Okunye ukungaqiniseki lapho uzosayina isibambiso sendlu ukuthi ukhetha isikhathi esimisiwe noma ngokuphambene nalokho okuguqukayo. Kuyisinqumo ongathembela kuso khokha imali ethe xaxa noma encane isikhathi eside ngokweqile ngenxa yempilo yalo mkhiqizo wezezimali. Lesi sinqumo kufanele senziwe ngokuya ngochungechunge lwezinto eziguqukayo, yize enye yezinto ezonquma kakhulu kuzoba yilezo ezihlobene nokuvela kwamazinga wenzalo ezimakethe zezimali. Ukuze iphuzu lokuthi le datha izokunikeza umkhondo ongaphezu kowodwa wokukhetha imodeli yezimali eyodwa noma enye.
Kunoma ikuphi, intengo yemali izobaluleka kuwe ukuthi uyixhume isikweletu sakho sempahla kolunye uhlobo lokuthakaselwayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, isinqumo se-European Central Bank (ECB) ku yehlisa intengo yemali Kwenze inkontileka yemali mboleko yesikhathi esiguqukayo inenzuzo enkulu kakhulu kunakuqala. Ngoba kuya ngaleli qhinga lezezimali, imali oyongile ozoyithola kwizitolimende zanyanga zonke izokuba nkulu. Ngalo mqondo, awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi amanani wenzalo endaweni ye-euro aphansi emazingeni. Isici esikusiza ukuthi ukhethe le ndlela yokubambisa.
Intengo yemali emazweni we-eurozone iku-0%. Lokhu empeleni kusho ukuthi imali ayisho lutho ngakho-ke kuhlale kwanelisa kakhulu ukuthi izintshisekelo zakho zibhalise imali ebolekiwe yezinga eliguqukayo kunaleyo ehleliwe. Kodwa-ke, lesi yisimo esingahlali ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi singaphenduka sikubambe ngesinyathelo esishintshile. Ngalokho, ingakhiqiza uchungechunge lwezingozi esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside okufanele uzicabangele lapho wenza lo mkhiqizo wezezimali ngokusemthethweni. Ngoba imali eningi isengozini kulolu hlobo lwemisebenzi yamanani aphezulu.
Izimalimboleko zokubolekwa kwemali: izinkontileka eziningi?
Ngokuya ngemininingwane yakamuva enikezwe yiNational Institute of Statistics (INE), kuyacaca ukuthi okuguqukayo yikhona iningi labasebenzisi baseSpain. Lapho kutholakala embikweni wayo ukuthi emalini ebolekwe emakhaya, isilinganiso senzalo esimaphakathi siyi-2,73% (13,5% engaphansi kukaDisemba 2016) kanye nesikhathi esimaphakathi seminyaka engama-23. Ngenkathi u-62,5% wemali mboleko yasekhaya isezingeni elihlukile futhi 37,5% ngesilinganiso esimisiwe. Olunye ucezu lwedatha olufanele kusuka kulolu cwaningo ukuthi imali mboleko yamanani amisiwe ithole ukwanda kwezinga lonyaka lika-4,9%.
Umbiko wanyanga zonke we-INE uphinde ugcizelele ukuthi isilinganiso senzalo esimaphakathi ekuqaleni singu-2,54% wemali mboleko emakhaya entengo eguquguqukayo (ngehle ngo-18,6%) no-3,13% ngezinga elinqunyelwe (3,5% ngaphansi). Mayelana nenani eliphelele lemali mboleko enezinguquko ezimweni zayo ezibhaliswe kumarejista ezindlu ingu-5.519, 24,4% ngaphansi konyaka odlule. Mayelana nezindlu, inani lemali ebolekwa imali shintsha izimo zabo kwehla ngo-17,6%.
Ngabe hlobo luni okhokha ngalo kancane?
Omunye wemibuzo ovelayo ngukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwenzalo abazogcina bekhokhe imali encane yokwenza ngokusemthethweni imali mboleko yabo yempahla. Yebo, yonke into izoncika ekutheni isimo senzalo sikhona ngasiphi isimo kumzuzu ngamunye. Ngalokhu, usesimweni sokonga ama-euro ambalwa ngezitolimende zanyanga zonke. Kulena yamanje, into enenzuzo enkulu ukuncika ezingeni eliguqukayo. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, ngoba ungathola ekunikezelweni kwempahla ebanjiswayo kuyasakazeka ngisho nangaphansi kwe-1%.
Lokhu kuhlobene kakhulu nokuziphendukela kwe- Isilinganiso saseYurophu, i-Euribor, lapho kuxhunywe ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90 wemali mboleko yamanani eguqukayo ezweni lethu, ngokusho kwedatha enikezwe yiNational Institute of Statistics. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lo mthombo wenkomba usezingeni eliphansi ngokomlando. Ngokuqondile, ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi itholakala endaweni engeyinhle, ikakhulukazi ku- -0,161. Futhi lokhu kusiza ukukhishwa kwakho kwalo mkhiqizo ukuthi kube ngaphansi kunakuqala futhi kunoma ikuphi kube nenzuzo enkulu kunalokho uma ukhetha isilinganiso esinqunyiwe kwempahla yakho oyibolekile.
