Yaziwa nangokuthi "Iphiramidi lesigaba sabaphathi bezidingo zabantu" Iphiramidi likaMaslow.
U-Abraham Maslow (1908-1970), esebenzisa ukumelwa kwepiramidi, wachaza ubukhosi obungenzeka bezidingo zabantu.
Wayengusosayensi wezengqondo onethonya elingavamile ngekhulu lama-XNUMX, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yalo yesibili.
Uyaziwa ngokuba ngomunye wabamele abaphezulu kunabo bonke benhlangano yezengqondo yabantu. Okunye ukubaluleka ukuthi wayengumsunguli noma umgqugquzeli omkhulu walesi sikhathi samanje.
Kulo sosayensi, ukutholakala kanye nokufundwa kwezindaba ezihlobene nokuthuthuka komuntu ngamunye kanye nokuzibona komuntu kwakukukhathazeka.
UMaslow wayekholelwa ukuthi bonke abantu banesifiso semvelo sokuzifeza, igama elingachazwa njengokufezekiswa kwezifiso zomuntu siqu ngezindlela zakhe.
Uphakamise ukuthi umuntu azohamba ukuze azuze lokhu kuziqonda ukuze abe yilokho afuna ukuba yikho.
Umbono kaMaslow uwumsebenzi othokozisayo ohlobene nomkhakha wezengqondo lapho izidingo zabantu zibekwa khona noma zihlelwe ngendlela yokulandelana, uhlongoza ukuhleleka lapho izidingo zizokwaneliswa khona.
Njengokuphikisana nalo mbono, kungabonakala ekugcineni kweminyaka yama-50s i-psychology yokuziphatha. Kulokhu umuntu wayecatshangelwa njengomuntu ongenzi lutho, ophendula njalo ezintweni ezithile.
Ngokwengxenye yayo ukuhlolwa kwengqondo wabona umuntu njengomuntu ongenakho ukuzivikela, ebekwe ngochungechunge lwezingxabano ezingazi lutho.
Kungalesi simo nje lapho kuvela khona i-psychology yobuntu. Okuzame ukuhlanganisa lawa ma-paradigms aphawuliwe amabili, i-psychoanalysis kanye nokuziphatha, ngaleyo ndlela kwakheka i-psychology ehlelekile enesisekelo sobuciko.
Emcabangweni wakhe uMaslow ukwazile ukuhlanganisa isimilo, i-psychoanalysis ne-humanistic psychology.
Engxenyeni ephansi kakhulu yombhoshongo lezo zidingo eziyisisekelo zabantu zizotholakala, zilandelwe ezinye izinhlobo zezifiso nezidingo ezinkulu noma eziphakeme, konke ngokulandelana kukhuphuke kubheke phezulu kwephiramidi.
Ku-oda lokuqala, kuzofanele banelise izidingo zomzimba, zilandelwe ukuphepha, ukuzibandakanya, ukuqashelwa kanye nezidingo zokuzifeza, konke ngokulandelana.
Isimo sephiramidi sokumela noma sokuchaza lo mbono siyindlela enhle yokuchaza ngokunembile ubukhulu bezidingo zabantu, ngokusho kukaMaslow.
Kulula ukuyiqonda ukuze ukwazi ukunaka kuphela lezo zidingo eziphakeme noma eziphakeme uma lezo zamazinga aphansi zixazululwa.
Amandla okukhula azobe ekhiqiza ukunyuka okuphezulu kule phiramidi, ngamandla ahlehlayo azoyiphikisa futhi ayicindezele ibheke phansi.
Ukubona ngeso lengqondo lo mbono ngokushesha futhi ngamafuphi, singawufingqa kanje.
Lezo zidingo esezanelisiwe kumuntu ngeke zikwazi ukwenza noma yikuphi ukuziphatha, kuphela lezo ezinganelisekile ezizokwazi ukuthonya ngokuqinile isimilo.. Izidingo zomzimba zizozalwa nalo muntu, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokuza emhlabeni; ezinye izidingo zizovela ohambweni lwempilo.
