Kwimarike yemasheya, ilizwe ngalinye lineentengiso zalo ezenziwa ziinkampani zikazwelonke. Apha, eSpain, sinento ekuthiwa yimarike eqhubekayo ebandakanya iinkampani ezingama-130 zase-Iberia. Kodwa yintoni intengiso eqhubekayo? Ingaba isebenza kanjani? Kwimeko apho ungena kwihlabathi lezoqoqosho kunye nezemali, le yinto ebalulekileyo kuwe.
Asiyi kuphendula kuphela umbuzo omkhulu onika eli nqaku isihloko sayo, kodwa siza kuchaza nokuba isebenza njani imarike eqhubekayo, zithini iiyure zokuthengisa kunye neenkampani ezenzayo.
Yintoni intengiso eqhubekayo kwaye isebenza njani?
Ukuba uqala ukutyala imali kwimarike yemasheya, okanye ubuncinci ukuzazisa ngesihloko, lixesha lokuba ufumane ukuba yintoni intengiso eqhubekayo. Yinkqubo edibanisa ukutshintshiselana kwezabelo ezine eSpain kwimarike yestokhwe esinye. Ngale ndlela, izabelo zinokudweliswa ngaxeshanye kwi-stock exchange yaseBarcelona, eBilbao, eMadrid naseValencia. Ukwenza lo msebenzi, kukho iqonga elektroniki elibizwa ngokuba yiNkqubo yokuQhagamshelwa kweStock yaseSpain (SIBE). Eli qonga livumela ukutshintshiselana kwezabelo zaseSpain ukuba zisebenze ngokungathi ziyimarike enye yesitokhwe. Ukongeza, idibanisa uthethathethwano olunokwenzeka, ETFs, isitokhwe kunye nezinye iimveliso zotyalo-mali.
Kwakungo-1989 xa iSpain yaqala ukurhweba ngezabelo ngenkqubo ye-elektroniki. Ngelo xesha, intengiso eqhubekayo yavela ngexabiso leempahla ezisixhenxe, akukho nto iyenye. Namhlanje zingaphezulu kwe-130 iinkampani ezidweliswe kuyo. Ngaphakathi kuyo, kukho ukhuseleko oludweliswe kwi-IBEX 35, esisalathiso esidibanisa iinkampani kunye nemali ephezulu yentengiso.
Owongamele ukongamela intengiso eqhubekayo yi-CNMV (iKhomishini yeSizwe yoKhuseleko kwiMarike). Endaweni yoko, ibhunga elilawulayo yi-BME (iSpanish Stocks and Markets). Ngokuphathelele kwiziko elijongene nokucoca kunye nokuhlala, le yiIberclear, eyeBME.
Ukusebenza
Ngoku ekubeni sisazi ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi ukuba yintoni intengiso eqhubekayo, siza kuchaza ukuba isebenza njani. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, i-SIBE yenziwe ngokhuseleko olwahlukeneyo. Uninzi lwezi ziyinxalenye yokuqesha ngokubanzi. Oku, kwaye, kusekwe kwintengiso eqhubekayo eqhutywa ziiodolo ezahlukeneyo. Ithetha ntoni le nto? Kulungile yintoni Ixabiso lenziwa ukusuka emnqamlezweni phakathi kokuthengwa kunye nokunikezelwa kokuthengisa. Ngokumalunga neeyure zokuthengisa, siza kunika ingxelo ngayo kamva.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba sinokufumana amacandelo aliqela ngaphakathi kwe-SIBE. Siza kuphawula ngazo apha ngezantsi:
- Icandelo lokuthengisa ngokubanzi: Le yeyona yaziwayo kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ngabatyali zimali zaseSpain.
- I-MAB (enye yeNtengiso yeStock): Le ntengiso yenziwa ngo-2008 ukuze iinkampani ezinentengo enkulu yentengiso zincitshiswe okanye ezazikwinqanaba lokwandiswa nazo zinokudweliswa.
- ILatibex: Imakethi yaseLatibex yagunyaziswa ngo-1999. Injongo yayo kukusebenza njengeqonga lokuhlala kunye nothethathethwano eYurophu lwezokhuseleko lweenkampani eziphambili eLatin America. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezi zixabiso li-euro.
- Intengiso ye-ETF: Ii-ETFs zinokuqeshwa kweli candelo lemarike yaseSpain. Ezi zichazi zichaza ngokusisiseko imali yotyalo-mali.
- Icandelo lokulungisa: Okokugqibela, kukho icandelo lokuLungisa. Oku kwenzelwe ukuba kukhuselwe amatyala abo aphantsi kwi-SIBE.
Ivula nini imakethi eqhubekayo?
Ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba yintoni intengiso eqhubekayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sizazi iishedyuli zayo ukuba sifuna ukuya esidlangalaleni. Iiyure zokurhweba zale ntengiso yaseSpain iqala ngentsimbi yethoba kusasa kwaye iphele ngentsimbi yesihlanu emva kwemini. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ifandesi yokuvula neyokuvala. Ithuba eliphakathi kweefandesi ezimbini libizwa ngokuba "yimarike evulekileyo".
