Abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abakhangwa izimakethe zokulingana ngezinzuzo abanaso isikhathi sabo esihle eSpain. Ngempela, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva enikezwe yi-Henderson Global Dividend Index, Izabelo zehliswe cishe ngama-20% kwikota yesibili yalo nyaka, ifinyelela kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingama-5.577,4. Lokhu kwehla kubonisa ukwehla kwe-17% emalini yayo, yize njengoba umbiko ukhombisa ngokwazisa okuncane nge-euro njengokwasemuva esimeni esisha.
Esinye sezizathu zokuchaza lokhu kwehla okukhulu kwezinzuzo ezivela ezinkampanini ezibalwe emakethe yamasheya yaseSpain sichazwa ngu abanamandla kwehle kusabelo seBanco Santander, esancishiswa ngama-66%. Izinkampani ezisele eMakethe Kazwelonke Eqhubekayo, kunalokho, zigcine noma zenyusa lo mholo ezinikeza abaninizabelo.
Lesi simo kumasheya aseSpain kuqhathaniswa nemakethe endala yezwekazi. Njengoba ithole engxenyeni yokugcina yekota yesibili yonyaka ukukhuphuka okulinganiselwa ku-1,1% maqondana nedatha yanyakenye, yize kucatshangelwa izinzuzo ezingajwayelekile ezabiwe ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka. Lapho imininingwane efanele kakhulu ukuthi, eYurophu, izinkampani ezingama-80% zenyuse noma zagcina izabelo zazo.
Ukuvela kwezabelo
Mayelana nenye indawo ebaluleke kakhulu emnothweni womhlaba, njenge-United States, ukukhula kwemali ekhokhelwa izabelo ecishe ibe yi-5% kuyabonakala kulesi sikhathi. Mayelana nokungenzeka ezinyangeni ezizayo ngalo mholo wabaninimasheya, umbiko kaHenderson ucace bha eziphethweni zawo. Hhayi ngeze, ibikezela ukuthi phakathi nengxenye yesibili yonyaka idatha izoba yimbi kakhulu Lokho kuze kube manje. Kuhlanganisa neqiniso lokuthi ukukhula kokwabiwa okubhaliswe yiYurophu kuyasiza ukulinganisela i-panorama yomhlaba yezinzuzo.
Njengoba kwaziwa, izinzuzo kuyisu elisetshenziswa ngabasindisi baseSpain ukwenza imali engaguquki kokuguqukayo. Ngesivuno esimisiwe nesiqinisekisiwe esisukela ku-3% kuye ku-8%. Kwenziwa ngaphansi kokukhokha ngezikhathi ezihlukile: njalo ngekota, ngekota yonyaka noma ngonyaka, futhi ngokuya ngamasu enziwa yizinkampani uqobo ezibhalwe ezimakethe zezimali.
Inani lalezi zinzuzo limenyezelwa kusengaphambili futhi lapho izinkokhelo zazo zenziwe, ziya ngqo kwi-akhawunti yamanje yabatshalizimali. Lapho intela seyehlisiwe, ngakho-ke ukukhokha ngeke kube kukhulu njengoba kukhangisiwe yizinkampani, kepha kuzoba yinzuzo ephelele. Kuyindlela yokugcina ifayili le- izimali, futhi ngaphandle kokuvela kwamanani ezimakethe zezimali.
Izinkampani ezinenzuzo engcono kakhulu
Njengoba kubonwe kudatha esatshalaliswe nguHenderson, izinkampani zaseSpain yilezo ezibonisa ukungaziphathi eminyakeni yamuva. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi abanye babo bakuthole kudingekile ukuthi babasike, futhi ezimweni ezehlukile kakhulu ukubasusa kunqubomgomo yabo yemiholo.