Ukuze umuntu akwazi ukulawula lezo zidingo zohlobo oluyisisekelo, ezinye eziphakeme zizobonakala. Isidingo sokuzibona ngokwakho ngeke sibonakale kubo bonke abantu, lokhu kuzoba ukunqoba kohlobo lomuntu ngamunye.
Umjikelezo wokugqugquzela omfushane noma omncane uzodingeka ukwanelisa izidingo eziyisisekelo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwaneliseka kwezidingo eziphakeme kuzodinga umjikelezo omude.
Izinhlobo Zezidingo
Izisekelo
Lezi yilezo zidingo ezizovumela umuntu ukuthi aphile, izidingo eziyisisekelo.
Phakathi kwazo kukhona ukudla, ukuphefumula, ukusebenzisa amanzi, ukushisa okwanele komzimba, isikhathi sokulala - ukuphumula nokuqeda imfucuza yomzimba.
Ukuphepha
Ukuphepha ngokomzimba Lokho kungathinteka yimpi, umndeni noma olunye udlame, izinhlekelele zemvelo, ukungabi nendawo yokuhlala evikela isimo sezulu. Konke lokhu kubangela ukucindezeleka kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukumezayo komuntu.
Ukuphepha kwezomnotho okuthinteka enkingeni kazwelonke noma yomhlaba, ukungabi bikho kwemisebenzi.
Ukuphepha kwezinsizakusebenza, njengokuthola imfundo eyanele, ezokuhamba kanye nempilo.
Komphakathi
Leli yizinga elihlobene nemizwa, ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu, ezenhlalo, kanye nesidingo sokuba yilungu.
Ziyizidingo ezinamandla kakhulu ebuntwaneni, ezingaba zikhulu kunezidingo zokuphepha ngaleso sikhathi.
Ukushoda kuleli zinga kungaholela ekutheni kube nomthelela emandleni omuntu wokugcina ubudlelwane bezenhlalo nokwakha izibopho ezanele ezingokomzwelo. Lezi zidingo kungaba yi Ukwamukelwa komphakathi, uthando, uthando; Umndeni; Ubambe iqhazan, okungukuthi, ukufakwa kweqembu nobungane ngaphezulu Ubungani.
I-Estima
Kuzoba nezinhlobo ezimbili zezidingo zokuhlonishwa, enye ibe phezulu enye ibe phansi.. Uma lezi zidingo zingeneliseki ngokwanele, zizobe zithinta ukuzethemba komuntu, zikwazi ukudala ubunzima obubalulekile bokuphansi. Uma beneliseka ngenye indlela, kuzokwazi ukufinyelela esigabeni esilandelayo, ukuzazi.
Ukulinganisela kubalulekile ukuzethemba, kubalulekile kubantu.
IMaslow igxile ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zezidingo ngalo mqondo, ophezulu nophansi, ozoncika ebuntwini bomuntu ngamunye.
Uhlobo oluhlonishwayo oluphakeme, izobe ihambelana nesidingo sokuzihlonipha, okungukuthi, ukuzihlonipha. Lapha imizwa efana nenkululeko, ukuzethemba, impumelelo, ukuzimela phakathi kwabanye izocaca.
Ukuhlonipha okuphansi Kuzohlobene nenhlonipho yabanye abantu. Izidingo zokunakwa, ukuqashelwa, isithunzi, isithunzi, isimo, ukwazisa, udumo, udumo njll.
Ukuzazi
Leli kuzoba yizinga eliphakeme kakhulu le- iphiramidi, ukuzazi.
Leli zinga lizobhekisa kulokho okungaba khona okuphezulu komuntu, futhi ukuziqonda ngokwakho kungafinyelelwa ngokufinyelela lelo khono.
Kuzoba yisifiso sokufeza konke umuntu akwazi ukukufeza. Ungagxila noma ubone lesi sidingo ngendlela ethile. Omunye, ngokwesibonelo, angaba nesifiso esinamandla sokuba umzali ofanele. Omunye umuntu angaba nenhloso yokuba ngumsubathi osebenza kahle kakhulu, noma wokuthola impumelelo ebonakalayo kwezobuchwepheshe emkhakheni othile.
