Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi inkomba ekhethiwe yamasheya aseSpain, i-Ibex 35, isengaphezulu kokusekelwa okubalulekile enakho Amaphuzu we-9.000 Kunezaziso eziningana mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini ngonyaka ozayo. Futhi ngalo mqondo, izindaba azikhuthazi kakhulu ezithakazelweni zabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Uma kunesikhathi lapho kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile ngokuhweba emakethe yamasheya, leso yiso samanje. Lapho noma yikuphi ukubalwa noma iphutha ekuhambeni okuvulekile kungasilahlekisela ama-euro amaningi, njengoba kwenzekile kwezinye izikhathi zomlando.
Akukhona nje ukuba khona kwe- ukwehla kwamandla omnotho okusha. Uma kungenjalo, nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo noma idatha engakhombisa ukuthi okungcono kakhulu esingakwenza ngalesi sikhathi ukuphuma ezimakethe zokulingana, kuzwelonke nangaphandle kwemingcele yethu. Ngoba siyesaba ukuthi lapho lokhu kwehla kwenzeka, imakethe yamasheya ingaba nohambo olude olwehlayo. Okungaphezulu kakhulu kwabatshalizimali abaningi abathengisayo abangacabanga. Ngengcuphe yangempela yokuthi i-Ibex 35 ingaya emazingeni amaphuzu angama-7.000 noma aphansi.
Ukuze kungabibikho muntu obanjwa isimanga, sizodalula ezinye zezimpawu ezisingathwa ezimakethe zezimali. Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, akungabazeki ukuthi izimakethe zezimali ezihlinzeka ngezimali zinikela ngobuthakathaka obuningi kulezi zinsuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngeke kulibaleke ukuthi imakethe yamasheya yaseSpain ibilokhu ikhula iminyaka eminingi. Cishe ngaphandle kokukhetha kusukela ngo-2013 futhi kungabi namakhefu ngokuvumelana namanani abo. Yize ama-maximums ayo engadluli emaphuzu ayi-10.000 futhi ekude kakhulu namaphoyinti asevele anomlando ayi-13.000. Lapho ukonga kube nenzuzo ngempumelelo enkulu kuneminye imikhiqizo yezezimali noma yasebhange.
Imakethe yamasheya yaseSpain: ukunciphisa kwe-GDP
Isaziso sokuqala sinikezwe lezi zinsuku yiBhange laseSpain selokhu laveza ukuthi iGross Domestic Product (GDP) izokhuphuka ngo-2% ngo-2019, okuyisibalo esiphikisana ne-2,4% esakhonjiswa yiBdE uqobo ngoJuni. Lokhu kusebenza kusho ukuthi esikhathini esifushane kakhulu bekube khona kwehlise ukulinganiselwa kwayo ngezine kwezishumi. Lokhu ukubuyekeza okubaluleke kakhulu futhi kukhombisa ukubaluleka kwale datha. Yize okwamanje ingazange ibe nomthelela ezimakethe zezimali. Enye into ehluke kakhulu yilokho okungenzeka emasontweni ambalwa noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
Vele isephulelo dIGross Domestic Product (GDP) akuzona izindaba ezimnandi ngentshisekelo yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Kusukela kungekudala noma nini kuzobonakala kudatha yezinkampani ezibalulwe uqobo. Ngokuwa okubonakalayo kwenzuzo yabo futhi lokho kuzodinga ukulungiswa okukhulu ekucushweni kwamanani. Kulokhu, kuye phansi, yize kungaziwa ukuthi kunjani lapho kuhamba khona lokhu kuhamba. Ngaphakathi kwalesi simo jikelele, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi i-GDP yi-thermometer ukuthola ukuthi kuzoba yini ukuvela ezimakethe zezimali.
Ubuhlongandlebe buphinda buqine
Mhlawumbe le ngenye yemingcele ethembeke kakhulu yokunquma ukuthi imakethe yamasheya izokwehla noma cha ezinyangeni ezizayo. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, ngoba kukhombisa isimo somnotho wezwe. Yebo, kulezi zinsuku kuyaziwa ukuthi ubugebengu bamakhasimende aseSpain buyanda futhi lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi ukwehla komnotho ingaqina kunalokho obekulindelwe ngabahlaziyi bezezimali. Akumangalisi ukuthi lolu lwazi olubalulekile yilona olwaxwayisa ngalokho okwakuzokwenzeka ngo-2008. Ngoba kumane kusho ukuthi amakhasimende anezinkinga ezithile ekukhokheni izikweletu zawo ezikhungweni zezikweletu.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi izinto azihambi kahle phakathi komphakathi, ngokombono wezomnotho. Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esisobala sokuthi umnotho uzoba muncu ezinyangeni ezizayo futhi yilokhu okusitshela khona emasontweni edlule. Futhi ulindele ukwehla kwenzuzo yezinkampani ezibalwe kumasheya. Ngokusebenzisa isibalo ebesikhula kancane kancane kusukela ngonyaka owedlule. Ngomphumela omkhulu ezimakethe zezezimali, njengoba kunengqondo ukuqonda nencazelo yawo.