Elinye lamacala ateleka kakhulu elenkampani kawoyela iRepsol, ebone ukuthi iyinciphise kanjani ezinyangeni ezedlule ukuze ilungise ama-akhawunti ayo ebhizinisi. Ukusuka ku- 1 kuya ku-0,75 euros ngesabelo ngasinye, futhi lokho kusho ukusikwa cishe okungama-20% abanikazi bamasheya bale nkampani abazoyeka ukukuthola. Esinye sezizathu zokuthethelela lokhu kwehla komholo ukutholakala kokwehla kwentengo kawoyela ongahluziwe, osusukile ekuhwebeni ngamadola ayi-19 kuya kwayi-12 emgqonyeni ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili ezedlule ezimakethe ezinkulu zezezimali.
Akulona icala elihlukile, kepha njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, I-Banco Santander Kube ngenye yezindinganiso ezibe nomthelela omkhulu ekunciphisweni kwezabelo. Akumangalisi ukuthi ziye zehluka kakhulu, zehla zisuka ku-0,60 zaya ku-0,20 euro ngesabelo ngasinye. Ukwehla okucishe kube ngama-20%, futhi abaninimasheya kabani abazoba yilahleko eyinhloko yalesi silinganiso somholo.
Emkhakheni wezamabhange, amanye amaqembu akhethe isu elifanayo. Njengasendabeni ethile yeCaixabank, eyehlise yaya ku-0,16 euros, kusuka emazingeni ama-0,18 euros. Ngaphandle kokukhipha isinqumo ukwehla kokuqhubeka, zombili kulezi zinkampani ezisemkhakheni wezezimali nakwamanye amabhange abhalwe emakethe yamasheya aseSpain. Kunoma ikuphi, kungenye yezingxenye ezinokuvela okubi kakhulu ezinyangeni ezedlule. Njengomphumela wenzuzo ephansi eyenziwe yimiphumela yayo yebhizinisi. Futhi badumaze izimakethe, behlisa amanani entengo abo.
Ukususwa okuqondile kwesahlukaniso
Ezinye izinkampani, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zibe nenhlanhla embi kakhulu ngisho nokususa le nkokhelo kubaninimasheya. Kube ngenxa yezenzo ezahlukahlukene, ezicaciswe kakhulu enkampanini ngayinye. Elinye lamacala elihehe ukunakwa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwaleli su enkampanini yokwakha FCC. Ngoba empeleni, banqume ukuyisusa ngqo ngenxa yenkinga yezezimali yenkampani.
Izinkampani eziningi ezibalwe zinqume ukulandela lo mkhuba ngomholo eziwunikeze abaninizabelo. I-Indra ingenye yazo, eyehla kakhulu ukwenza ngcono ama-akhawunti ohlu lwayo lwebhizinisi, noma kungenqatshelwe ukuthi ingaphinde izame eminyakeni ezayo uma ukuvela kwenkampani kuqhubeka ngokuya ngokulindelekile mayelana nemiphumela yebhizinisi kusukela ngo ukuqala ngonyaka ozayo.
Ngaphakathi kwaleli su lokuhweba, sishiya icala elikhetheke kakhulu leTelefonica ekugcineni. Uthathe isinqumo sokuyikhipha kukhalenda yonyaka, ukuze ayinikeze futhi kubo bonke abatshalizimali bakhe. Ukuba ngomunye wokunikezwa okunamandla kakhulu kwezinkampani ezisohlwini lwenkomba ekhethiwe kazwelonke. Kwenziwa ngezinkokhelo ezimbili zaminyaka yonke, eyodwa ngoJuni bese elandelayo ngoNovemba. Ungomunye wemicimbi ebaluleke kakhulu kubatshalizimali abakhetha lezi zindlela zokukhokha.
Kukhona nezimo zezinkampani ezinciphisile, yize zincane futhi zingaphansi kwamamaki angabalulekile kakhulu. Futhi lokho impela kuzothinta ibhalansi ye-akhawunti yakho yamanje. Endabeni yamasu akhethekile aklanyelwe ukukhokhela imali engenayo enikelwe ngama-akhawunti wakho webhizinisi.
Yini inzuzo yezinkampani?