Ukulinganiswa kwesilinganiso okungaguquki
Kunoma ikuphi, ushintsho lutholwe ngabasebenzisi ezinyangeni ezedlule. Ngokwempahla yemali mboleko yamanani amisiwe ngaphezu kokuguqukayo. Lokhu kwehluka kokufaneleka kwamakhasimende ikakhulu kungenxa yokushintshwa kwesimo kufayela le- izinqubomgomo zezimali. E-European Union, amanani entengo kulindeleke ukuthi aqale ukukhuphuka ngasekupheleni kwalo nyaka, yize kuhamba kancane. Okuthile osekuqalile ukuthuthuka e-United States, lapho inzalo yemali inyukele emazingeni ka-1,50% no-1,75%. Njengoba sibhekene nalesi simo esisha, imali mboleko yamanani angaguquki iphinde ithokozele okuthandwa abafakizicelo.
Ukufaka leli su kungaba nenzuzo enkulu kuzintshisekelo zakho esikhathini esiphakathi nesikhathi eside. Isizathu ukuthi kuzofanele wenze ifayela le- umzamo omkhulu wezomnotho, kepha eminyakeni edlule izolinganisela ngenxa yokwehluka okuphansi maqondana nemali mboleko yesikhathi esiguqukayo. Ngalo mqondo, isilinganiso senzalo esimaphakathi ekuqaleni kokusebenza singu-2,54% wemali mboleko emakhaya anezinga lokuntanta kanye no-3,10% wemali mboleko yamanani amisiwe.
Njalo ngemali efanayo yenyanga
Kepha uzothola inzuzo njalo uzokhokha imali efanayo yenyanga. Noma yini eyenzekayo ezimakethe zezezimali. Ukuze ngale ndlela, usesimweni esingcono kakhulu sokuhlela isabelomali sakho noma somndeni. Ngoba awunakuba nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezimanga ngesikhathi senkontileka. Ngokungafani nokuguquguqukayo okuncike ekushintsheni kwezimakethe zezimali. Ngalo mqondo, uma inhloso yakho ukuthi ube nokuthula okukhulu kwengqondo kusukela manje kuqhubeke, kungcono ukwenza kube semthethweni enye yemali mboleko yamanani eguqukayo. Yize ekuqaleni ukhokha imali ethe xaxa, ngemuva kokuzivocavoca okuningana inani lalo mkhiqizo wezezimali lizokwehliswa.
Kulesi simo, kuzophinda kube lula kuwe ukuthi wazi ukuthi ngesilinganiso esinqunyelwe i amakhomishini afuna kakhulu. Ngoba empeleni basebenzisa inzalo ehlukanisa phakathi kuka-1% no-1,5% nokuthi ngakolunye uhlangothi bavame ukufaka kwezinye izimo ikhomishini yobungozi yenani lenzalo. Kuyingozi okuzodingeka uyithathe ukukhetha le ndlela ehlukile kwezezimali. Ukushintshanisa ngokungabi nokwehluka ezindlekweni zempahla ebanjiswayo. Ziyizibani nezithunzi zazo zombili izinhlobo zezimali zokuthengwa kwekhaya.
Isimo ngamanani wenzalo
Kunoma ikuphi, uma inhloso yakho ukubhalisa imali mboleko yempahla ngalesi sikhathi, mhlawumbe isinqumo esihle kunazo zonke isilinganiso sokuguquguquka ngoba kuyindlela enenzuzo enkulu. Ngoba ukusabalala kwabo kungabizi kakhulu ngezintshisekelo zakho. Kepha uma ubheka kakhulu esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside ngoba ngeke ube nezindaba kuyo yonke impilo yemalimboleko. Ngeke ikunikeze okufanayo, okwenzekayo ezimakethe zezezimali, noma ngabe isimo sokukhuphuka kwamazinga wenzalo sigcwaliseka. Lokho wukuthi, ekuqaleni uzokhokha imali ethe xaxa, kepha ama-akhawunti akho azolinganiswa noma athuthukiswe.
Ngalesi sikhathi, imali mboleko yamanani amisiwe inezinga lenzalo ephakeme ngamaphesenti owodwa noma amabili maqondana nezinga eliguqukayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyisinqumo somuntu siqu esingaguquka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi futhi kuya ngezinqubomgomo zezimali zebhange elilawulayo laseYurophu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunenye futhi indlela yokubanjiswa kwemali ehlanganisiwe, okuyinhlanganisela ethile yazo zombili izinhlobo. Ngezinzuzo nezinkinga zalawa mafomethi wezezimali.
Imigomo yokuhlala
Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, kuzodingeka uthathe umshini wokubala kuphela bese uhlola ukuthi iyiphi iresiphi engcono kakhulu yokukhokha ama-euro amancane ezinkokhelweni zakho zanyanga zonke ngesikhathi semigomo yokuhlala unomphela kwale mikhiqizo yezezimali. Ngalo mqondo, isikhathi esiphezulu sokwehliswa kwehliselwe kuso Iminyaka engama-35 noma engama-30. Ngemuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngama-50 ngaphambi kwenkinga yezomnotho. Akumangazi-ke ukuthi ngesinye sezici okufanele usicabangele ukuze wazi ukuthi ngabe kulula yini kuwe ukuthi uthathe inani lemali mboleko elilinganiselwe noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, kube ngokuguquguqukayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, enye into yokuhlaziya amakhomishini nokuthi esimweni samanje ayancishiswa. Kuvame kakhulu ukuthi bakhululwe kulezi zindleko ngenxa yesimo senzalo ephansi kakhulu. Kunoma ikuphi, zimelela kufika ku-2% wenani elifunwayo ekusebenzeni. Futhi ekugcineni bangagcina benze izindleko zokugcina zibize kakhulu ngokwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwazo kusukela manje. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunenye futhi indlela yokubanjiswa kwemali ehlanganisiwe, okuyinhlanganisela ethile yazo zombili izinhlobo. Ngezinzuzo nezinkinga zalawa mafomethi wezezimali.