Esontweni lokugcina likaSepthemba, amanani entengo engahluziwe akhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-20% (Brent) kanye no-17% (eNtshonalanga Texas) ngemuva kwemizuzu yokuqala yokuhweba kwi-International Petroleum Exchange (IPE) eLondon. Ngemuva kokuthi iSaudi Arabia, umkhiqizi wesibili ngobukhulu begolide elimnyama emhlabeni, ememezele ukwehliswa kokukhiqizwa kwenkampani kawoyela yaseSaudi i-Aramco ngama-50% ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwamavukelambuso ase-Yemeni Houthi abhekane nezindawo zawo zokuhluza eziyinhloko ezimbili. Futhi babeke abatshalizimali enkabeni yesithakazelo ekuhwebeni emakethe yamasheya emizameni yabo yokwenza imali yabo izuze esikhathini esifushane.
Ngalo mqondo, intengo kawoyela ongahluziwe njengamanje inendawo yokusekelwa ebangeni lama-68-74 amadola umphongolo, ngenkathi njengokumelana sinesiqondiso esidlulayo ngaphezulu kwama-dollar ayi-80. Yize sikwazi ukukhuluma ngoshintsho olungaba khona kuthrendi sidinga inani ukweqa ngaphezu kwalokhu kumelana kokugcina. Ukungabi kude kakhulu nayo njengomphumela we-rebound yakamuva yale nto eluhlaza. Ukufika lapho ingaphansi kuka-10% ekucushweni kwamanani ayo.
Uma lesi simo sokugcina senzekile, akungabazeki ukuthi amathuba amasha namabhizinisi abalulekile avele. Imelwe ezinye zezinkampani zikawoyela ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni, njengasendabeni ethile ye I-Repsol, i-Exxon ne-BP. Lezi yizinketho ezintathu ezingaba mnandi kakhulu uma intengo yegolide elimnyama iqhuma ezinsukwini ezizayo ngenxa yanoma isiphi isimo. Kepha bangenza kangcono kunamanye amanani kusukela manje kuqhubeke, inqobo nje uma kuhambisana nokukhuphuka kwentengo engahluziwe.
I-Repsol, i-Exxon ne-BP: amandla
Enye yezinto okufanele icatshangelwe mayelana nalezi zimiso zomkhakha kawoyela ukuthi azisekho kulayini ojwayelekile webhizinisi. Uma kungenjalo, kunalokho, bakhetha amamodeli avuselelekayo ukuzivumelanisa nezikhathi ezintsha. Lesi sici ngandlela thile singakusiza ukuthi uthuthukise isilinganiso sakho sentengo. esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, bangakhawulela ukukhuphuka uma kwenzeka ukukhuphuka okumangazayo kwentengo yegolide elimnyama. Kuyisikhali semidlalo emibili lapho abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi kuzodingeka baphile nabo kusukela ngonyaka ozayo.
Esinye isici okufanele silinganiswe eRepsol, Exxon naseBP ukuthi bebelokhu begcina ngaphansi kwebanga lentengo elinganiselwe kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokwesaba njengoba nje kwakujwayelekile kwezinye izikhathi zomlando. Ngamanye amagama, baletha izinga eliphansi lokungazinzi futhi lokhu kuyizindaba ezinhle njalo ngezintshisekelo zabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Okungenani lezo ezihlinzeka ngezikhathi ezinde zokuhlala unomphela ekutshalweni kwazo futhi lokho yilokho abasebenzisela khona amasu abo okutshala imali. Ngalo mqondo, ukulahlekelwa okuncane kakhulu kungalindeleka kunakwiminye iminyaka.
Hlukanisa iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali
Inhloso yokufaka lezi ziphephelo kwiphothifoliyo elandelayo yokutshala izimali iseqinisweni lokuthi ukulahlekelwa komcamelo lokho kungakhiqizwa kusuka ezikhundleni zabo. Singakhetha lokhu kuvikeleka komkhakha oxhunyaniswe no-oyela ongahluziwe kanye nezinye iziphakamiso ezimakethe zezimali ukuzama ukwehlukanisa utshalomali. Lokho wukuthi, ukuzivikela ekunyakazeni okungafuneki emakethe yamasheya nokuthi ngaphandle kokungabaza kungafika ezinsukwini ezimbalwa noma emasontweni alandelayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ungatshali imali kwezokuphepha okukodwa, kepha kunalokho, kungcono ukwenza ubhasikidi okhangayo wamasheya ahambisana. Okusho ukuthi, awaveli emkhakheni ofanayo wemakethe yamasheya, kodwa avela kokuningana nangohlobo oluhlukile.
Ngokwalo mongo ojwayelekile, iRepsol, iExxon neBP kungaba iziphakamiso ezifanele kakhulu ezinikezwe ukuthi kungenzeka intengo kawoyela iye emazingeni aphezulu we $ 90 umgqomo. Kunganikeza umfutho omkhulu iphothifoliyo yethu yokutshala imali, noma ngabe ubungozi ekusebenzeni buphakeme kancane. Kepha kufanele uzame ngoba lokhu kuyimpahla yezezimali okufanele ubekwe kuyo kusuka manje kuqhubeke. Ngenxa yamandla okukhula anakho futhi lokho kuphakeme kunezinye izimpahla zezezimali. Njengoba bekulokhu kungokwesiko eminyakeni yamuva nje, njengoba ubona kuzintengo zayo zomlando.