Inzuzo ihamba kancane
Yisinye futhi isixwayiso kumatilosi ngalokho okungenzeka kusuka manje kuqhubeke. Ngoba sihlaziya ngokuphelele isimo sangempela sezinkampani ezithengiswa esidlangalaleni. Ngezinga elingasebenza ngalo ama-akhawunti ebhizinisi ezindawo zokuhlala ezilandelayo bese ulungisa intengo abacashunwe ngayo okwamanje. Kuyiqiniso elisha ukuthi abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi ngokungangabazeki kuzofanele bacabange ngalo kusukela manje. Akujwayelekile ukuthi bahlehlise izikhundla zabo ngenxa yokulahleka kwenani lamasheya alezi zinkampani. Akukho lutho oluzoba khona eminyakeni yamuva.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukwehla kwezomnotho kubangela inzuzo yezinkampani ezimakethe eziqhubekayo zaseSpain ukwehla kancane kancane futhi kusukela ekupheleni konyaka odlule. Kulokho okuyiqiniso okungeke kunganakwa yingxenye enhle yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngoba empeleni, kungenzeka ukuthi ngonyaka ozayo intengo yayo izolungiswa kakhulu. Ngamanye amagama, izindaba ezinhle kubatshalizimali okwamanje abangamanzi ngokuphelele. Futhi kubi impela uma utshalelwe ukuthi ufika nini lo mzuzu ongaqala.
Ukulungiswa kokudlulele
Vele, ukweqiwa kwemali yamasheya aseSpain kuzodingeka kulungiswe ngokushesha kunokuba kubonakale futhi kubonakala sengathi siphambi kwesiphakamiso salesi simo esisha ebudlelwaneni bethu nezwe lemali eliyinkimbinkimbi njalo. Kusukela ngo-2013 imakethe yamasheya yaseSpain akayekile ukukhuphuka, ngaphandle kokuhlukile okungajwayelekile njengokukhiqizwe ngonyaka owedlule. Leli qiniso lingadala ukuwa emakethe yamasheya ukuthi kube namandla kakhulu kunokujwayelekile kulezi zimo. Ngoba empeleni, lokhu kungaba isigaba sokuphendula ekukhuphukeni kwakamuva okwenziwe ezimakethe zezimali, kuzwelonke nangaphandle kwemingcele yethu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi akukho lutho olukhuphuka unomphela, ikakhulu ezimakethe zamasheya. Cishe iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili yokwenyuka iyisikhathi esihlukile kubatshalizimali futhi esingakaze sibonakale isikhathi eside. Ngamanye amagama, bekungeke kube idrama uma imakethe yamasheya yaseSpain ilahlekelwa yi-10% noma i-20% yenani layo lamanje. Kungabhekwa ngaphezu kwanoma yini ukulungiswa kokufika ngesikhathi kokudlulele okwedlule futhi ngalo mqondo kufanele ukuqonde lokhu kuhamba ezimakethe zezimali. Okunye okuhluke kakhulu ukuthi i-Ibex 35 ingaqhubekela phambili kunamazinga wamaphoyinti angama-7.000 nokuthi kulokhu izotolikwa njengento ebucayi kakhulu.
Khulisa ukungazinzi
Esinye sezici ezivamile zalesi simo ezimakethe zamasheya ukuthi kukhona ukungazinzi okukhulu ekucushweni kwamanani. Ngokwehlukahluka okungabaluleka kakhulu phakathi kwezintengo eziphakeme nezincane. Ngokwehluka okungakwazi ngokuphelele yeqa amazinga angama-3% futhi nangamaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu. Yize zilusizo kakhulu emisebenzini yokuhweba noma ngosuku olufanayo. Lapho kubalulekile khona ukulungisa amanani entengo nokuthengisa kahle kakhulu, ngaphezu kolunye uchungechunge lwezinto zobuchwepheshe. Kunoma ikuphi, kunzima kakhulu ukuqondisa ukusebenza esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside ngenxa yokuthi izingozi ziphakeme kakhulu kunangemigomo emide.
Esinye isici okufanele sibhekwe kusukela manje kuqhubeke yilokho okuphathelene namanani wemisebenzi eyenziwa emakethe yamasheya. Kufanele babe ngokulingene kakhulu kunamanje. Ikakhulukazi inikezwe ubungozi obusobala bokubanjwa esimweni esingathandeki neze kwizintshisekelo zabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi naphakathi. Kuyadingeka ukulindela izindleko ezizotholakala ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni ezayo. Isibonelo, izibopho zentela, izintambo zesikweletu ezingakhokhiwe noma ukukhokhwa kwezikweletu zasendlini (ugesi, amanzi, igesi, njll.). Akumangalisi ukuthi ungaba nezinye izimanga ezingezinhle ngalesi sikhathi.
Yize ekugcineni, kufanele futhi kwaziswe ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha ukuphepha ketshezi okuvumela ukuthi ungene futhi uphume ezikhundleni emakethe yamasheya ngesikhathi osifunayo. Ngalo mqondo, cishe wonke amalungu e-Ibex 35 akunikeza leli thuba njengoba kuyizibambiso zemali ephezulu kakhulu. Bahambisa izihloko eziningi nsuku zonke nasemazingeni okufanele abekwe njengalungele ingxenye enkulu yabatshalizimali.