Uma kukhona idatha ekhethekile emnothweni okungeyona enye ngaphandle kwe-CPI. Kepha uyazi ngempela ukuthi iyini? Yebo, kuyinkomba yentengo yabathengi futhi yiyo ekhombisa ukuthi ifayili le- i-thermometer komnotho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngokuyisisekelo kukala izindleko zokuphila ngezinsizakalo nemikhiqizo eyenza ukusetshenziswa kukazwelonke. Kusuka ekudleni kuya entengo kaphethiloli, ngamanani ezinsizakalo zikagesi zasendlini nezimboni. Ukufika lapho ukuthi njalo uma idatha yabo ishicilelwa bahlolisiswa ngabasebenzeli bezomnotho nabezimali.
I-CPI iyinkomba eqhubekela ekukhuphukeni kwamaphoyinti futhi isetshenziselwa ukwakha amaholo abasebenzi. Akumangalisi ukuthi ziyabuyekezwa ngokususelwa kunkomba yenani labathengi. Yize futhi kungenye enye imali engenayo, njengezimpesheni, usizo lwabangasebenzi noma ezinye izinhlobo zoxhaso lukahulumeni. Hhayi ize, kuvame kakhulu ukuthi ukunquma impesheni yabantu abathathe umhlalaphansi eSpain kukhuliswa ngokususelwa kule parameter yezomnotho. Ngisho nangesikhathi sokuxoxisana kabusha ngezivumelwano ezihlangene zomkhakha ngamunye wobuchwepheshe.
Mayelana namasheya, izehlakalo zawo ziphansi kakhulu. Ngokuhambisana okuncane kwikhotheshini yamanani wezinkomba zemakethe yamasheya. Kodwa-ke, inakho ukulungiselela inqubomgomo yezimali yohulumeni. Njengoba benza njalo emihlanganweni ye-United States Federal Reserve (FED) ne-European Central Bank (ECB). Kufike ezingeni lokuthi babheke ukuthi ukwehla kwamandla emali kukwehlisa noma ukukhuphula inzalo kangakanani. Futhi lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuguqukeni kwezimakethe zokulingana. Ngomqondo owodwa noma omunye, futhi lokho kunquma ukuthi ekugcineni kuthengwa noma ukuthengiswa kubekwa ngokuya ngezinqumo ezenziwe yimigwamanda elawulayo.
Iyini i-CPI ephezulu?
Lapho amaphesenti alo ephezulu kakhulu, kuwuphawu olucacile lokuthi amanani wabathengi ayakhula. Ngokuvamile njengesibonakaliso sokuthi kukhona ukukhula okucacile emnothweni. Yize kungenjalo kuzo zonke izimo kuvame ukuqondana, njengoba kunjalo esimweni esithile se-deflation futhi esizokhuluma kakhulu kuso kwesinye isihloko. Yebo, bakhona abanye osomnotho abaxhumanisa ukwehla kwamandla emali ngokulingene kanye nokuziphendukela komnotho okunempilo. Inkomba yentengo yabathengi ivame ukuhamba ebangeni eliphakathi kuka-1% no-4%.
Ngaphandle kwale migqa, kukhombisa ukuthi kunokungalingani okukhulu ekwakhiweni kwamanani entengo. Ngomqondo owodwa noma omunye nokuthi ohulumeni balwela uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezithile zezomnotho ezingathinta abathengi. Njengoba kwenzekile ngokwesiko emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akunakulibaleka ukuthi inkomba yentengo yabathengi ibhentshimakhi ebalulekile yokunquma.
Kuyini ukwehla kwamandla emali eSpain?
Mayelana nalesi sici, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka ukuthi impilo ibiza kangakanani ezweni lethu. Yebo, ngalo mqondo, isilinganiso sonyaka se-Consumer Price Index (CPI) yonyaka kaDisemba singu-1,1%, okuyisithupha kweshumi kokungaphansi kwaleso esibhaliswe ngenyanga edlule, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva ekhonjiswe yi-Institute National Statistics Office (INE). Mayelana namaqembu anethonya elibi avele ekwehleni kwezinga lonyaka yilokhu okulandelayo:
- Ezokuthutha, ezinciphise ukwehluka kwazo konyaka ngamaphuzu angaphezu kweyodwa nohhafu kuya ku-1,9%, ngenxa yokuthi amanani kaphethiloli enyuke kancane kule nyanga kunangenyanga efanayo yango-2016.
- Ezezindlu, isilinganiso sazo sehla ngaphezu kwephuzu elilodwa kuya ku-1,3%, ngenxa yokuthi ukunyuka kwamanani kagesi ngoDisemba 2017 kungaphansi kwalokhu okubhalisiwe ngonyaka odlule. Futhi kunomthelela, yize ngezinga elincane, ukwehla kwamanani kawoyela wokushisa, uma kuqhathaniswa nokwanda ngoDisemba 2016.
- Ezokungcebeleka namasiko, okuhlukahluka minyaka yonke okungu-? 0,6%, acishe abe ngamaphuzu amabili kunalawo kaNovemba, ngenxa yokwenyuka kwamanani wamaphakeji ezokuvakasha kule nyanga, angaphansi kuka-2016.
- Ukudla neziphuzo ezingezona iziphuzo ezidakayo, izinga lazo lehle kwaba yishumi eshumini, laya ku-1,7%. Okuqaphelekayo kulokhu kuguqukela kwamanani entengo yezithelo, kukhulu kunalokho okubhaliswe ngonyaka ka-2016. Kubuye kube nomthelela, nakuba kuncane, ukuthi amanani entengo yemidumba nemifino enyuke kule nyanga ngaphansi kukaDisemba 2016.
