohlwini lwezinkomba eziyinhloko zeSpain zidlule kulesi simo. Elinye lamacala aziwa kakhulu kube yilelo USniace eyeke ukuhweba eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule yaphinde yaqala indlela yayo ezimakethe zezezimali. Ukuze okwamanje ithengise ngaphansi kwama-euro angu-0,20 ngesabelo ngasinye nalapho abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi bashiye khona ama-euro amaningi endleleni.
Inqubekela kanjani inqubo yokuqothuka?
Esinye sezinyathelo zokuqala okufanele zithathwe ukwethula umyalo wokumenyezelwa futhi osemthethweni phambi kweNkantolo Yezentengiso wesifundazwe lapho okweletayo enekomkhulu lebhizinisi. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezinkulu zokuthi kungani labo abathintekayo kumele babe khona kommeli nommeli. Ngoba inqubo yokuqothuka ingathunyelwa ohlangothini olulodwa noma kolunye futhi okuxhomeke ekutheni kungenzeka yini enkampanini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthi umncintiswano wokwethula isivumelwano uyaqala. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Yebo, inkampani isasebenza, njengoba yenzile kuze kube manje. Izinga eligcina ngalo izinkomba zalo noma izinhlaka zokuphatha.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, umncintiswano ungavulwa, kepha kulokhu ukukhipha inkampani. Uma kunjalo, imisebenzi yabo izophela. Lapho isibalo somlawuli wokuqothuka sizobe siphethe ukuvala ibhizinisi ukuze akhokhe izikweletu kubabolekisi. Njengezinhlangano zokuphathwa kwezenhlalakahle, zazizothathelwa indawo ngumlawuli. Lokho kusho ukuthi, kunomehluko obaluleke kakhulu phakathi kweqiniso lokukhetha imodeli eyodwa noma enye ekuphathweni komncintiswano wenqubo. Futhi yilokho okuzonquma impumelelo yalo msebenzi ngalesi sibalo esisemthethweni.
Esinye sezinyathelo zokuqala okufanele zithathwe ukwethula umyalo wokumenyezelwa futhi osemthethweni phambi kweNkantolo Yezentengiso wesifundazwe lapho okweletayo enekomkhulu lebhizinisi. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezinkulu zokuthi kungani labo abathintekayo kumele babe khona kommeli nommeli.