Ngokwedatha yamva nje yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo, ukusukela ngeJanuwari ka-2018, ipenshoni yomndilili wesizwe ibingu-1.074 euros ngenyanga. Isixa esikhule kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ngaphandle kwengxaki yezoqoqosho, ngama-40%. Ngo-2007, umhlala-phantsi wawuyi-766 nje yee-euro ngenyanga. Ilizwe laseBasque, iAsturias kunye neMadrid ziindawo ezizimeleyo ezihamba phambili, ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, iExtremadura kunye neGalicia azifikeleli kwi-900 euros ngenyanga kwaye zihlala zinemivuzo ephantsi. Kwelinye icala, umahluko ngokwesini uyaphawuleka: ngelixa umvuzo wamadoda uyi-1.244,7 euros, leyo yabafazi ihleli kwi-794,4 euro. Oko kukuthi, phantse i-euro ezingama-500 zomahluko.
Ngexesha lokufunda ezi datha, ngokuqinisekileyo uyakucinga ngepenshini oza kuyithatha kanye kanye xa kufika umhlala-phantsi. Kuba kwiimeko ezininzi kunokwenzeka ukuba awunalo uluvo olucacileyo lwexabiso eliya kuthi lihambelane nawe kweli nqanaba libalulekileyo lobomi bakho. Kuba eli qhinga linokukunceda ucwangcise kwangaphambili iminyaka yegolide. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba unako yongeze ngomvuzo owongezelelweyo, ezinje ngezo zithathwa kwiingxowa-mali zabucala okanye kwizicwangciso zepenshini.
Ewe, ukubala ipenshini ayisiyonto ilula kwasekuqaleni. Kungenxa yokuba phakathi kwezinye izizathu kuya kufuneka uzithathele ingqalelo izinto ezininzi ezifunekayo ukuze wenze ifayile ye- ubani yomhlala-phantsi. Ukuya kuthi ga apho iminyaka yemirhumo ayonelanga njengokuyiqokelela kweli nqanaba lobomi bakho. Nangona le yimeko ethe ngqo ngakumbi, kodwa apho unokuzibona untywiliselwe kwaye kulunge kakhulu ukuba ubathathele ingqalelo kwaye ubuncinci babe nakho ukubona kwangaphambili le meko.
Ipenshoni engenagalelo
Enye yezinto zokuqala zokuhlalutya kukuba ingaba uncedisile na iminyaka eyaneleyo ukuqokelela ipenshoni. Ewe, le meko yenzeka xa kungenjalo Unikele ngaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwaye ke ngoko awuzukuba nalungelo kumhlala phantsi oqhelekileyo. Kwezi meko, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba ipenshoni oza kuba nayo xa unelungelo lokufumana inkxaso-mali evela kurhulumente kubo bonke abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 okanye ngaphezulu, ngaphandle kwelungelo lokuthatha umhlala-phantsi okanye ipenshini eqhelekileyo engakhange isebenze okanye inikezele ngokwaneleyo, kunye "nokuswela" ingeniso.
Ipenshoni engenagalelo kulo nyaka i-2018 ifumene ukonyuka nge-0,25%, ishiya eyayo isixa esimiselweyo kwi-5.178,60 euro ngonyaka, ezihlawulwa ngezavenge ezili-12 zenyanga kunye neentlawulo ezimbini ezingaqhelekanga ngonyaka. Umrhumo ohambelana nokuhlawulisa umntu ngamnye odla umhlala-phantsi uxhomekeke kumvuzo wakhe kunye / okanye kwiyunithi yezoqoqosho yokuhlalisana, kuba lelona xabiso liphezulu kunye nelona xabiso lincinci ekufuneka lihlawuliswe oku kulandelayo esikubhengeza apha ngezantsi:
- Ubuninzi besabelo PNCI-369,90 i-euro / inyanga eneentlawulo ezili-14 kwabo bazicelileyo kwaye banelungelo lokufumana umrhumo opheleleyo. Ngentlawulo ephezulu yonyaka ye-5.164,60 euro.
