Amandla aluhlaza, avuselelekayo asuke ekubeni yi-utopia aya kwesinye seziphakamiso ezinenzuzo enkulu ezimakethe zezimali. Hhayi ukuthi yibo ikusasa ekuhwebaneni kwamasheya kwamazwe omhlabaUma kungenjalo, kunalokho, sebekhona manje, njengoba sekubonile kulo nyaka osuzophela. Isukile ekubeni wutshalo-zimali oluyinsalela isibe ngumlingisi oyiqiniso wamaphothifoliyo amaningi abatshalizimali esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside. Lapho ukulwa nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kungazuzisa khona manje.
Umkhakha wamandla ahlanzekile usuvele ubekwe ku-radar yengxenye enhle yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi nendawo futhi lo mkhuba ungaqiniswa ngonyaka we-2020. izinkampani ezintsha kuhlanganiswe kulo mkhakha ochumayo oseqalile ukuqala ukuhweba ezimakethe zokulingana emhlabeni jikelele. Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye zezinkampani ezibalwe kakhulu ezibalwe ku-Ibex 35 zithathe isinqumo sokubhekisa amehlo azo emkhakheni wezamandla ahlanzekile. Njengethuba lebhizinisi elivulwa kulo nyaka wemakethe yamasheya omusha esesizoqala ngalo.
Imikhakha yendabuko ezimakethe zokulingana ivikelekile ngokungenzeka kokungahle kuvuseleleke. Futhi izikhathi eziningi ibhizinisi emakethe yamasheya esivuna ukuhamba ngomkhuba. Kufika eqophelweni lokuthi okwamanje banamandla wokubuyekeza afanelekile futhi ezimweni eziningi angaphansi kwamadijithi aphindwe kabili. Kulokho okuyindlela ecacile yokutshala imali yokwenza imali etholakalayo izuze ngalezi zikhathi eziqondile. Okusha kungahle kuthakazelise ukutshala imali kunezinkampani ezijwayelekile noma ezijwayelekile ezifakiwe enkombeni ekhethiwe yezimali ezweni lethu.
Ukuvuselelwa okusohlwini
IGrenergy, i-Audax, iSolaria kanye neSolarpack yizona zitoko ezimele kakhulu kulo mkhakha emakethe yamasheya aseSpain. Kepha ngenani elengeziwe lokuthi baqede i-2019 ngokubuyekeza kwabo okuhle, futhi kwezinye izimo ezithile ngokubonga okukhulu ekulinganisweni kwabo. Yize ngokusho kombiko wakamuva webhange lase-US uGoldman Sachs, phakathi kuka-70% no-80% wabakhiqizi bamandla amasha avuselelekayo aphakathi nendawo noma amancane. Ngamanye amagama, azikabi izinkampani ezinkulu futhi azikho ohlwini lwe-Ibex 35. Kodwa ukukhula kwazo okucacile kungabaluleka kakhulu kusukela manje kuye phambili nasekutshalweni kwemali eminyakeni ezayo.
Lezi yizinkampani ezincane neziphakathi nendawo ezivame ukuholwa yilokho abakulindeleyo ezimakethe zezimali kunokuba kube yiqiniso ngama-akhawunti abo ebhizinisi. Ngokwalo mbono, zinamandla amakhulu wokubuyekeza, ezimweni eziningi edlula amazinga angaphezu kwe-10%. Yize uma usephothifoliyo yokutshala imali yabathengisi abakhulu noma abalamuli bezezimali. Kunoma ikuphi, azifakiwe enkombeni ekhethiwe yemali engenayo kazwelonke, i-Ibex 35. Uma kungenjalo, kunalokho, zibhalwe emakethe kazwelonke eqhubekayo njengengxenye enhle yezinkampani ezibalwe ezweni lethu. Ngekusasa elithembisa ukuthakazelisa kakhulu kubatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi.
Izinkampani ezikhomba ukuvuselelwa
Kunoma ikuphi, kunezinkampani ezinkulu ze-Ibex 35 ezikhetha nalo mugqa webhizinisi. Lapho kuvela khona ingxenye enhle yezinkampani zikagesi kanye ne-Acciona nokuthi yini ebangela ukuthi banyuse amanani abo. Ngokwazisa okukhulu ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula ngenxa yokuzibophezela kwayo ngokuqinile emandleni avuselelekayo nokuthi ihlinzeka ngenkuthazo entsha yokuthatha izikhundla kuleli banga lamanani akhulayo maqondana nentshisekelo yabancane kanye nabatshalizimali abaphakathi. Kulokho okulungiselelwe njengomkhuba omusha ngesikhathi sokukhetha izibambiso ezizokwakha iphothifoliyo yethu elandelayo yokutshala imali.
Ngalo mqondo, icala lenkampani kagesi i-Endesa, ngokusebenzisa inkampani engaphansi kwalo evuselelekayo u-Enel Green Power España, kanye neProdiel basayine isivumelwano lapho i-Endesa ithola khona u-100% wenhlokodolobha yezinkampani eziyi-13 kwa-Prodiel. ama-euro ayizigidi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isivumelwano esifinyelelwe yilezi zinkampani ezimbili sihlanganisa nokusayinwa kwezinkontileka uPrododiel azobhekana nazo ekuhlinzekeni ngezinsizakalo zokusebenzisana ngokubambisana kwalezi zinhlelo, ngemali engangezigidi ezingama-36 zama-euro, okubandakanya nentela yendawo yokwakha kanye ukukhokhwa kwezindleko zokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi.