Kuneziningana izinkampani ezikhokha ngaphezu kwe-5% yenzalo kusabelo sakho sonyaka. Ziholwa izinkampani zamandla (i-Endesa, iRed Eléctrica, i-Enagás, iRepsol neGesi Yemvelo). Banobuntu obukhulu ukwaba lo mholo kubaninimasheya. Ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi imvamisa iba nenkathi yonyaka noma yonyaka, kuya ngecala ngalinye.
Futhi akufanele sikhohlwe ngabanye abanenzuzo enkulu ekukhokhelweni kwalo mqondo, futhi abamelwe I-Telefónica ne-Abertis, enikela ngale ndlela yokukhokha imbuyiselo enamandla kakhulu kunezinye izibambiso zenkomba yokukhetha yaseSpain. Ngaphezu kwesilinganiso, kulinganiselwa ku-5%.
Kunoma ikuphi, kuyindlela eyingqayizivele ye- yenza imali engenayo engaguquki ngaphakathi kokuguquguqukayo. Akunandaba ukuthi izibambiso zibhalwe kanjani ezimakethe zokuhwebelana kwazo. Ikhiqiza izimbuyiselo ezikhangayo kunemikhiqizo yasebhange (imali yesikhathi, amanothi ezethembiso, ama-akhawunti akhokhelwayo, njll.). Njengomphumela wesinqumo sakamuva se-European Central Bank (ECB) ukwehlisa intengo yemali, futhi lokho sekuyilethele umlando ongu-0%, okusho ukuthi, uma kungabaluleki lutho kuyo.
Ukwahlukaniswa kuyindlela engaphezu kokuphakamisa ukuvikela izintshisekelo zabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Hhayi ngeze, ivumela isikweletu esithile ngezinkokhelo zakho ezivamile. Ngokwengeza ukuthi futhi ungenza ukonga kube nenzuzo ngokuvela kwamanani abo. Kuyindlela ehlanganisiwe ongayenza ibe semthethweni ngeziphakamiso eziningi kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Ingabe usesimweni sokukwenza?
Yini okufanele uyenze ukuwaqoqa?
Ukwamukela ukukhokhwa kwezinzuzo zendabuko, imfuneko kuphela ezoba ukuthi uthenge izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kosuku lokukhokha. Ngalo mqondo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi bekungeke kube ngale ndlela ngaphambili. Kwakwanele ukuthi izikhundla zivulwe esitokisini ngosuku olufanayo ngaphambili. Izimo, lapho-ke, zithintekile futhi zincane ngenxa yokuthi zichithe isikhathi esithe xaxa kwizikhundla zezokuphepha ezikhokha ngale nkokhelo.
Uzoba nayo kuphela khetha kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ezethula lesi sici esikhetheke kakhulu. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi kuzofanele uthathe isinqumo esinzima kakhulu ngokususelwa kokuguquguqukayo okuthathayo ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi inketho enenzuzo enkulu okwamanje enenzuzo yakho. Kuningi ongakhetha kukho futhi uma kukhulunywa ngochungechunge lwamathiphu, khona-ke kungcono kunokungcono.
- Ngokusebenzisa amasheya akukhokhela izinzuzo uzohlala unenkokhelo ehleliwe eqinisekisiwe njalo ngonyaka, ngaphezu kwamamaki ama-3%.
- Akufanele ukhethe ukubheja kwakho okuguquguqukayo okususelwa kulamanyolo, kepha ku- okunye okuguqukayo okubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo.
- Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ukuthi yini ungabehlisi kusukela manje kuqhubeke, ngoba kuyisu elisetshenziswa izinkampani ukunxephezela ukwehla kwenzuzo.
- Uma ngemuva kokusabalalisa idividendi uthola ukuthi futhi wenza lo msebenzi ube nenzuzo, kungaba izaba ezizwakalayo zokuthi uhlehlise izikhundla zakho esikhwameni. Ngayo yonke inzuzo oyitholayo ngalesi sikhathi.