Abaziqeshileyo banenzuzo ethile kunabasebenzi abaqeshiweyo. Kodwa kunye nezinto ezininzi ezingalunganga kunye nomhlalaphantsi yayiyenye yazo. Okanye ngaba. Enyanisweni, umbuzo abazibuza wona abaninzi, okukuthatha umhlala-phantsi kwabo bazisebenzelayo, abazi ukuba banokufikelela na okanye hayi.
Ukuba uyazisebenza kwaye usondele kwiminyaka engama-60 ubudala, unokucinga ngokuthatha umhlala-phantsi ngokuyinxenye. ukushiya umsebenzi ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye ayingomothuko kuwe. Kodwa ngaba unokufikelela kuyo njenge-freelancer? Ngaba bayakuvumela ukuba usebenze kwaye uqokelele imali yepenshini ngaxeshanye? Siza kukuxelela ngoko.
Yintoni umhlalaphantsi ongaphelelanga
NgokoKhuseleko lweNtlalo ngokwayo, kwiwebhusayithi yayo, isinika inkcazo eqinileyo yokuba umhlala-phantsi ungaphelelanga. Ngokukodwa, isixelela ukuba:
«Ukuthatha umhlala phantsi ngokuyinxenye kuthathwa njengokokuqalisa emva kokufikelela kubudala beminyaka engama-60, ngaxeshanye nekhontrakthi yomsebenzi wesingxungxo kwaye kunxulunyaniswe okanye hayi kwikhontrakthi yohlangulo esayinwe nomsebenzi ongasebenziyo okanye onesivumelwano kunye nenkampani yexesha elimiselweyo» .
Ngamanye amazwi, sinokuthi Umhlalaphantsi wethutyana ngulowo uthi, kwiminyaka engama-60, umsebenzi athathe isigqibo sokuqhubeka nomsebenzi wesingxungxo aze afumane isiqingatha senzuzo yomhlalaphantsi.
Kuthini ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi kubantu abazisebenzelayo
Kucacile ukuba ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi kunye nokuzisebenzela kuya kufana. Kodwa kuyaphawuleka ukuba akuzange kube ngo-2013 ukuba aqinisekiswe ngalo mhlalaphantsi. Phambi kolu hlaziyo, abantu abazisebenzelayo bebengenakuthatha umhlala-phantsi phambi kwexesha okanye ngokuyinxenye; kwafuneka bafikelele kwiminyaka yobudala ukuze bafumane imali yomhlalaphantsi.
Nangona kunjalo, kunye nomthetho ka-Aprili 1, 2013, owafika ukuhlaziya inxalenye yamanqaku enkqubo yomhlalaphantsi, sele efakiwe nangona yayingacacanga kwaye ibhida ukwazi ukuba zaziyintoni na iimfuno, okanye ukuba olu hlobo lokurhoxa ngokuyinxenye lunokufikelelwa na.
Ewe, ngokulandela imiyalelo yokhuseleko loluntu, kubaxhamli bomhlalaphantsi oyinxenye akukhankanywa ngabasebenzi abazisebenzelayo okanye abazisebenzelayo; ngoko kuya kuvela amathandabuzo amaninzi. Ukukhangela ngakumbi kwiwebhu, siyabona ukuba inokubonwa kodwa kunjalo kulindelwe uphuhliso lolawulo, ngoko ke kwiimeko ezininzi akunakukwazi ukuyiqhuba okwangoku.
Iimfuneko zokuthatha umhlala-phantsi ngokuyinxenye kwabo bazisebenzelayo
Ngokutsho kwe Inqaku le-318 loMbhalo oManyeneyo woMthetho Jikelele woKhuseleko loLuntu, abasebenzi abazisebenzelayo banokufumana umhlala-phantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni akukho phuhliso lolawulo, ngokusemthethweni, olu hlobo lomhlalaphantsi alufumaneki kubasebenzi abazisebenzelayo.
Ithetha ntoni le nto? Ewe, nangona ngokomthetho (we-2013) kusekwe ukuba banokufikelela kuyo, ekubeni kungekho mmiselo kwaye awukenziwa, awunakucelwa kwaye ufumaneka kuphela kubasebenzi.
