Ukuba unxibelelene ngokusondeleyo kwilizwe lotyalo-mali kunye nemali, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba uvile ngaphezulu kwesihlandlo esinye ukuba yintoni ibhondi. Inye ye ezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zotyalo-mali ukwenza ukonga kunenzuzo. Nangona kunjalo, ayisiyonto ilula kakhulu kuba inezicelo ezahlukeneyo ezaziwa ngabatyali mali abanamava ngakumbi kwi iimarike zemali. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba kuthethwe ngento encinci kakhulu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ayicacanga gca ngoomatshini bayo bokutyala imali esiyigcinileyo.
Okokuqala, akusayi kubakho khetho ngaphandle kokujonga kwinkcazo ngokubanzi yeli xesha loqoqosho. Ewe, ibhondi ingaphezulu kwayo yonke into enamandla emali yamatyala esetyenziswa ngamashishini abucala naworhulumente. Ibhondi yenye yeendlela zokwenza impahla ityala, imali ekhuselekileyo okanye eguquguqukayo yokhuseleko. Ke ngoko, ayinyanzelekanga ukuba ivele kwiimarike zokulingana, njengoko abanye abatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi bakholelwa ngalo mzuzu.
Ngayiphi na imeko, kwaye ukuze uyiqonde ngcono, yimpahla yexabiso edweliswe kwiimarike kwaye unokuqesha nangaliphi na ixesha ukwenza ukuba iiasethi eziqokelelweyo zinenzuzo. Kodwa njengoko intsingiselo yayo ibonisa, inokuvela kwiimarike ezahlukeneyo kwaye ngenxa yoko uneendlela ezininzi zokuhambisa utyalomali. Ukusuka ekuthengweni kweebhendi zepheripikhi ukuya kwibhasikithi ye iibhondi zidityaniswe kwingxowa mali. Ewe, ngeli xesha unezicwangciso ezininzi zokuvula izikhundla kule asethi ebalulekileyo yemali. Ngaphezulu kunokuba unokucinga kwasekuqaleni. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ezinye zezona zisisiseko kwaye kwangaxeshanye zisebenza?
Ibhondi: ikhutshwe ngurhulumente
Olu luhlobo lotyalo-mali olunxibelelene kakhulu nale mveliso yemali. Phantse ngalo lonke ixesha xa sithetha ngeebhondi, ewe, asibhekiseli kule ndlela yotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kwezinye iindlela zobuchwephesha kwaye mhlawumbi isisiseko. Ewe, ibhondi inokhuseleko lokhuseleko olunokukhutshwa ngurhulumente (kuzwelonke, kwiphondo, koomasipala, njlnjl.). Kuyinto elula ukuba uyikhumbule ukusukela ngoku, kuba ifayile ye uluntu oluzimeleyo Ilizwe lethu nabo bakhupha le mveliso yemali. ICatalonia, iMadrid, iAsturias, ilizwe laseBasque, iGalicia, iLa Rioja ...
Uhlobo lwalo lotyalo-mali lintsonkothile kangangokuba njengoko umngcipheko webhondi usonyuka, inzuzo yale mveliso yemali inyuka. Nangona uza kubeka emngciphekweni wokuphulukana nayo yonke imali ukuba uluntu olukhuphayo alunakuyihlawula okanye luzibhengeza njengotshonile. Esi sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba isivuno kwiibhondi zengingqi asisoloko sifana. Ngumahluko obaluleke kakhulu ukusuka komnye ukuya komnye, nangona ngokubanzi bengena Uluhlu olusuka kwi-1% luye kwi-6% malunga. Ngayiphi na imeko, ukuba yenye indlela yokwenene yotyalo-mali onalo ngalo mzuzu kanye.
Iibhondi zikarhulumente, ezona zemveli
Ngokuchasene noko, iibhondi zikarhulumente yenye yeendlela iindlela eziqhelekileyo zotyalo-mali ukusukela iminyaka emininzi. Ujolise kwiprofayile yomsebenzisi egcinayo okanye ekhuselayo, kanye njengabazali bakho okanye ootatomkhulu bakho ngamanye amaxesha xa bekungekho zintlobo zininzi zeemveliso zemali. Ngale ndlela, kunjalo awungekhe ulibale ukuba olu didi lweebhondi ezikhutshiweyo luboniswe phantsi kokuvuthwa okuhlukeneyo. Phakathi kwezi zivelileyo zezo zimiselwe iminyaka emi-3, 5 ne-10 kunye nefandesi rhoqo rhoqo kuyo yonke iminyaka-mali. Nangona kunjalo, yimveliso yotyalo-mali ethi ngoku ivelise inzuzo ephantsi, engaphantsi kwe-1,5% kwaye ngenxa yesimo sezoqoqosho esikwindawo ye-euro.
Enye yeenzuzo ezinkulu zokuthatha izikhundla kwinto ebizwa ngokuba ziibhondi zikarhulumente kukuba ziyinxalenye yenkqubo engenantsonkothe kwaphela. Kukhuselekile kakhulu kuba inzuzo yayo iqinisekisiwe kwasekuqaleni. Ngeempawu ezinomdla kwiibhondi zikazwelonke baya kuya kwiakhawunti yakho yokujonga kwangaphambili. Oko kukuthi, kwangaxeshanye uyababhalisa kwaye ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo zeemveliso zezemali okanye zebhanki ekuya kufuneka ulinde ukuphela kwazo ukuze uziqokelele. Njengomzekelo wenzeka kwiidipozithi zekota. Yinto ekhuthaza abanye abatyali mali ukuba babakhethe ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye iimodeli zotyalo mali.