Amandla aluhlaza athengisa kakhulu
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zinkampani ezibalulwe ezimakethe zamasheya zilandela imodeli yokuvuselela isikhungo esivuselelekayo efaka izenzo zokwakha inani lomphakathi ezindaweni lapho zakhiwe khona. Ukuze ngale ndlela, bakhe inani emakethe yamasheya kusukela manje kuqhubeke futhi lokho kungenxa yazo zonke izinhloso zabo eziseduze kakhulu. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi amanani entengo akhona akhuphuka kuzincomo ezenziwe ngabahlaziyi ababaluleke kakhulu ezimakethe zezimali. Ngenxa yenani eliphakeme elinalo emakethe yamasheya eminyakeni embalwa ezayo lapho kuzobekwa khona amandla okuthiwa aluhlaza.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyadingeka futhi ukukhombisa iqiniso lokuthi lawa manani awakhombisi ukungazinzi ngokweqile ekucushweni kwezintengo zawo. Uma kungenjalo, ngokuphambene nalokho, ziphakathi kwezinze kakhulu emakethe yamasheya, hhayi eSpain kuphela kepha emhlabeni wonke. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi la manani athathwa njengokubheja okuhle ngekusasa elingekude kakhulu nalapho angathengisa khona emazingeni aphakeme kakhulu kunalawo atholakala okwamanje. Ngaphandle kokulungiswa okungenzeka kuthuthuke eminyakeni ezayo njengoba kunengqondo ukucabanga. Ngoba asikwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi sikhuluma ngemakethe yamasheya hhayi ngezinye izimakethe zezezimali.
Isimo semoto kagesi
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, asikwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bezindawo ezizobekwa kuzoba ngama-50 kW, avumela ukushajwa kwemoto cishe isigamu sehora (kuya ngephesenti lomthwalo owedlule wemoto Izici), isikhathi esivame ukuthatha amakhasimende ukuthenga. Ngendlela ecacile yemoto kagesi kuleli banga lezinkampani ezikhethe ngokusobala lolu hlobo lwamandla ezimoto. Ngokwalokhu kubuka, singakhetha amanye ala mavelu ukwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo kusuka manje kuqhubeke. Ngokulindela okuphezulu ekubekeni izintengo.
Kubalulekile futhi ukugcizelela ukuthi lolu hlobo lokutshala imali lungaba nenzuzo enkulu esikhathini esiphakathi nesikhathi eside. Lapho zingaphinde zilinganiswe khona ngamaphesenti ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu futhi kunoma yisiphi isimo ngaphezu kwalawo akhiqizwe izinkampani ezivamile noma ezibalulwe ngokwesiko. Ngokwalokhu kubuka lawa mavelu athengwa kakhulu kunokubanjwa futhi kwezinye izimo ngendlela enolaka kakhulu. Ngenzuzo eyengeziwe yokuthi ezinye zalezi zinkampani zisabalalisa isabelo esithandekayo kubaninimasheya.
Ngezinga lenzalo elingaphezu kuka-5%, okuthakazelisa kakhulu lapho intengo yemali isezingeni eliphansi kakhulu, ku-0%. Kuyisu elihle lokutshala imali ukwenza isikhwama sokonga esingacishe sizinze. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukulingana kwayo phakathi kwengozi nokubuyisa kuveza izilinganiso ezithakazelisa kakhulu ezizocatshangelwa kusukela manje. Ngaphandle kokuthatha izikhundla ezingathathwa kumanani axhumene kakhulu namandla avuselelekayo noma aluhlaza.
USolaria umholi kulo mkhakha
Ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye zokuqala zonyaka, iSolaria, igcine ukukhula kwayo, ukwenza ngcono imali abayitholayo ngo-2.4%, kuze kufike ku-30,3 million euros kanye ne-EBITDA yayo (23,43 million euros) 1,5% ngenxa yokusebenza okuhle kwazo zonke izitshalo. Ngalo mqondo, kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi “lUkusebenza kwenkampani kuyaqhubeka nokuba namandla kakhulu, kusho umongameli weSolaria, u-Enrique Díaz-Tejeiro. Ukufaka i-285MW kuze kube manje kulo nyaka nokuphindaphinda amandla ethu afakiwe ngamahlanu kuyimpumelelo enkulu."
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, uSolaria usesayine isivumelwano sezimali sesikhathi eside neBanco Sabadell ngezitshalo ezine ze-photovoltaic ezinamandla aphelele we-108.5MW ahambelana nezinkontileka zokuthenga amandla ze-PPA ezisayinwe neRepsol. Ngezinga elingadonsa abatshalizimali abasha nokuthi ngenxa yalesi senzo kungabonakala ekulinganisweni kwalo emakethe yamasheya ngo-2020.