Ngaphambi kokuba yenziwe Arhente yeRhafu, iiSocialists bezisebenzisa ulungelelwaniso, kwaye mva nje kuye kwathiwa malunga ukwenziwa irhafu ngokungaqhelekanga neziphumo zezibophelelo zerhafu zabahlawuli berhafu phantsi kwayo.
Ukuthetha malunga uxolelo lwerhafu eSpainOkokuqala kufuneka uyazi intsingiselo ye "uxolelo" ukusukela ekuqaleni. Umbono wawo uthi uxolelo kuxa uRhulumente enika uxolelo ngokwaphula umthetho, nokuba ngamatyala athile okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uxolelo lwerhafu Iyaziwa njengenyathelo elisetyenziswayo, ngexesha elithile, ukuxolela abo bangakhange bahambisane nezibophelelo zabo zerhafu ngelo xesha, oku kusetyenziswa komthetho othile othetha ngokungathobeli kwi-rostrum, efana ukufihla imali engeyoyabo kwaye bayigcine kubo. Umntu ochaphazelekayo unikwa setha ixesha lokuhlawula ityala ngokutshintshela kuhlobo oluthile lokuxolelwa.
Kukho izohlwayo ezinikwa abantu ababanjelwe uxolelo ngenxa yamatyala kwaye banomhla wokuphelelwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu onetyala lemali unexesha elimisiweyo lokuhlawula ipropathi ebiweyo.
Emva koko siza kuthetha ngakumbi malunga nokuxolelwa kwirhafu, nangabanye iimpawu kunye neziphumo zazo eziphawulekayo.
Ukuxolelwa kwirhafu kunye neziphumo zayo
E-Spain ezinye uxolelo lwerhafu yobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye neziphumo, Njengeyaziwayo Isibhengezo serhafu esikhethekileyo, othetha ngeeasethi ezibhengeziweyo kunye nemali efihliweyo ngaphakathi kweendawo zerhafu kunye nemali. Ukuze ungakhokeleli kwizohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho, umntu ohlawula imali etyaleni unikezelwa kunye ne-10% eyongezelelweyo.
Ukusebenza koxolelo kwirhafu
Ingathathelwa ingqalelo njengesibonelelo se- batyala ityala kuba iyawaxolela amatyala kunye nezohlwayo zondyebo, kwaye olu hlobo lokumiselwa rhoqo lunokwenziwa eSpain ngenyanga kaNovemba ka-2012 ngurhulumente kaMariano Rajoy owayengenaso isiqingatha sonyaka eLa Moncloa, eyayiquka hlaziya iiasethi ezingachazwanga ngexabiso elinye le-10% kwiinkampani eziye zaqhatha uNondyebo nangayiphi na indlela.
Kwimeko yesiqhelo kufuneka ubhengeze kuphela Ii-asethi okanye ingeniso ebingabhengezwanga ngaphambili kwaye ngokucacileyo ayibhalwanga kwangaphambili; Kule nto kufuneka siyikhumbule into yokuba ummiselo wokulinganiselwa ngaphakathi kwirhafu yiminyaka emi-4, nangona kwimeko yolwaphulo-mthetho irhafu umda yiminyaka emi-5, kwaye kwiimeko ezithathwa njengezingaqhelekanga, ummiselo wezithintelo ufikelela kwi-10 iminyaka.
Usebenza njani?
Masithi ukuhanjiswa kwepropathi ngonyaka ka-2000 kwaye inxalenye yemali yaqokelelwa, eyayisisigidi se-euro, esingachazwanga, imali eyadluliselwa kwibhanki yemvelaphi yelinye ilizwe. Ngoku, sithathela ingqalelo oku, masikhumbule ukuba kulungelelwaniso olungaqhelekanga lwerhafu ekuvunyelwene ngalo ngoNovemba 2012, i-10% yezigidi zeerandi akufuneki zingenwe, kuba ukufunyanwa kwaloo ngeniso kwenziwa ngonyaka ka-2000, unyaka ekumiselwa ngawo ukufumana ingeniso.
Ngokwenyani, bekufanele ukuba yintoni Isibhengezo sisivuno esifunyenwe kwisigidi ngasinye kule minyaka mine idlulileyo, lowo yayingummiselo osikelwe umda.
Ngokuchanekileyo kule nto ibandakanya amayeza amiselweyo; Ingeniso eveliswe ngonyaka ka-2000 sele imiselwe ngonyaka ka-2012. Ingxaki ekukuphela kwayo kule meko ibiya kuba kukukwazi ukubonisa ukuba ngenene ibeyingeniso eyenziwe ngonyaka ka-2000, kananjalo nokubonisa ukuba umvuzo ayiveli kulo naluphi na uhlobo lolwaphulo-mthetho.
Ukuxolelwa kwirhafu kumkhulule umhlawuli werhafu ukubangaba wenza rhoqo, kodwa kuphela ukuba lihlengahlengisa ityala lerhafu elinokuthi lingene kwisivumelwano, kodwa alisoze kwaye akukho meko kulo naliphi na ulwaphulo-mthetho olungahlawuli rhafu njengokuxhaphaza imali.
Ewe, kwimeko ekhankanywe apha ngasentla, i-10% ye ibuya kule minyaka mine idlulileyo Kwifom eyi-750 yenyanga ka-Novemba ka-2012 yokuqokelelwa kwerhafu ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye, ukusukela ngo-2013, ngaphakathi kwefomu 720 ethetha ngokubhengezwa kweeasethi phesheya, kwaziswa kuphela ukuba kwiakhawunti yebhanki ebekwe phesheya isigidi seerandi sigciniwe.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku siwenzile onke amatyala erhafuKe ngoko, kuyacaca ukuba imodeli yokulinganisa irhafu eyi-750 kunye nemodeli engama-720 yokubhengezwa kweeasethi phesheya akusoloko ifuna ukungqinelana ukuba kukho nayiphi na ingeniso ababefuna ukuyibhengeza ngexesha lika-2012 yayisele ichaziwe kuba emva koko ayizange kufuneka ibhengezwe.