- Ubuncinci bemali ye-PNC: I-92,48 ye-euros ngenyanga eneentlawulo ezili-14 (ubuncinci bemali yonyaka eyi-1.294,65 ye-euro iyahambelana ne-25% yezona mali zininzi zimiselweyo, inani elingezantsi elingenakwehliswa)
Ibalwa njani ipenshini?
Owona mzuzu ubalulekileyo wale nkqubo efanelekileyo ufikile kwaye oko kukwazi ukuba yeyiphi eyona pension uyakuyishiya kanye ngalo mzuzu wokuthatha umhlalaphantsi. Ngale ndlela, kuya kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele ukuba zithini na iminyaka yakho edwelisiweyo. Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka ucele imbali yakho yomsebenzi apho ziya kuboniswa khona ezi datha. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba ukuhlala kwakho emkhosini kuyakhuphisana njengeminyaka yokusebenza kwaye kunokukunceda ukwandisa ixesha lokuvelisa yobomi bakho bobungcali. Phakathi konyaka omnye ukuya kwiminyaka emibini, kuxhomekeke kwimodeli ekhethiweyo yokuba semkhosini. Ayothusi into yokuba le yinyani yokuba indawo entle yabarhafi ayazi nyani.
Kwelinye icala, enye into ekufuneka uyiqwalasele ukusukela ngoku kukuba ipenshoni yomhlala phantsi iya kubalwa ngokusekwe kule minyaka ingama-25 idlulileyo yokurhweba. Oko kukuthi, iminyaka yokuqala yobomi bakho bokusebenza ayizukuchaphazela, njengoko kwelinye icala kusengqiqweni ukuqonda. Ngesi sizathu, okwenzekayo kuwe kwinxalenye yokugqibela yobomi bakho obusebenzayo kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kulapho kanye xa isixa sokwenyani sepenshini oyifumanayo simiselwe ngokwenene. Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuyandisa le nxalenye yobomi bakho kunokukunceda kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwimimiselo yangoku ebonisa.
Uthini umthetho osisiseko?
Ngokuqinisekileyo uyazibuza ukuba ingaba isiseko sakho solawulo somhlala-phantsi sibalwa njani. Ewe, ngo-2022 iziseko zegalelo zokugqibela 25 iminyaka ukubala isiseko solawulo semhlala phantsi. Kuba ngeli xesha kugqityiwe ukusetyenziswa kumaxabiso angama-2018 kwiminyaka engama-21. Kodwa eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi na imigaqo esisiseko eya kusebenza kuwe ngalo mzuzu wokuthatha isigqibo ebomini bakho.
Kwinto onayo ngoku elula ukusukela ngoku, awuzukukhetha ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba yintoni umphumo wokwahlula isixa se isiseko ukucaphula zomsebenzi kwinyanga engaphambi komhla wokuqaliswa kokukhubazeka ngenani leentsuku ekubhekiswe kuzo umnikelo. Lo mahluko uya kuxhomekeka kumvuzo onawo kunye neentsuku zemirhumo. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba umahluko obalulekileyo unokuveliswa phakathi komnye okanye omnye umhlala-phantsi. Ayothusi into yokuba yinxalenye yenkqubo ukubala ngokuchanekileyo.
Mingaphi iminyaka ecatshuliweyo?
Inqaku elinye eliza kucaciswa lelo linento yokwenza nobuncinci beminyaka ekufuneka ubenegalelo kwaye wonwabele umvuzo wezi mpawu kwaye ngenxa yoko ungaxhomekeki kwimali yepenshini enokubakho enokwenzakalisa umdla wakho wemali kwiminyaka yegolide. Ukuze ungathandabuzi nakancinci, injongo kukuba ku-2027 kuyakufuneka ukuba udweliswe Iminyaka engama-37. Oko kukuthi, iyonke Iinyanga ezingama-444 zokufumana ipenshini epheleleyo ehambelana nawe ngokusekwe kwiminyaka oyisebenzileyo.
