Emhlabeni kunezihloko zochungechunge eziyizikhungo zezezimali futhi ezinomthelela ocacile ekuguqukeni kwezimakethe zezimali. Kuzoba lusizo olukhulu uma wazi kahle ukuthi zikuphi. Ngoba ngale ndlela ungasebenza kangcono nalezi zimpahla zezimali ukwenza iminikelo yakho yezezimali ibe nenzuzo. Hhayi ngeze, kwegama le- izinqumo ezithathwayo isimo salezi zimakethe emhlabeni wonke sizoncika kulezi zikhungo zamandla. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi azikho izindawo eziningi ezihlinzeka ngalezi zimpawu ezibalulekile, kepha kukhona ezanele ongazicubungula kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Uyafuna noma cha inqubomgomo yezomnotho kuyalelwa emadolobheni ambalwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Yikuphi amasu aklanyelwe ukugcina ukuhleleka kwezomnotho ekugcineni okuzobonakala ngokuthembeke kakhulu ezimakethe zezimali. Kungenxa yokuthi zibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lobudlelwano lwamazwe omhlaba noma ngoba zivela kwesinye sezikhungo nezinhlangano ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Isibonelo, I-European Central Bank (ECB) noma i-International Monetary Fund (IMF). Kepha futhi nabanye abalawula nganoma iyiphi into exhumene nomnotho wamazwe omhlaba. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi izinqumo zabo zithinta cishe yonke imiyalo yokuphila.
Akudingeki zivumelane nemizi ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Kepha kunalokho, ithonya labo lilele kulokho abamele ngempela okwamanje. Kufike ezingeni lokuba yi lokuma ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akudingeki ukuthi zibekwe ezindaweni ezifanele kakhulu ezisatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke. Futhi lapho iSpain ingekho kulezi zinto lapho kuvela khona amandla ezomnotho. Kulesi simo esivamile, uyafuna ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi lezi zikhungo zamandla? Bazokunikeza umkhondo ongajwayelekile wokuthuthukisa utshalomali lwakho kusuka manje.
Izikhungo zikagesi: eFrankfurt
Kulolu hlu awukwazi ukuphuthelwa inhlokodolobha yezezimali yaseJalimane. Akumangalisi ukuthi yindlunkulu ye-European Central Bank nalapho izinqumo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho ezithinta indawo ye-euro zenziwa khona. Kusuka kuleli dolobha elihle laseJalimane inqubomgomo yemali yamazwe omphakathi yenziwa. Kufike ezingeni lokuba yi umthombo wezindaba ezibalulekile okuyizinqumo ezifanele zokuvela kwezimakethe zamasheya. Kokubili ngomqondo owodwa nakwezinye. Isinqumo ngasinye esenziwayo sihlaziywa ngemininingwane emincane kakhulu ngochwepheshe bezezimali ngisho nabezindaba abakhethekile. Ngomthelela oqondile wezikhwama ezizwela kakhulu kukho konke okupheka phakathi kwezindonga zezakhiwo zazo.
Ukukhuluma ngeFrankfurt ukubhekisa kwelinye lamandla wamandla emhlabeni wonke. Isenzo ngasinye sinakwa ngabatshalizimali abaningi abancane nabaphakathi abanamehlo abo abheke enhlokodolobha yezwe laseHesse. Kungakho kungamangazi ukuthi izinkampani eziningi sezizinze kuleli dolobha. Hhayi iJalimane kuphela, kepha iYurophu futhi jikelele evela emhlabeni wonke. Ukuba khona kwayo kuma-elite aphesheya kungokwesimanje kakhulu kunezinye izikhungo zamandla. Kepha ngokunembile ngenxa yalesi sizathu ithonya layo liyakhula. Ngokuxhumeka okubalulekile nezikhungo zamandla ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-Atlantic. Uma ufuna ukutshala imali kusuka manje kuqhubeke, ngeke ukwazi ukukhohlwa leli dolobha elinothile entshonalanga yeFederal Republic yaseJalimane. Ukuhwebelana kwamasheya kuncike kakhulu ezinqumweni ezenziwe kuzo.
IWashington: amandla ezepolitiki e-USA
Akukhona ukuthi iyinhlokodolobha yezezimali, kepha amandla ayo adlula lesi siyalo. Yilapho kuhlala khona uMongameli waseMelika. Kepha kulowo mkhonyovu ofanayo lapho osopolitiki abakhethwe yizakhamizi zaseMelika bashaya imithetho. Ngokusebenzisa I-Senate neNdlu Yabamele. Ambalwa amadolobha emhlabeni anethonya namandla anjengaleli elisenkabeni yezwe. Wonke amehlo abheke lokho okunqunywe kumaphoyinti afanele kakhulu. Futhi ngethonya elingenakuphikwa kukho konke okwenzekayo kuma-stock exchange. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi izinqumo zabo zingakusiza noma zikulimaze ezikhundleni ozivulekele ezimakethe zezimali. Ungakhohlwa uma ufuna ukuphatha imali yakho ngempumelelo.