Ukuba bayayibeka, ezimbini zeemfuno eziya kufuneka zifezekiswe zezi:
- Ufikelele kwiminyaka eyiyo yokwenza isicelo sokuthatha umhlala-phantsi. Kule meko, ufikelele kwiminyaka engama-60.
- Ukungaxhamli kumhlalaphantsi kwangethuba okanye onesaphulelo ngaphambili. Kwimeko yomsebenzi oziqeshileyo, kubhekiselele ekubeni usebenze ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuba afikelele kwi-100% yomhlalaphantsi wakhe.
Zeziphi iingenelo eziziswa kukuthatha umhlala-phantsi kumntu ozisebenzelayo?
Inyaniso yokukwazi ukudibanisa umsebenzi kunye nomhlalaphantsi ineenzuzo ezininzi kubantu abazisebenzayo. Phakathi kwabo, sinokugxininisa:
Ukuba akukho tshintsho lubukhali kwindlela yokuphila
Khawufane ucinge ukuba ubusebenza ubomi bakho bonke kwaye, ngobusuku, bakuxelela ukuba awunakuphinda usebenze ngenxa yokuba udla umhlala-phantsi kwaye awusengomsebenzi wakho. Eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuba unomsebenzi "wenkawu" kwaye uziva ngathi awunto yanto.
Kwelinye icala, ngokuthatha umhlala-phantsi inxenye ufumana loo mntu Ndingaqhubeka nokusebenza kodwa ndibe nexesha lokukhululeka ethatha kancinci kancinci. Ngaloo ndlela, xa kufika umhlala-phantsi ngokupheleleyo, akaziva elahliwe ngokungathi akasekho, kodwa usenokuba ufumene ezinye iindlela zokuqhubeka eziva eluncedo.
Qhubeka ufaka isandla ukuze ubuyekeze ipenshini
Kwimeko yabantu abazisebenzelayo, abadla ngokunikela ngobomi babo bonke ngesiseko esincinci, kuyabanceda ukuba ukuphucula ipenshini ukuya kumhlalaphantsi opheleleyo.
URhulumente wonga i-50% yepenshoni
Kuba ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi kuthetha ukuhlawula isiqingatha somhlalaphantsi kuphela. urhulumente uyazuza kuyo kuba nje uqhubeka nokusebenza, kuya kufuneka uhlawule irhafu kwaye awugcini nje kuphela, kodwa ufumana imali (nokuba incinci, yingeniso).
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba igalelo ekufuneka lenziwe kuKhuseleko lweNtlalo ngelixa uthatha inxaxheba kumhlalaphantsi we-8%.
Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwepenshini yabasebenzi kunye neeSME kunye nabo baziqeshileyo
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uhlaziyo luka-2013 lwalulungile kubantu abazisebenzelayo, inyaniso yeyokuba kusekho umahluko omkhulu phakathi komhlalaphantsi wokuziqeshisa kunye nomvuzo (abasebenzi abangabaqeshwa).
Ngelixa i-avareji yomhlalaphantsi yomsebenzi ili-1155 yee-euro ngenyanga, eyee-SME kunye nabo bazisebenzelayo isisiqingatha, i-635 ye-euro. Kwaye yinto enokuthi, nangona ingabonakali, ikhona kwaye kwimeko yaseSpain, ngabantu abazisebenzelayo kunye neenkampani ezixhasa inkqubo yezoqoqosho ngokutshintshiselana ngenzuzo yabo (khumbula ukuba, ngokubanzi, rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintathu. , uNondyebo ufumana ukugcina umvuzo wenyanga kumntu oziqeshileyo). Kwaye ngaphandle kokubeka ezinye iirhafu.
Ngoko ke, kwaye Nangona inxenye yomhlalaphantsi iphunyeziwe (ayikafumaneki), kusekho umsantsa omkhulu phakathi kwabasebenzi abazisebenzelayo nabahlawulwayo. ukusa kwinqanaba lokuba bahluke kwimiba yezabasebenzi ukuze babe nokulingana.
Ucinga ntoni ngokuthatha umhlala-phantsi komntu ozisebenzelayo?