Xa sisiva ukuba a inkampani iqhubile okanye ifuna ukonyuswa kwemali eyinkunzi, Sicinga ukuba inkampani ikwi-IBEX 35, okanye inkampani eqale nje umsebenzi wayo kwiNtengiso yeSitokhwe, nakweliphi na ilizwe. Ayikho enye into engaphaya koko. Kodwa akunjalo. Ukuqonda Ithetha ukuthini, njani kwaye kutheni inyusa imali iyenziwa, Kufuneka siqale siqonde kakuhle ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuyinyusa.
Xa sithetha ngokunyuka kwemali, sithetha ngayo Iyonke imali eyabelweyo yenkampani iya kunyuka, enganyanzelekanga ukuba ibe yinkampani enkulu ukuze ibe nayo, enyanisweni, yonke imibutho kunye neenkampani ezinamatyala athile zinemali encinci yesabelo.
Yintoni ikapitali yentlalo?
Inkampani ineseti yeempahla eziyinika ixabiso. Inkunzi kwezentlalo ibiyi iseti yeempahla kunye nemali eyinkampani, ihlala imelwe kwizabelo, ezibhalisiweyo zeepropati.
El Inkunzi kwezentlalo ibonisa ixabiso lezoqoqosho yenkampani ukuqala kwayo. Ukuba, eSpain, ngenxa Ukulinganiselwa kunye nokuphela kobunini be- € 3005.60, ukwenzela i iinkampani ezinqunyelwe kuluntu zii-60.101.20 yahlulwe yazizabelo ezizodwa.
Iinkampani ezininzi ziyahlangabezana nobuncinci obukhankanyiweyo ukuqala ishishini labo, kwaye musa ukuluhambisa, kodwa Ixabiso lokuqala linokutshintshelwa phezulu okanye ezantsi. Emva kwexesha siza kubona ukuba kwenziwa njani kwaye kutheni isenziwa.
Ke, umnini ngamnye wezabelo okanye isihloko ubizwa ngokuba ngumnini zabelo okanye iqabane, elimele ipropathi yenkampani. Ke ngoko, Ukulungiselela iinjongo zokunikwa kwengxelo, istokhwe esiyinkunzi yityala ngokubhekisele kumaqabane.
Amaqabane okanye abanini zabelo banokuba ziindidi ezahlukeneyo:
- Amaqabane ngokubanzi, abathatha inxaxheba kwizigqibo zenkampani kwaye babeke emngciphekweni imali yabo kwinzuzo okanye ilahleko yenkampani
- Amaqabane akhethiweyo, Igalelo eliyinkunzi, kwaye ufumane inzuzo / ilahleko kodwa ungathathi nxaxheba kwizigqibo zenkampani.
Imali eyabelweyo ayichaphazeleka yilahleko yenkampani, kodwa inokuhla okanye inyuswe, siza kubona okuninzi malunga noku kamva.
Yintoni ukwanda kwemali eyinkunzi?
Ukucaca malunga nokuba yintoni na imali yentlalontle, sinokuqonda ukuba ukunyuswa kwemali ngokuchanekileyo kukubonelela ngexabiso elikhulu kunye neasethi kwinkampani. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza kunye nezibonelelo esiza kubona ngezantsi.
Zimbini iindlela zokunyusa ixabiso leshishini:
- Khupha izabelo ezitsha kumaqabane okanye kumaqabane amatsha, okanye, ukwandisa ixabiso lezabelo esele zikhutshiwe. Kuxhomekeke kwiinjongo zenkampani, kugqitywa kukhetho olunye okanye olunye: amaqabane amatsha awahlali efuna.
- Kwimeko yesibini, ngokulula inyusa ixabiso lezabeloKe, ixabiso lenkampani liyonyuka, ngaphandle kokukhutshwa kwemali kubanini zabelo.
Umbuzo ngulo: kutheni le nto ishishini lifuna inkxaso-mali?
Inkampani, enkulu okanye encinci, kubandakanya ukuhamba rhoqo okukhulayo kwemali engenayo kunye nokuphuma, ukuba nje ungeniso lungaphezulu kwemali ephumayo. Ukuze ishishini lisebenze, lifuna ifanitshala, izixhobo zokusebenza, abasebenzi, kunye nezinto ezingafunekiyo ukuze lisebenze. Ukwenza oku, ufuna abanini zabelo okanye amaqabane.