Kodwa yintoni ifandesi? La maxesha exesha lokurhweba kwimarike yemasheya. Ngala maxesha, iiodolo zinokuguqulwa, zirhoxiswe kwaye zingeniswe, kodwa ngaphandle kokuba kwenziwe ezi zinto. Zisetyenziswa ngokusisiseko ukuseta amaxabiso okuvula nawokuvala kwaye ngaloo ndlela ulawule ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ngokugqithileyo.
Masishwankathele kwaye sizibone ngcono iishedyuli:
- Ifandesi yokuvula: ukusuka ngo-8.30 ukuya ku-9.00 ekuseni.
- Intengiso evulekileyo: ukusuka ngo-9.00 ukuya ku-17.30 ekuseni.
- Ifandesi yokuvala: ukusuka ngo-17.30 ukuya ku-17.35 ekuseni.
Zeziphi iinkampani ezenza intengiso eqhubekayo?
Ukwazi ngokuthe ngqo ukuba yintoni intengiso eqhubekayo, akwanelanga ukwazi inkcazo okanye iishedyuli. Kuya kufuneka sazi nokuba zeziphi na iinkampani ezenzayo. Njengoko sele sichazile ngasentla, kukho i-130 xa lilonke, ezinye zazo zidume kakhulu. Siza kudwelisa apha ngezantsi:
- UAbengoa A
- UAbengoa B
- UAcciona
- I-Acciona Ener
- I-Acerinox
- ACS
- UAdolfo Dguez
- I-Aedas
- UAena
- I-Airbus SE
- Ezingasebenziyo
- Alantra
- UAlmirall
- Amadeus
- Ampere
- Ukudibana
- Iaperam
- Faka isicelo
- Arcelormit
- Arima
- I-Atresmedia
- Ukuhlaziywa kweAudax.
- Aux. Uloliwe
- azkoyen
- Santander
- Ba. Sabadell
- Bankinter
- IBaron yoMthetho
- IBavaria
- BBVA
- Berkeley
- Bo. eRioja
- Ibheji ye-Borges
- ICaixabank
- Cam
- imali
- CCEP
- Iseli
- Cevasa
- Cie Ngokuzenzekelayo.
- UCleop
- Ikhowudi
- I-Coemac
- Inkampani Alba
- Iankile
- UMnu. Felguera
- IDeoleo
- Dia
- Imimandla
- Ukutya kwe-Ebro
- Isixhobo
- Imiphefumlo
- Elecnor
- IiEnagas
- kwi
- Endesa
- I-Ercros
- ezentis
- Intlawulo Farma
- FCC
- Ukutya
- IFluidra
- IGAM
- Iimpawu zomzimba
- Umfundi C. Okwenzekileyo
- Utshani
- IGrifols Cl. A
- IGrifols Cl. B
- IAG
- Iberdrola
- iberpapel
- Inditex
- Indra A.
- Inm. Kwithanga
- Inm. ukusuka emazantsi
- Lar eSpain
- Inkululeko 7
- Umgca ngqo
- Ingots Esp.
- Umgcini wezinto
- Imephu
- I-Mediset
- Iihotele zeMelia
- merlin
- IMetrovacesa
- Iindleko zeMiquel.
- UMontebalito
- Indalo
- Indawo yokuhlala
- I-Neinor
- Okulandelayo
- NH Ihotele
- UNico. umtya
- nyesa
- ohhh
- Ukuhlanjululwa
- IOryzon
- I-Pescanova
- UFarma Mar
- Prim
- Ukukhawuleza
- I-Prosegur
- UKUQHUBEKA
- Realia
- UReig Jofre
- UReno M. S / A
- UReno M. Conv.
- Ingeniso ka-4
- Inkampani Renta Corp.
- Repsol
- rovi
- Sacyr
- San Jose
- Inkonzo yePS
- Umdlalo weNokia
- isolaria
- Isolarack
- Isoltec
- UTalgo
- I-Reecidas
- Umnxeba
- Iifayile
- Iityhubhu zeReuni.
- Unibox
- I-Urbas
- IVertex 360
- IVidrala
- Viscofan
- vocento
- Zardoya otis
Ukuze ukwazi ukufunda iinkampani ngokusisiseko okanye ngobugcisa, ezi ziyafumaneka kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Kwiminyhadala efanelekileyo, indawo yokuqala ukuya kwiwebhusayithi ye-CNMV. Kukwakho nezinye ezigqibeleleyo ezinje ngokuTyala imali, iPcbolsa, infobolsa, njl. Ngapha koko, khumbula loo nto Isifundo esifanelekileyo sokuqala sentengiso kunye neenkampani ziya kukunceda uthathe isigqibo.