Izinkampani zikawoyela ezinama-geolocations
Akungabazeki ukuthi i-trio ye-Repsol, i-Exxon neBP ingumbono omuhle webhizinisi, okungenani ngokomthetho. Kepha kufanele ihambisane nezinye iziphakamiso ezingaba nenzuzo enkulu kusuka manje. Enye yazo ivela ekuvikelekeni okusabalalisa izinzuzo phakathi kwabaninimasheya abanomusa kakhulu, ngama-ratios ahamba ebangeni elihambayo 5% kuya ku-8%. Ukuze ngale ndlela, ngokutshalwa kwemali okuphakathi kwama-euro ayi-10.000, inani lenzalo lama-euro angama-600 ngonyaka lingatholakala futhi liqinisekiswe. Ukuthi basebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukulahleka okungenzeka kube khona kutshalo-mali.
Elinye isu lizosuselwa ekukhombeni amanani we-cutoff wokuzivikela ngaphezulu ukuthi bangaqhubeka nendima yamanani okuphephela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ezimakethe zezimali. Ngokuvikelwa okukhulu ezikhundleni zethu emakethe yamasheya futhi lokho ngokungangabazeki kuzonikeza ukuphepha okukhulu enhlokodolobha yethu esitshalile. Akumangazi-ke ukuthi yizo ezinikezela njengamanje ukungazinzi okuncane ngokuyahluka phakathi kwamanani aphezulu kanye namanani aphansi. Ngaphandle kwenzuzo abangayinikeza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, futhi lokho kungaphakama noma kwehle ngokuya ngokuhlukahluka okuningi kwemakethe yamasheya.
Inkampani kawoyela kazwelonke noma yomhlaba
Esinye sezihluthulelo sokwenza ukuthengwa kwamasheya kube semthethweni ngabathathu abenziwe yiRepsol, iExxon neBP ukwazi futhi sicacise ngokufunayo. Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sikhetha izinkampani zikawoyela ezisendaweni eseduzane noma uma, kunalokho, sizisekela ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba. Kunamasu amabili, womabili asebenzayo, asebenza ngokuphelele kusuka manje nokuthi iphrofayili yethu kuphela njengabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abazothola isisombululo esifanele ekukhetheni ukutshala imali emakethe yamasheya. Yize ukwazi ukuthi zonke zingumthombo wesethenjwa emkhakheni wegolide omnyama.
Mayelana nalokhu, futhi maqondana neRepsol, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nkampani nabalingani bayo Baqale ukukhiqiza uwoyela eBuckskin, insimu enamanzi ajulile e-US Gulf of Mexico. Ukukhiqizwa kokuqala, obekuhlelelwe ukuphela konyaka, sekuthuthuke ezinyangeni ezimbalwa futhi ifinyelela emiphongolweni ka-30.000 kawoyela ngosuku. Kule phrojekthi iRepsol kanye nabalingani bayo bathole ukwehliswa kwezindleko okungama-60% uma kuqhathaniswa nohlelo lokuqala lwentuthuko. Kungaba esinye isizathu sokuthatha izikhundla eRepsol kulimaze abancintisana nabo kulo mkhakha wezamandla.
Uphi uwoyela?
Lo ngumbuzo wamarandi ayisigidi wengxenye enkulu yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi kusukela kususelwa kule datha, izikhundla zizothathwa noma ngeke zithathwe kwezinye zezokuphepha okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla. Izilinganiso ziphakamisa ukuthi ngesikhathi esifushane bazokwazi ukwenza lokho ngaphezu kwama- $ 85 emgqonyeni. Ukube bekunje, akukho kungabaza ukuthi kuzoba umsebenzi onenzuzo enkulu esikhathini esifushane naphakathi. Ngethuba langempela lokuthola inzuzo ngokuhamba phakathi kuka-10% no-20%. Imayelana nenzuzo ngaphezulu kwamanani amaningi afanele kakhulu wezinkomba eziyinhloko zemakethe yamasheya, eSpain nangaphandle kwemingcele yethu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, noma yini engahluziwe engaphansi kwama- $ 60 kungaba izindaba ezimbi kakhulu kubatshalizimali. Hhayi kuphela ngoba ngeke bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ibe nenzuzo, kepha ngokuphambene nalokho bangawela ekulahlekelweni kuphothifoliyo yabo yokutshala imali. Ngokwalokhu kubuka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi kwenzekani ngoyela ongahluziwe ukwazi ukuthi yisiphi isikhundla okufanele sisithathe kulezi zikhathi eziqondile. Lapho sonke sazi ukuthi ukuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya emakethe yamasheya yiyona inketho ekhethiwe ngengxenye enhle yabatshalizimali ukwenza ukonga kwabo kube nenzuzo. Kepha kulokhu ikakhulukazi, siphawula isixhumanisi esikhulu lezi zinkampani ezibalwe kuzo ezinokuvela kwalokhu okubalulekile okwenziwe kwamanye amazwe.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukwehlukanisa phakathi kokutshalwa kwemali okuhloswe ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu nalezo okuhloswe ngazo imigomo emide yokuhlala unomphela. Uma kunjalo, zizodinga ukwelashwa okuhluke kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni. Ngenxa yokungazinzi okukhulu okukhonjiswe eminyakeni yamuva yile mpahla yezezimali enesidingo esikhulu emphakathini nokuthi ngezinga elincane noma elikhulu kunganquma inzuzo yayo elandelayo. Emkhakheni osebenza kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Izilinganiso ziphakamisa ukuthi ngesikhathi esifushane bazokwazi ukwenza lokho ngaphezu kwama- $ 85 emgqonyeni.