Le nkampani isebenza kakuhle kangangokuba ifuna ukuvula isebe ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kweSpain, ukufumana ukhuphiswano kunye nokwandisa inzuzo. Ukuvula elinye ishishini kuthetha inkcitho kwizakhiwo, izixhobo nayo yonke into kwakhona, ke imali iyafuneka, ngamanye amaxesha imali eninzi.
Inkampani ineendlela ezimbini onokukhetha kuzo: cela imali-mboleko ebhankini, Bayihlawule ngentando yabo, okanye, bafumane imali ngonyuso lwenkunzi, bavule ucango kumaqabane amatsha ashiya imali kwinkampani.
Inketho yesibini ikwimo yemali mbolekoEwe, ngokwemigaqo yobalo-mali, sonke istock capital, njengoko besesitshilo, sinetyala kumaqabane enkampani. Lukhetho olunendleko ezisezantsi kunolo lwemali mboleko yebhanki, kwaye kuxhomekeke kuphela kwimingcipheko inkampani enayo kunye namandla okucenga amaqabane amatsha.
Izibonelelo zokonyusa isabelo mali senkampani
Fumana imali ngaphandle kwenzala
Sele siyikhankanyile ngaphambili: Ukunyusa imali kuthintela inkampani ekuhlawuleni inzala nakwimpahla ebambekayo. Yimali "kwiindleko zero". Akunyanzelekanga ukuba wandise ishishini: ungayityala imali kumaphulo okuthengisa, kubasebenzi abaqeqeshwe ngcono, kuphuhliso lweemveliso ezintsha okanye iinkonzo, okanye ekuphuculeni ezo unayo.
Yandisa ixabiso lenkampani
Hayi kuphela inkampani leyo Unyuso lweemali ezinkulu zinemali eninzi yokutyala, kodwa ixabiso layo njengenkampani liyanda. Oku kuneempembelelo kungekuphela ekuthetheni ngokuziphatha, kodwa xa uthetha ngemali ungafikelela kumathuba angaphezulu nangcono, kuba wonwabela impilo engcono yezemali.
Ukwenza umzekelo: kulula ukufikelela kwimali mboleko kwinkampani enesabelo mali eyi- € 150.000, kunaleyo ihamba nomncinci osemthethweni wee- € 60.000.
Unedumela eliphezulu
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, inkampani, enkulu okanye encinci, iyakwenza oko ukonyuka kwenkunzi kuwuphucula kakhulu umfanekiso wakho, uphawu lwakho luxabisekile phambi kwabanikezeli nkqu nangabathengi.
Unyusa nini imali?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, uninzi lwee-SME zisekwe kunye nobuncinci bezomthetho, kwaye kancinci kancinci bayonyusa imali eyinkunzi, ukuba bayakwenza oko, kuba imali yokuqala iya incinci ngokusebenza kwenkampani.
Iingcali zithi oosomashishini abaninzi abazi ukuba mabalinyuse nini, okanye nokuba ukuqala ishishini ngobuncinci obusemthethweni sele kuyimpazamo kwishishini, kwaye liza kuphawula kungekudala okanye kamva.
Iingcali zeshishini ziyaqinisekisa ukuba kukho amaxesha amane ubuncinci apho ukunyuka kwemali eyabelweyo kunyanzelekile, oku:
1. Xa kukho amathuba okukhula. Kukho amathuba eshishini angenakuxhatshazwa ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali. Ngokwesiqhelo, akukho mntu uthatha imali mboleko kumathuba oshishino ngamanqanaba athile omngcipheko, kwaye ishishini liyachaphazeleka okanye limile. Lo mzuzu ulungele ukunyusa ixabiso lenkampani, ngaphandle kokuhlawula inzala ebhankini.
2. Xa ixabiso lichanekile. Unokufuna ingcebiso malunga noku: cinga ukuba ufuna i- € 100.000 yokutyala imali kwinkampani yakho, kwaye indleko yokuyifumana yi-20% yenkampani yakho. Mhlawumbi kunyaka olandelayo, fumana ezo 100, bamele ama-45% enkampani yakho. Iingcali ziqinisekisa ukuba owona mzuzu ulungileyo xa inzala ilingana nexabiso.