Lapho zonke ezinye izidingo sezanelisiwe, umuntu angacabanga futhi empeleni azitholele ukuzifeza, athole umuzwa oqinile wokuphila futhi athuthukise amandla umuntu akwazi ukuwenza.
Umbono kaMaslow ugxekiwe. Ngabe usasebenza namanje?
Encwadini eyashicilelwa ngo-1976 nguMahmoud A. Wahba noLawrence G. Bridwell, umbono kaMaslow wabuyekezwa kabanzi.
Laba babhali bathi bathole ubufakazi obubi bokuthi i-oda lombhoshongo elifana nalelo elichazwe yile mbono likhona ngempela. Bathi injabulo inokuningi kokuzithoba futhi izimele ngezidingo.
Futhi ngo-1984, wazichaza njengo-ethnocentric, esihlokweni esithi "Ukuhlobana kwamasiko wekhwalithi yomqondo wokuphila", ngendlela uMaslow azinikeza ngayo izidingo, engahambelani kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamasiko nomphakathi okhona, ngokusho kwe ababhali balesi sihloko. Imibono nezitatimende ezethulwayo zithathwa njengezididayo kakhulu, zenza ukuthi umbono ungabi bikho ngokwesayensi, okwenza kube nzima ukutadisha.
Olunye uhlobo lokugxekwa olutholwe ngumbono lwaluphathelene nodaba lokuthi isampula elalisetshenziswa ekuqaleni kocwaningo lwaluluncane kakhuluUkwengeza kulokhu, uMaslow ubekhetha izifundo ezithile ezizokwenza ucwaningo, okwenza ucwaningo lungabi nampumelelo.
Muva nje, olunye ucwaningo belulokhu lunikeza ukusekelwa okukodwa kwesikhundla uMaslow asiphakamisile ngaleso sikhathi.Yize kubhekwe ukuthi kunesidingo sokuthi leyo theori ivuselelwe ukuze ikwazi ukukhombisa ngendlela ebumbene nenhloso enkulu izidingo zempilo yamanje noma yesimanje.
Ngonyaka ka-2010 kwenziwa imizamo yokuthuthukisa le mbono, kushicilelwa uhlobo olusha lwayo., kufaka phakathi amazinga ayisikhombisa ngokungafani noqobo oluqukethe amazinga amahlanu kuphela.
Kulokhu, amazinga amane ayisisekelo ayafana nalawo ahlongozwe yiMaslow, yize izinguquko ezinkulu zibonakala emazingeni aphezulu. Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lenguqulo yokuqala lisusiwe, elihambelana nalokho kokuzazi.
Abanye bavumelana ngokomthetho nohlobo olubukeziwe, kepha abanye babona ubunzima ngokuqedwa kokuzenzela, bakuthatha njengesidingo esisisekelo esishukumisayo.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa kombono
Yize iqiniso lokuthi umbono kaMaslow wePiramidi ugxekiwe futhi kutholakala ukuphikisana okuthile kuwo, kuyiqiniso ukuthi bekubaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezengqondo, futhi ubaluleke kakhulu kweminye imikhakha efana nokumaketha, ezemidlalo noma imfundo.
Kulo mkhakha wokugcina, ofundisayo, lo mbono ungasetshenziswa lapho ufunda ingane ngezimfanelo zayo ezingokomzwelo, zomzimba nezenhlalo; kusebenza ngokuphelele. Ngokwethula umfundi ngezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zokufunda, kungenzeka ukuthi ahlaziye futhi asondele odabeni aqale enkingeni yezidingo eziyisisekelo ezingaze zivele ekhaya.
Ezindabeni eziphathelene nokumaketha kanye nasenkambeni yebhizinisi, lethiyori ingasetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa izidingo ezinganikezwa yimikhiqizo ethile, ukwenza lula ukutadisha amanani abo, njll.
Emisebenzini yabantu kukhona nokufaka isicelo, ukuhlola izidingo zamaqembu abasebenzi.
Uma kuqondwa kahle ukuthi ungazanelisa kanjani lezi zidingo, kukholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kudwetshwe amasu okukhulisa umkhiqizo futhi ngokuvamile kutholakale ukuthuthuka nokwenza kahle endaweni yokusebenza ekhona endaweni enikeziwe.