Uma kukhona a kuqedile lokho kuxhumene kakhulu nokubalwa kwezwe noma kwendawo, lokho ngokungangabazeki ibhalansi yezinkokhelo. Akumangalisi ukuthi sikhuluma ngesinye sezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-macroeconomic esinikeza imininingwane edingekayo mayelana ne- isimo sezomnotho wesizwe ngokujwayelekile. Ngale datha, uzoba nezimpawu eziqonde kakhulu ngesimo sakho futhi kusebenza ukuthatha izinyathelo ezithile zomnotho ngenhloso yokuthola ukwanda kwazo.
Ibhalansi yedatha iyinkomba yenhloso ngoba isinikeza imininingwane edingekayo yokuthola ukuvela kwezwe okukhulunywa ngalo noma elihlaziywa yimibiko yezomnotho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akunakulibaleka ukuthi iqoqa yonke imali evela phesheya. Lokho kungukuthi, kwabo ubudlelwane bebhizinisi namanye amazwe omhlaba. Lapho ukungenisa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuhlala kutholakala kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwempahla, izinsizakalo, imali eyinhloko noma ukudluliswa esikhathini esithile.
Kuyimininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi buyini ubudlelwano bezohwebo balelo zwe futhi obuthola noma yisiphi isehlakalo esisho njengomkhakha womkhakha ukuthumela ngaphandle nokuthengiswa. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa okujwayele ukugeleza kwemali, njengedatha yokukhula, efakwe kuMkhiqizo Kazwelonke Omkhulu (i-GNP). Kulesi simo esivamile, lezi zikali zibonisa ukuthi isimo singaba sibi noma siphikisane nalokho okuhle.
Ibhalansi yokukhokha: izinhlobo zamabhalansi
Kunoma ikuphi, ibhalansi yezinkokhelo ihamba phambili ukukhombisa ukuthi ibhalansi kulesi sici ivuma noma ayibi. Ngamakheli ahluke ngokuphelele nokuthi sizokuchazela ngezansi.
- Insalela: kulokhu sizobe sikhuluma ngokuthi uhlobo lwebhalansi luhle yini futhi yisimo esihle kakhulu somnotho wezwe. Ngesizathu esilula sokuchaza futhi lokho kutholakala eqinisweni lokuthi imali engenayo idlula ngokucacile izindleko. Ngomphumela obaluleke kakhulu ekubalweni kwezwe.
- Ukushoda: Le yinhlangano ephikisanayo, okungukuthi, lapho izindleko zifakwa emholweni futhi lokho kungaba yingozi emnothweni walelo zwe. Ngokuvamile kuliwa nochungechunge lwezinyathelo zezomnotho inhloso yazo enkulu ukuvumela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukwenza ngcono ibhalansi yezinkokhelo ngendlela ephumelelayo nephelele.
Kunoma ikuphi, enye yezinhloso kuyo yonke imikhakha yezomnotho ukuzuza i- ibhalansi phakathi kwabo ukugwema ukungasebenzi kahle okungalimaza ngokweqile izintshisekelo zabo nokuthi imiphumela yabo ifinyelele kubantu. Ngoba uma izwe linokuthengwa okuningi kunokuthengiswa, imali kufanele ivele kwenye indawo. Ngokuvamile kuphendulwa kutshalo-mali noma ezimweni eziningi ukuthola imigqa ehlukene yemalimboleko phesheya. Ngayo yonke into ebandakanya ukusebenzisa lezi zinhlobo zokusebenza futhi ezinemiphumela kwezinye izindawo zomnotho wezwe.
Zingaki izilinganiso zokukhokha ezikhona?
Vele, uma sikhuluma ngokuthi ibhalansi yezinkokhelo iyini ngempela, asibhekiseli kwithemu ye-monolithic. Vele akunjalo kusukela kukhona ama-akhawunti amane ayinhloko nokuthi sizokuchazela yona ngendlela ecacile ukuze ukwazi ukuyiqonda kusukela kulo mzuzu kuqhubeke.
Ibhalansi yamanje ye-akhawunti: mhlawumbe yaziwa kakhulu yibo bonke futhi noma ngabe ikuphi ebhekwa njengebaluleke kakhulu ngabahlaziyi bezezimali. Ngokuyisisekelo ibhekisa kuleso esibonisa isimo sangempela sezwe noma sendawo. Igxile kakhulu emkhakheni wezinto ezingeniswa ezweni kanye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kanye nezinsizakalo. Ngalesi sizathu, akumangazi ukuthi inezinto eziningi ezitholakele futhi ngenxa yalokho, kungasungulwa ezinye izigaba ezingaba nzima kakhulu ukuzichaza ngalesi sikhathi.
Ibhalansi ye-akhawunti enkulu: yiyona ethinta ngokuyisisekelo lokho okuthiwa ukunyakaza kwenhlokodolobha. Isibonelo, noma yiluphi uhlobo losizo noma uxhaso oluvela phesheya olubuye luzwele kulezi zinhlangano zokubalwa kwemali kubhalansi yezinkokhelo.
I-akhawunti yezezimali nokushiywa
Asekhona amanye amaqembu amabili lapho kubhalanselwa khona izinkokhelo, yize empeleni zingabalulekile kangako futhi zingakuthinti ukuvela komnotho wezwe. Naphezu kwakho konke, sizobachaza kafushane kule ndatshana ngoba ingabathinta abafundi abathile.