Ngokwengxenye yalo, iqembu elinethonya elihle kakhulu yilezi: okokugqoka nezicathulo, okwethule isilinganiso esingu-0,5%, esisodwa eshumini ngaphezulu kunangenyanga eyedlule, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuthi amanani ezimpahla ehle kule nyanga ngaphansi kuka 2016.
Izintengo Zomthengi Ezihlanganisiwe
Okunye ukwehla kwamandla emali kumelwe yi-Harmonized Consumer Price Index (HICP). NgoDisemba, izinga lokwehluka konyaka le-HICP limi ku-1,2%. Noma yini efanayo, okuyishumi nesithupha ngezansi okubhaliswe ngenyanga edlule. Ukuhluka nyangazonke kwe-HICP ekugcineni kungu-0,0%. Lokho kusho ukuthi, kucabalele, akunakuhluka esinqumweni sayo maqondana nezilinganiso ezisemthethweni zangaphambilini.
Kwesinye isinyathelo ngaphakathi kwale pharamitha yezomnotho kukhona izinkomba Zamanani Abathengi Kwezentela Ezihlala Zikhona. Yebo, ngenyanga kaDisemba izinga lokwehluka kwaminyaka yonke le-CPI eConstant Taxes (CPI-IC) limi ku-1,1%, ngokufana nalokho okubhaliswe yi-CPI ejwayelekile. Izinga lokuhluka nyangazonke le-CPI-IC lingu-0,0%, njengefomethi yangaphambilini esilinganisweni futhi ngaphandle komehluko ekuchezukeni. Ngokwengxenye yayo, i-HICP eConstant Taxes (IPCA-IC) iveza isilinganiso sonyaka esingu-1,2%, esifana ncamashi neso se-HICP. Ngenkathi izinga lokuhluka nyangazonke le-HICP-IC, njengakwezinye izimo ezedlule, lingatholi nezinguquko, njengoba likhona ku-0,0%.
Imiphumela ngeCC AA
Kunoma ikuphi, embikweni wayo wakamuva, inkomba yamanani abathengi inikeza ukwahluka okuphawuleka kakhulu kusuka komunye umphakathi ozimele kuya komunye, okukhomba izindleko ezenyukile zempilo kuzo zonke izingxenye zejografi kazwelonke. Kulesi simo esivamile, izinga lonyaka le-CPI lehla kuyo yonke imiphakathi ezimele ngoDisemba uma kuqhathaniswa noNovemba. Ukwehla okukhulu kwenzeka eLa Rioja, e-Aragon, eCastilla y León naseCatalonia, ngokuncipha kweshumi nesishiyagalombili kokwokuqala, kanye nokwesikhombisa kokuyishumi kokunye. Ngokwengxenye yayo, iComunidad de Madrid ingumphakathi owehlise okungenani isilinganiso sonyaka sonyaka, ngokuncipha kokuthathu kokuyishumi.
Kweminye imiphumela ethathwa njengejwayelekile futhi ngokungafani nhlobo ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zaseSpain. Yize isimo esethulwe yi-Autonomous Community of Madrid, esigcina ithoni enhle ekwehleni kwamandla emali ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula, sihlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nezinye izindawo, kulapho umsebenzi webhizinisi ubonakala njengakule ndawo. Lesi yisici esiphindaphindwa kaningi kakhulu ezindlunkulu ezinkulu zezwekazi elidala. Hhayi eMadrid kuphela, kodwa nasemadolobheni amakhulu aseYurophu. Isibonelo, iParis, iLondon, iBerlin noma iBerlin, phakathi kwezinye ezifanele kakhulu.
Izici zokubaluleka kukwehla kwamandla emali
Kunoma ikuphi, inkomba yamanani wabathengi akuyona enye yedatha ebaluleke kakhulu ezimakethe zezimali. Okungenani uma kukhulunywa ngezincazelo zalo eziqonde kakhulu. Enye into ehluke kakhulu kulapho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla emali kusetshenziselwa ukucacisa inqubomgomo yezimali noma isu ezweni noma endaweni yezomnotho. Yebo-ke, abatshalizimali babheka amaphesenti athulwe yi-IPC futhi kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi ungaphambuka ukuthambekela kwamanani, ngendlela eyodwa noma kwenye. Ngaphandle kwemihlahlandlela ye-bullish noma ye-bearish emaka kuze kufike lezo zikhathi eziqondile.
Esinye sezici ezifanele kakhulu zokwehla kwamandla emali ukuthi kuthathwa njengendawo yokubhekisa ekukhuphuleni noma ekwehliseni inzalo. Lokhu kuyinto eyenzeka e-United States kanye nase-European Union, njengoba sibonile eminyakeni yamuva ngezinqumo ezenziwe yi-Federal Reserve (FED9, kanye ne-European Central Bank (ECB). kusalindile, izimakethe kuphela, kuze kube seqophelweni lokukunikeza umkhondo ongaphezu kowodwa wokuthi izimali zingashintsha kuphi kusukela manje.
Ngoba ngalo mqondo, ukwehla kwamandla emali sekubaluleke kakhulu kunezinye izikhathi emlandweni. Futhi wena uqobo ungasizakala ngalezi zinhlangano ukwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo ngeziqinisekiso ezinkulu zempumelelo. Ukufika esiphethweni sokuthi i-CPI akuyona nje enye ingxenye yolwazi, kodwa ingenye yalabo abanomthelela empilweni yakho yansuku zonke. Kungakusiza noma kukulimaze ukwenza imali emakethe yamasheya.