Buyela kwiibhondi zikazwelonke
Ngokumalunga nenqanaba lenzala eliveliswa yile mveliso isisiseko kutyalo-mali, kuxhomekeke kumjikelo wezoqoqosho. Oku kuthetha ukuba kumaxesha apho inzala iphantsi, ngokomzekelo okwangoku, inzuzo yayo iya kucaca ukuba ayonelisi kwimidla yakho. Ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, ngamaxesha apho imeko ichasene ngokupheleleyo, uya kuba namathuba amaninzi okuphucula le micimbi yokulamla. Ngale ndlela, fumana i-2%, 3% okanye 4%. Nangona ngoku sikude kakhulu kule meko.
Kwelinye icala, iibhondi zezi mpawu ziguquke ngokungalinganiyo ukusukela ngo-2000. Ukufikelela kancinane ngaphezulu kwe-5% ukuba iphantse ibe yindawo engalunganga, njengoko kusenzeka kule minyaka idlulileyo. Nangona ngexesha lokuqesha kwabo, inqanaba lenzala obadibanise nalo kwifandesi liya kuhlala lisebenza. Ngayiphi na imeko, yindlela elula yokufumana inzuzo encinci, ngaphandle kokuthatha umngcipheko. Akumangalisi ke, ukuba yenye yeempawu ezifanelekileyo kakhulu ekuthiwa-bond yesizwe okanye karhulumente.
Iibhondi ezongamileyo zamanye amazwe
Ewe kunjalo, ukwimeko yokurhuma iibhondi zezi mpawu kwaye zivela kwezinye izizwe okanye kwimimandla yejografi. Umzekelo, izibophelelo zepheripher ezivela eItali, eGrisi okanye ePortugal. Ngabo abanolona hambo lude ngokubhekisele kwinzuzo. Kodwa umngcipheko mkhulu kakhulu kuba uvela kuqoqosho olungazinzanga ngakumbi kwaye banokuphulukana nemali eninzi ekusebenzeni kwaye kunjalo nangaphezulu kunokuba unokucinga kwasekuqaleni. Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba injani imeko yezoqoqosho yelizwe elikhuphayo kuba ungafumana into engaphezulu kwesinye kuye ukususela ngoku.
Kunoko, ibhondi yesizwe ekhuselekileyo yiJamani Kwaye yaziwa ngcono njenge-bund. Akumangalisi ukuba ikunike ukhuseleko oluphezulu olumelwe sisombululo soqoqosho lwayo. Nangona ukubuyisa inzuzo yayo ingekho phezulu kakhulu ngenxa yolu phawu lweebhondi zikazwelonke. Ngale ndlela, enye imveliso esisiseko zizibophelelo zaseMelika kwaye leyo ikwinxalenye elungileyo yepotifoliyo yabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Nokuba uthenge ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokusebenzisa imali yotyalo-mali esekwe kwingeniso esisigxina.
Iibhondi ezihlanganisiweyo: ingeniso ethe kratya
Kwelinye icala ekuthiwa ziibhondi zenkampani okanye zaziwa ngcono njengendibaniselwano. Le modality kwiimarike zengeniso esisigxina ibavumela ukuba baphucule inzuzo yabo, nangona benomngcipheko ekusebenzeni. Kule fomati kulula ukufumana inzala kufutshane ne-5%. Zivela kwiinkampani kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuba zidweliswe kwiimarike zezabelo. Enye yeenzuzo ezifanelekileyo kakhulu kukuba unoluhlu olubanzi lwezindululo zezi mpawu kwaye ngaphezulu kweebhondi zikazwelonke okanye zengingqi. Ukwazi ukukhetha phakathi kweenkampani zeendlela ezahlukeneyo zeshishini.
Ngaphakathi kweli candelo, enye yezona bhondi zimeleyo zizinto eziguqukayo. Kwimeko apho ungazi, zezo zinokutshintshiselwa izabelo ezisanda kukhutshwa ngexabiso esele lisetelwe kwangaphambili. Sisindululo sokuqala sokudibanisa ingeniso eguquguqukayo kunye nengatshintshiyo ukuze ngale ndlela inqanaba lenzala lolu hlobo lweemveliso zezemali zikunike ukonyuka. Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba inzuzo ikwakhona iphezulu, kokukhona kuya kubakho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuthatha olu didi lotyalo-mali oluphucukileyo.
Okokugqibela, awungekhe ulibale malunga nemodeli efumene ukubaluleka okukhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ezinje ngeebhondi ze-junk. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokubonelela isivuno esikhulu njengoko sithathwa njengokhuseleko oluphezulu. Azikhuthazwa kakhulu ukuba uqeshe kuba ngazo zininzi kakhulu izinto onokuphulukana nazo kunenzuzo. Njengamabhondi abizwa njalo, athi kuzo zonke iimeko angacingi ukubuya kwenkunzi eyintloko, kodwa acebise ukuhlawulwa kwenzala ngokungenammiselo.
Njengoko sele ubonile, zininzi iibhondi ezikhoyo kwiimarike zezemali. Kuzo zonke iindlela zokuziphatha kunye nendalo kwaye ezinokusebenza ngamanye amaxesha ukwenza ukonga kwakho kunenzuzo. Nokuba kukodwa okanye ngokudibeneyo nezinye iimveliso zezezimali. Oku kuyakuxhomekeka kwiprofayile oyivezayo njengomtyali mali omncinci nophakathi ngamaxesha onke. Njengenye yeendlela zakudala zokonga.