Ibhalansi ye-akhawunti yezimali: kufaka phakathi ukusebenza kwezikweletu okwenziwa kwelinye izwe okungelona elethu. Njenganoma yiluphi uhlobo lotshalo-mali noma ukunyakaza kokubalwa kwemali okutholwe ngemikhiqizo ehlukile yezezimali. Kuyicala elithile elithinta kuphela abatshalizimali abakhulu noma osomabhizinisi.
Ukubalwa kwamaphutha nokushiywa: Inelukuluku lokwedlula zonke ngenxa yezimpawu zayo ezikhethekile kwazise noma ikuphi ukuphambuka ekubaleni kuyabhekelwa ukudalula inani lezinto ezithunyelwa ezweni nezithengwa kwamanye amazwe. Ekupheleni kosuku kungumlungisi nje ukuthola umehluko omkhulu noma omncane ongatholwa lapho kwenziwa le misebenzi yokubalwa kwemali.
Njengoba kungenzeka ubonile kulesi sigaba, kunezilinganiso eziningi zokukhokha ongazithola kuyo yonke impilo yakho yobungcweti. Esimweni ngasinye kuzoba ngokuhlukile futhi njengamanje kuzoba nguwe okufanele wazi ukuthi yini ibhalansi yezinkokhelo ezokuthinta empilweni yakho yobungcweti noma ebhizinisini elenziwa phesheya.
Ibalwa kanjani kahle?
Ngalesi sikhathi sizokhathazeka ngokuthi uyidlulisela kanjani ibhalansi yezinkokhelo ku-accounting yakho yangaphakathi futhi inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunaleyo eyedlule. Lapho kugqanyiswa khona ukuthi konke okufakiwe kwe-accounting kunerekhodi eliphindwe kabili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuhlobene ne- izinto ezingenayo kokunye izindleko. Lokhu kulula kakhulu ukukuchaza ngakho-ke akudingi iziqu ezengeziwe emiqondweni yalokhu kusebenza kwezomnotho. Ngaphandle kwamacala akhethekile walowo nalowo athintwe yilezi zinhlangano zokubalwa kwezimali.
Ukuze uyiqonde kangcono kusukela manje kuqhubeke, akukho okungcono kunokuxhumanisa ibhalansi yezinkokhelo nge-macroeconomics. Ingabe uyazibuza ukuthi siyini isizathu sale ndlela? Yebo, ngento elula njengobudlelwano obuqonde ngqo obukhona phakathi kokutshalwa kwezwe phesheya, kanye nokutshalwa kwemali okuvela kwamanye amazwe. Ngale ndlela, ibhalansi yangempela yezinkokhelo izobalwa futhi lokho kuzonquma noma yiliphi isu uhulumeni angalwenza ukuze athuthukise umnotho noma alungise noma yiziphi ezinye izehlakalo kulesi sifundo semfundo.
Yini eboniswa kule datha?
Elinye lamaphuzu afanele kakhulu yilelo elihlobene nokuhunyushwa futhi okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yamasu ahlukahlukene angangeniswa ekubaleni kwawo. Kunoma ikuphi, nangendlela elula kakhulu nefundisayo yokuchaza, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ibhalansi yezinkokhelo ikhombisa konke ukuhamba kwempahla futhi services noma imali. Kepha qaphela kakhulu ukuthi ungazilinganiseli kulezi zimpahla zezezimali ngoba kungena ezinye ezivamile, njengezinsimbi eziyigugu, izinto zokusetshenziswa nokunye okubalulekile okukhethekile.
Vele bayamangala kakhulu ukuthi izinsimbi eziyigugu (igolide, isiliva, i-platinum, njll.) Zifakiwe kulolu hlu, kepha lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ziyingxenye yesigcini sezwe. Ngesisindo esithile esibaluleke kakhulu, noma kungenjalo njengakwezinye izinkathi zomlando. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwezimpi zomhlaba ezimbili noma kuma-60s noma ama-70s ngekhulu elidlule. Lapho igolide laliyizindinganiso kwamanye amazwe afana ne-United States, Great Britain noma iFrance. Ngenqolobane ebaluleke kakhulu yale nsimbi futhi efake isandla ekwenzeni ibhalansi yezinkokhelo ezindaweni zabo.
Izici zokukhiqiza
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezinye izici zokuhlanganiswa kwayo okususelwa eqinisweni lokuthi ngokungangabazeki kungenzeka kube khona abathile abazobeka eceleni ibhalansi yezinkokhelo. Ngezici ezikhiqiza ngokuvelele, ngokwesibonelo esimweni se- imali kanye nabasebenzi. Kokubili kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe futhi lokho kusebenza kakhulu ekwakheni lo mqondo wezomnotho esisebenza ngawo kule ndatshana. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nasendaweni yokubuka eyisisekelo.
Ngoba ibhalansi yezinkokhelo ekupheleni kosuku ingaba nomthelela ezimpilweni zazo zonke izakhamizi. Ukuphetha ngokusho ukuthi “ibhalansi yezinkokhelo ikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi izwe linebhalansi yezomnotho ngokwenzuzo nangenkokhelo. I- ibhalansi okufunwa kubhalansi yezinkokhelo kunika u-zero ngenxa yalokho ”. Ngalezi zincazelo, kwesinye isikhathi eziyinkimbinkimbi, uzokwazi ukwazi kangcono ukuthi uyini lomqondo wezomnotho kusukela manje kuye phambili futhi bekuyini inhloso yethu enkulu.