Oku kuthathwe njengesihloko sencoko mva nje, kuba ngenxa yokuqhelaniswa nerhafu engaqhelekanga ulwaphulo-mthetho lwerhafu luyathintelwa kodwa ayizizo zonke ezinye zolwaphulo-mthetho ezinokwenzeka ngenxa yemvelaphi yezo asethi zingabhengezwanga ngomhla wabo.
Iinkxalabo zokuqala
Abanye abahloli babecinga ukuba uxolelo lwerhafu lwaluya kuthetha ukuba isazela sabathile rhafu abathembekileyo siza kutyunyuzwa, kwaye oku kuya kuchaphazela ingqokelela ngamaxesha okuzithandela.
Esi yayisisizathu seziphumo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya nokuwohloka isazela serhafu labanye abantu kwaye oku kwabangela ezinye izikhalazo, kuba abanye abantu babethanda ukuthatha uxolelo, benoluvo lokuba lonke ulwaphulo-mthetho lwabo lwerhafu luza kuxolelwa, lwangena kwiingxaki zomthetho ngelixesha kusaziwa ukuba imali kulo Mcimbi inemvelaphi yolwaphulo-mthetho. .
Iirhafu ezahlukeneyo zerhafu kunye nobukhulu bazo
Amaxhala ahlukeneyo enziwe kumgaqo-siseko waseSpain, kodwa ngeli xesha uNondyebo uyazisile inyani yokuba ngaphandle kwento yokuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lwerhafu luya kuxolelwa, imvelaphi yemali iyakuphandwa nangayiphi na indlela, kuba kwimeko yokungabikho mthethweni, ezinye iindlela zamanyathelo ziya kuthathwa.
Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko ye- ukuxolelwa kwirhafu akukho mfuneko yokujonga imvelaphi yemali, kuba uNondyebo angaphanda ngaphakathi kwinxalenye yezemali hayi eyomthetho. Oku akuthethi ukuba umntu angaxolelwa nakanjani na, kuba ukuba imali inemvelaphi engekho mthethweni, oku kungafunyanwa kamva kubulelwa ezinye iindlela zamanyathelo, ezinje ngophando lwezomthetho olunoxanduva lokumisela umthetho, okanye uhlobo oluthile lokucoca ulwelo.
Ngo-2010, ezinye iiakhawunti ezingafunekiyo kwi-HSBC zafunyanwa kwilizwe laseSwitzerland, ngelixa uJosé Luis Rodríguez Zapatero wayesemandleni. Yayingunyanzeliso lukarhulumente kohlukahluka abanini beakhawunti ezahlukeneyo abathathe inxaxheba kwimpikiswano. Kule meko, abahloli babengabakhalazi beli hlobo lonyango njengesilumkiso kwabo bakhohlisa.
Uxolo ngo-2012
Uxolelo lwerhafu olwamkelwe ngurhulumente ngo-2012 yamkela abarhafi abangama-31.484 ababefihle imali bengachazanga mali. Ngaphezulu kwe-40.000 yezigidi ze-euro zavela kwaye izigidi ezili-1.200 zaqokelelwa uMbuso.
Uninzi lwabantu abadumileyo bachatshazelwe luxolelo lwerhafu olwamkelwa ngo-2012, nalapho i-Arhente yeRhafu yabhengeza ukuba abanye babarhafi babephantsi kophando olungqongqo malunga nemali, kuba zazikhona izikhombisi zemali. Phakathi kwabo bachaphazelekayo ngabapolitiki, iijaji, abatshutshisi noonozakuzaku.
Uxolelo lwerhafu namhlanje
Phambi nasemva koxolelo kwirhafu eSpain iya kuphawulwa, kuba Nge-30 kaJuni 2017 kuya kumiselwa kwaye amatyala okugqibela Abarhafi kuxolelo, apho imali ifihliwe ingekaphandwa yi-Arhente yeRhafu eSpain, amatyala enziwe ngaphambi kokusekwa kweSibhengezo seRhafu esiKhethekileyo ngoJuni 2012.
Kubhengeziwe ukuba amatyala agcina uhlobo oluthile lobudlelwane kunye neerhafu aya kungena kule minyaka mine ukuba azange enze ibango eligunyazisiweyo. Oku ngaphandle kwamatyala amakhulu kune-120.000 euros, ethathelwa ingqalelo njengelityala lerhafu kwaye anommiselo wokulinganiselwa ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emihlanu. Thatha ingqalelo ukuba xa ufika kwi-euro engama-600.000, isongezelelo sexesha sisetyenzisiwe, esinokuba malunga neminyaka eli-10.
Imihla emiselweyo ikwenziwe ukuba ichaze imali efihliweyo ukusuka ku-2008 ukuya ku-2010.
Ke, xa kufika uJuni 30, 2017, abarhafi kuxolelo lwerhafu kufuneka ukuba sele benike i-10% yemali efihliweyo kuloo minyaka apho uxolelo lwerhafu lwalungekasebenzi (2008, 2009 no-2010). Kwiminyaka engaphambi kwalonto abasangenisi kwisicwangciso sokuxolelwa kwirhafu kwaye bakude ukuba bangaphathwa yiArhente yeRhafu.