IWashington ibilokhu iboshelwe ezinqumweni ezinkulu zezomnotho. Kepha futhi kuyisihlalo sababaluleke kakhulu imizimba engaphezulu kwamanye amazwe nezinhlangano. Akukho okwenziwayo kuleli dolobha elibalulekile okungeke likukhathalele ukuhlobana nezwe lemali elihlale liyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi ikakhulukazi ezithakazelweni zakho nezimakethe zezezimali. Lapho izindaba eziningi ezivela emkhakheni wezomnotho zivela kule ngxenye ye-United States. Akumangalisi ukuthi yi-thermometer ethatha umsebenzi wezomnotho, hhayi kuphela e-United States uqobo, kodwa kuyo yonke imikhakha yamazwe omhlaba. Ngokwalo mbono, ungangabazi ukuthi iWashington cishe ihlale ikhona ezinqumweni ozenzayo emakethe yamasheya.
ITokyo njengesithenjwa sase-Asia
Inhlokodolobha enabantu abaningi eJapan ingenye yezinkomba zokuqonda ubudlelwane bezomnotho bamazwe omhlaba. Hhayi nje ngoba iyikhaya lenkomba yamasheya yaseJapan enamandla, iNikkei, kepha iyisibonelo esifanelekile se- amandla akhulayo omnotho wase-Asia. Kuyimakethe yezimali ephawulekayo lapho izigidi eziningi zamaRandi zihamba khona. Kepha futhi ngenxa yethonya elingaphezu kokugqamile kwezinye izimakethe zezezimali e-Southeast Asia. Kungomunye wemithombo okufanele uye kuyo njalo lapho wenza isinqumo sokwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo. Ikakhulukazi esigabeni semikhiqizo ehloselwe ukutshalwa kwemali inolaka kakhulu kunaleyo ejwayelekile.
ITokyo ibilokhu ibhekwa njengesinye sezikhungo zamandla ezomnotho ngokugqwesa. Ezinye zezinqumo zakho zizothanda ireferensi yale makethe yezezimali. Ngaphezu kokumelela elinye lamazwe anamandla amakhulu emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, ithonya layo lingaphansi kunezinye izikhungo zamandla ezibalulwe ngenhla. Kepha akufanele ukubukele phansi ukubaluleka kwale nhloko-dolobha. Ngokombono ohlukile: ezezimali, imakethe yamasheya, ukukhula komnotho kanye nokuncipha kwamandla emali, phakathi kokunye okuhambisana kakhulu okwamanje. Indima yalo ayisiyintsha, kepha iyithuthukisile ngokomlando eminyakeni edlule. Njengommeleli othuthuke kakhulu womnotho okhulayo wase-Asia.
IDolobha yize iBrexit
Uma ufuna ukukhuluma ngezikhungo ezinkulu zamandla emhlabeni, awukwazi ukukhohlwa nganoma iyiphi indlela inhlokodolobha yase-United Kingdom, iLondon. Yimakethe yezimali ebaluleke kakhulu ezwenikazi elidala. Ngisho nangaphezulu kwezikwele zaseJalimane. Awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi kunjalo izigidi eziningi ezishintshana ngezandla ezimakethe zabo. Akukhulunywa nje kuphela ngomkhakha wemakethe yamasheya. Kepha kwabanye kufanelekile njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, izinsimbi eziyigugu noma ukuthengiswa kokudla: ikhofi, ukhokho, ukolweni, i-oats, njll. Lokho, kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe ukuthi ungacabangi ngakho kusukela manje.
ILondon, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyikhaya lesikhungo sayo sezimali esidumile. Ngalesi sizathu yaziwa njenge-Ciy. Konke lokhu noma kunjalo I-Brexit, ngoba yindawo yokuhlangana yabenzeli bezomnotho ababaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngokwezinga lapho wonke amaqembu okutshalwa kwezimali avela ezindaweni ezibaluleke kakhulu ezikhona. Akumangazi ukuthi kubahlaziyi abaningi bezezimali kubhekwa njengesinye sezikhungo ezimbili zamandla emhlabeni. Izinqumo ezithathwayo zibaluleke ngokukhethekile, ngaphezu kokunqanyulwa kwazo nezinhlangano zomphakathi. Ngokunye kokuhwebelana okusebenzayo kakhulu ukusebenzisa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezibambiso.
IBeijing njengendawo evelayo
Inhlokodolobha yePeople's Republic of China iyisibonelo esibaluleke kunazo zonke sezinguquko ezintsha ezenzekayo emhlabeni. Kulokhu, kungamandla amasha ezomnotho we amazwe asafufusa. Futhi ngalomqondo, iBeijing iyona ehamba phambili kunazo zonke. Ngomunye womnotho okhula ngokushesha. Ngomthelela kwezinye izimakethe zezezimali ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwalo mbono omusha, kungenye yezinto ezintsha ozohlangana nazo eminyakeni yamuva. Njengoba ukubukeka kwayo bekukhazimula impela ngoba isisindo saso esithile besikade singekho kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule.
Kokuncane, amanye amadolobha akhona. Ngethonya lasendaweni elingaphezulu kepha lokho kunquma ukuvela kwezimakethe zezimali. Yize kunemiphumela eyenziwe yasendaweni futhi ngendlela ongalawula ngayo ngempumelelo enkulu. Phakathi kwalezi zikhungo zamandla kukhona amadolobha afana neDavos, New York kanye neBrasilia njengabamele amandla aqhamukayo. Kunoma ikuphi, bonke bazokwazi ukukunikeza esinye isignali mayelana nalokho okufanele ukwenze ebuhlotsheni bakho nezimakethe zezimali. Ukuze ngale ndlela, amasu akho asebenze kangcono futhi ukwazi ukwenza imali kangcono ngempahla yakho. Kulokhu, kusuka kwelinye iphuzu lokubuka futhi mhlawumbe okungokoqobo nokwengeziwe.