Omnye umbuzo ohluke kakhulu kukuba lowo unento yokwenza nenyani yokuba elona nani lincinci leminyaka lidwelisiweyo Qokelela 100% yepenshini. Kuba iyakwahluka kwinani elincinci leminyaka ukuqokelela ipenshoni encinci. La magama mabini ekufuneka uwahlule ngokucacileyo ukubala ipenshini oza kuyithatha ngeli xesha. Ngaphezulu kwayo nantoni na ukuze ungafikeleli nakuphi na uhlobo lweempazamo kwaye oko kungakwenzakalisa kwesi sigaba sohlalutyo kwingqokelela yepenshini. Ayothusi into yokuba kuqheleke ukuba ngaphezulu komntu omnye othathe umhlala phantsi bothuswe ngabangaphezulu kwesinye ngalo mzuzu ubalulekileyo ebomini babo.
Ngaba ndingahlala phantsi ngaphambi kwexesha?
Le yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo onokuzibuza zona ukusukela ngoku. Ngale ndlela, kwimeko yokunyanzelwa kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi, inokwenziwa ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emine ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala yomhlalaphantsi ngokusemthethweni. Kodwa ukuze ufezekise le njongo uyifunayo, awuzukukhetha ngaphandle kweminyaka engama-33 yeminikelo. Nangona izakucamngca ngothotho lwezohlwayo kunyaka ngamnye okanye kwikota kwangaphambili. Njengomphumo wale misebenzi yocwangciso-mali, uya kufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba umhlala-phantsi kwangaphambi kwexesha uya kwenziwa phantsi kwepenshini engakhuphisani kangako. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba ungafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba ekugqibeleni ayifanelekanga ukufikelela kweli nqanaba kwiminyaka yegolide.
Kwelinye icala, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukusukela ngoku wohlule ukubalwa kwepenshini yoluntu kwixesha elizayo ube ngamanyathelo amane onokuthi uwenze. Kwaye oku kubhekisa kwezi zinto zixabisekileyo zilandelayo esikubhenca zona ngezantsi:
- Qikelela ubudala apho sinokufikelela khona umhlalaphantsi.
- Bala isiseko sokumisela ukusuka kwiziseko zomrhumo yeminyaka yokugqibela phambi kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi.
- Faka isicelo se oluhlengahlengisiweyo kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka edwelisiweyo.
- Faka isicelo se uzinzo (ukusukela ngo-2019).
Yimalini oyakuyishiya xa uthatha umhlalaphantsi?
Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba isixa sepenshini sigqitywa sisiseko solawulo kwaye ukubala kubalulekile ukuba uthathe iziseko zegalelo kule minyaka idlulileyo yegalelo. Iya kuba ngumsebenzi olula kakhulu kuba kubonisiwe kwimivuzo ebonelelwe ziinkampani. Kukho nawuphi na, ungalibali ukuba iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo aziyi kuthathelwa ngqalelo kwaye kuzo zonke iimeko zihlaziywa nge-CPI yayo yonke iminyaka. Nangona ukwanda kwayo kuncitshisiwe kuba kunqabile ukuba kudlule isithintelo se-3%.
Okokugqibela, kukho olunye ulwazi olufanelekileyo kukuba imeko yozinzo iyakusebenza kuphela kwabo basebenzi bathathe umhlala-phantsi ukusukela ngeyoMqungu ka-2019. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ngoku uqokelela ipenshoni enegalelo, ayizukuchaphazela konke konke. Kodwa ngokuchaseneyo iya kuba yekamva. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba umahluko obalulekileyo unokuveliswa phakathi komnye okanye omnye umhlala-phantsi.