Ngaphakathi kwiglosari yoqoqosho, i-GDP yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzazi. Yimigaqo yezemali ethi, njenge-CPI; IVAT okanye iTIN kufuneka uyazi kakuhle ukuba iyintoni intsingiselo yayo kwaye ibaluleke kangakanani. Kodwa, Yintoni iGDP ngokuchanekileyo?
Ukuba uhlala uzibuza kwaye ufuna ukwazi ukuba kutheni abezopolitiko kunye noqoqosho bethetha ngalo ngokuqhubekayo, okanye kutheni kubalulekile ukuvavanya ukukhula kwelizwe, ke siza kuthetha nawe malunga ne-GDP kunye nezinye iinkcukacha onazo. ukwazi ngayo.
Yintoni iGDP
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba yintoni i-GDP ke kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba i-GDP sisichazi sento eyaziwayo njengeGross Domestic Product. Oku kubhekisa kubutyebi ilizwe elinalo ngonyaka omnye. Ngamanye amagama, sithetha ngesalathi sezoqoqosho esithathela ingqalelo ixabiso lemali lempahla kunye neenkonzo eziveliswa lilizwe ngonyaka.
Elinye igama le-GDP yiGross Domestic Product (GDP), Ke ukuba uyayibona inezinye izifinyezo, uyazi ukuba zithetha ngento enye.
Ngoku, kutheni ulinganisa ixabiso lezoqoqosho kunye neenkonzo zelizwe? Ewe, kungenxa yokuba esi salathisi sinceda ukwazi ukuba ilizwe likwisimo sokukhula kwezoqoqosho, lihlile okanye, ngelishwa, alilunganga (Oko kukuthi, endaweni yokukhula, liyancipha).
Enye into ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo malunga nokuba yeyiphi na i-GDP. Kule meko, Ngubani esimtyala uSimon Kutznets owayifaka kwingxelo evela kwiminyaka yoo-30 xa iiakhawunti zemali zenziwa eUnited States. Ngapha koko, khange ibandakanye kuphela loo mbono, kodwa uninzi. Kwaye okwa "qamba" kwamzuzela uNobel kwi-economics.
Kuya kufuneka ucace ukuba le nto ithatha amanyathelo esi salathisi yimveliso «yangaphakathi»; Sithetha ngeemveliso kunye neenkonzo ezenziwe kweli lizwe, hayi ezo zingeniswa elizweni. Yonke into eveliswayo kweli lizwe ibalwa ngale mveliso "yasekhaya".
Ukusetyenziswa kweGDP
Alithandabuzeki elokuba le nto ingabizi kakhulu iluncedo. Kodwa awunakumthemba i-100%. Kwaye ayisiyonyani kuba ine "mingxunya emhlophe", oko kukuthi, kukho imiba ethile abangayiqwalaseliyo kwaye enokuthi ibeke imeko kwisiphumo sayo. Umzekelo, phakathi kwamanqaku amabi esi salathisi ngala:
- Oko akubandakanyi uqoqosho lonke lwelizwe. Ijolise kuphela kwinto eziyivelisayo, ewe, kodwa iyazityeshela izinto ezingaphandle (iinkampani ezigqithisela umsebenzi kwamanye amazwe kodwa zenze inzuzo kweli lethu), imveliso yokuzenzela, okanye ukuthengisa okuthe gabalala. Yonke loo nto kufuneka idlale indima, kodwa ayiyenzi.
- Aluthatheli ngqalelo uqoqosho lwabantsundu. Kwaye yinto ebalulekileyo yolwazi kuba, ngoku, i-25% yoqoqosho lwaseSpain, oluninzi kakhulu kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba luqoqosho "oluphambili".
- Ayilinganisi intlalontle. Umdali we-GDP ngokwakhe wabhengeza ngo-1932 ukuba isalathiso sakhe sasinesiphene esikhulu, ukuba sasingenakukwazi ukumisela impilo yelizwe elinedatha, yiyo loo nto, xa uthetha ngokukhula kwezoqoqosho, umntu kufuneka athathele ingqalelo enye izikhombisi.
Iindidi ze-GDP
Ngoku ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni i-GDP, lixesha lokuba ufunde ezi ntlobo zintathu zikhoyo. Kwaye yile GDP ngokwayo inokubakho ngeendlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: Igama, iNene kunye nePerita.
- Igama elibizwa ngokuba yi-GDP lixabiso lemali, Ngamaxabiso entengiso akhoyo, weempahla kunye neenkonzo zelizwe elenziwa ngaphezulu konyaka. Ngale ndlela, iya kubonisa utshintsho olunokuthi lwenzeke ngokwenyuka kwamaxabiso okanye ukuncipha.
- I-GDP yokwenyani yahlukile kuleya yangaphambili kuba ixabiso lemali eliqwalaselweyo ngamaxabiso asoloko ekho.
- Ekugqibeleni, I-GDP ngomntu ngamnye inento yokwenza noluntu. Ingachazwa njengesiphumo sokwahlula i-GDP ngenani labemi ilizwe elinalo ngonyaka.
Uyibala njani i-GDP
Elinye inqaku elibalulekileyo ekufuneka ulithathele ingqalelo yile GDP kukuba kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuyibala. Zonke zilungile, kwaye iya kukunika ixabiso elichanekileyo lokuba liphi ilizwe. Kodwa zibalwa ngokwahlukileyo. Ke, ezi ndlela zintathu zisetyenzisiweyo zezi:
Indlela yeendleko
Ngokukodwa, ifomula yile:
GDP = C + I + G + X - M
Ubonwe ngoluhlobo, awazi nto, andithi? Ibhekisele kwi dibanisa zonke iindleko zabemi kunye neearhente zoqoqosho, kunye notyalo mali, inkcitho yoluntu kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle; kodwa kuya kufuneka uthabathe ukungenisa ngaphakathi.
Ngamanye amagama, sithetha ngesixa sonke senkcitho yabemi kwimpahla kunye neenkonzo ngexesha elinikiweyo, apho ukongezwa kwemali eyinkunzi kunye nokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe. Lonke eli xabiso lishenxisiwe ngokungenisa ngaphakathi ukufumana i-GDP.
Indlela yengeniso
Eyaziwa ngokuba yindlela yengeniso, le fomyula imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
I-GDP = RA + EBE + (iirhafu-izibonelelo)
Ngayo, uya kuyazi Isimbuku sento efunyanwa lilizwe okanye engenayo. Yiyo loo nto sifumanisa ukuba kufuneka songeze umvuzo wabasebenzi (iRA) kunye nentsalela yokusebenza (i-EBE) apho kongezwa umahluko phakathi kwerhafu kunye nenkxaso.
Ixabiso elongeziweyo indlela
Ifomula imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
I-GDP = i-GVA + iirhafu-izibonelelo
Apha, Sine-GVA lixabiso elipheleleyo elongezwa kwilizwe. Ngale fomyula, ukuthengiswa kweemveliso kunye neenkonzo kuyongezwa, kuhlala kuyinkcitho yezinto ekrwada okanye ezinye izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuzenza.
Ngalo lonke olu lwazi unokucaca ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni i-GDP kunye nendlela yokuyibala, kunye neendidi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ewe kunjalo, kukho iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu kunye neziqinisekiso, zobungakanani obukhulu, ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo kulo mbono, kodwa njengokubonisa kuya kukunika umbono wokubaluleka kwesi salathisi kuqoqosho nakwilizwe.