3. Xa inkampani yakho ifuna ukuthenga ixesha. Iingcali zezeMali zibala ukuba iminyaka emithathu yokuqala yeenkampani ezininzi zisebenza kwilahleko, oko kukuthi, lixesha apho utyalo-mali luqhele ukufunyanwa kwaye amatyala enziwe ukuze enze inkampani ihlawulwe. Ukuba awufuni ukulinda ixesha elide, okanye ishishini liyacotha, licebo elilungileyo ukufumana amaqabane okanye ukonyusa imali eyinkunzi yenkampani kunye nokunciphisa elo xesha. Kodwa kufuneka yenziwe ngononophelo, kuba usengozini yokungena equleni elinzulu xa ishishini lisilele.
4. Xa kufuneka ingcebiso. Ukuvula iingcango zenkampani kumaqabane amatsha ayisiyombuzo wemali kuphela. Ngamanye amaxesha umnyango uvulelwa abatyali mali abathile okanye amaqabane kuba beza namava kunye nemvelaphi enkulu kunaleyo yamaqabane, ebanceda ukuba benze izigqibo ezingcono. Bangamaqabane "asisikhokelo", kunokuba abatyali mali
Uyinyusa njani imali eyinkunzi?
Ukunyuka kwemali Kubalulekile, kufuna ukutshintsha imimiselo yenkampani, ke ngoko kufuneka kulandelwe uthotho lweenkqubo ukuyenza, ukuze nikezela ngesiqinisekiso kumaqabane nakwabatyalwayo benkampani.
Ukucaciswa, kwenziwa ngamanyathelo amathathu:
1. Isivumelwano seNtlanganiso Jikelele yenkampani
2 Ukubulawa
3. Bhalisa ukunyuka kwesitokhwe esiyinkunzi
Okokuqala, kufuneka kwenziwe isindululo kusihlalo webhodi yabalawuli okanye abanini zabelo kulwandiso, nge-ajenda ecwangcisiweyo. Nangona nawuphi na umnini ubuncinci be-5% yexabiso lesitokhwe esikhulu.
Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabanini bempahla yenkunzi yenkampani kufuneka bavume ukwanda kwemali eyinkunzi ngokungena kwamaqabane amatsha, kunye nawo ewonke ukonyusa ixabiso lezabelo esele zikhutshiwe.
Emva koko, kufuneka irekhodwe, ngokuhlawulwa ngokupheleleyo ukuba kukho utyalomali, kwiRejista yeMercantile kunye nokupapashwa kwayo kwi-BORME (iGazethi esemthethweni yeRejista yeMercantile), into efana neBOE.
Isiphumo sokuxutyushwa esoyikekayo
Yonke into inobungozi, kunye nokunyuka kwenkunzi, kwaye enye yazo ibizwa ngokuba yi "capital dilution". Kuthetha ukulahleka kwepropathi okungenani elinye lamaqabane ngokubhekisele kokunye, ngenxa yokungabinakho ukubhalisa okanye ukuthenga izabelo eziselungelweni kodwa ongenakho ukuzifumana.
Kulula ngomzekelo: iSpain SA inamaqabane ama-4 kunye ne- € 100.000, ngokulinganayo, oko kukuthi, i-25.000 ngeyure nganye, kwizabelo ezinexabiso le- € 1 inye.
Bafuna ukuphinda kabini ixabiso lenkampani, ukuya kwi- € 200.000, kwaye bathathe isigqibo sokungabinamaqabane amatsha, kodwa phakathi kwabo. Kuyavela ukuba ngamnye ufuna ukutyala imali eyi- $ 25.000. Kodwa ezimbini azinazibonelelo, ke zigcina i-25.000 yezigxina, kwaye enye ezimbini zine- € 50.000.
Ababini kumaqabane babunciphisile ubunini ukusuka kwi-25% ukuya kwi-12.5%, kungoko ke bexutha amandla abo kwizibonelelo nakwizigqibo zenkampani.
Isiphelo
Iinkampani, ngaphandle kokuya kwi ukuthengiswa kwezabelo zabo kwiStock Exchange, banokufumana ingeniso ngokwandisa imali eyabelweyo, kwaye ke ukwazi ukutyala imali ekufumaneni izinto ezintsha, kubasebenzi okanye kwizixhobo.
Kubalulekile ukwenza ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukuze inkampani ingami, nangona kufuneka yenziwe ngononophelo, kuba kukho umngcipheko wokuxutywa kwemali.