La Uxanduva lwenkxaso maliIsebenza ngaphandle komlinganiswa kwaye ngendlela eshiyekileyo kwimeko yokugqibela xa kukho ukungahlawulwa kwinkampani.
Ukuba, xa umhla ofanele ukuhlawulwa kweli tyala ufikile, inkampani, njengomtyali ophambili, ayiyithobeli imbophelelo yayo yokuhlawula, iya kubhenela kwimfuno yentlawulo Abaphathi abancedisayo abanxulumene nenkampani.
Oku kuyakwenziwa okoko umboleki-mali ebonisa ukuba umsebenzi wokuhlawula onenkampani njengoyena mntu utyalayo usilele kumalinge aliqela, kwaye khange ikwazi ukusombulula ingxaki okanye ukuthobela uxanduva oluhambelanayo.
Yintoni eyona nto ibonakalisa uxanduva?
Iphawuleka ngokubaluleka ngokuba yenye apho ityala lilonke lenkampani linokufunwa, kwi abatyali abaphantsi, kuphela kwimeko apho kwenziwe iinzame zokuqokelela ityala, ngaphandle kwempumelelo kumalinge.
Yilapho umntu onetyala ancedisayo kufuneka aphendule, kwimeko apho otyalwayo ophambili, oko kukuthi, inkampani iyonke, khange ikwazi ukuphendula ngokwezoqoqosho kwingxaki eboniswe yinkampani.
Kungenxa yoko le nto, ukuba inkampani ikutyala isixa esithile semali, kuya kufuneka uzame ukuyiqokelela amatyeli aliqela, ujonge ukuba uluntu aluphendulanga na, kulapho kuya kufuneka ujongane nobungqina kwaye ukwazi ukuqala ibango lobutyala Unamalungu oluntu anamatyala afunyenwe yinkampani.
Ityala lenkxaso-mali, njengoko kumiselweyo nguMthetho 58/2003, iRhafu Jikelele, luxanduva oluwela emntwini xa kwaphulwe ikhontrakthi ngumntu wesithathu kumbutho.
Umzekelo woXanduva lweNkxaso
Ngokomzekelo, inkampani ngumphathi oncedisayo xa ikontraka ethe ngqo yabasebenzi, ingayithobeli imiqathango yezabasebenzi nokhuseleko lwentlalo nabasebenzi.
Lo uxanduva oluncedisayo iwela emntwini ongagqibekanga ekuhlawuleni ityala lomntu wesithathu. Kule ndawo, ngenxa yokuba ityala lingenakufunwa ngumnini ngokufanayo, i uxanduva lokuhlawula kwabo batyunjelwe ikhontrakthi okanye, ukusilela oko, kubo umthetho ohambelana nawo umisela njengabaqinisekisi balowo unetyala.
Umzekelo:
Ukucacisa ngakumbi, oku akuthethi ukuba Ityala liwela ezandleni zeqela lesithathu, kuba ingoyena mntu uphambili onoxanduva anokufuneka ukuba ahlawule, kodwa ukuba olu xanduva lukhankanyiwe kwisivumelwano, kuya kufuneka kuthotyelwe ngokusemthethweni, ukucacisa le ndawo ngakumbi, kufanele kuqatshelwe noxanduva lwamaqabane kwiqela elihlangeneyo okanye lombutho :
- Personal
- Isolidaria
- Unlimited
- Inkxaso-mali
Isiqendu 127 C. de C. ishwankathela loo nto Onke amaqabane ayinxalenye yobambiswano oluhlanganyelweyo anyanzelekile kwaye ngokudibeneyo anyanzelekile, nazo zonke iiasethi abanazo, kwimisebenzi eqhutywayo eyenziwayo egameni lombutho, phantsi komtyikityo wayo, oya kuthi uphendule kuwo wonke ukuba unxulumene, ukusukela Zombini iinzuzo kunye nelahleko kwabelwana ngazo.
Kwakhona i ubugcisa. 237 C. de C. iyamisela oko ipropathi okanye izinto ezizezakho zamaqabane ngokubanzi ezingabandakanywa kwiiasethi zombutho xa wawusekwa, azinakuthengiselwa ukuhlawulwa kwezibophelelo okanye amatyala ekuvunyelwene ngawo yinkampani, kodwa emva kokwenza intengiso iyonke yeeasethi zenkampani.
La uxanduva lwawo onke amaqabane Kubandakanya oko kusekwe kwizivumelwano, ezokwenza okungekho mthethweni kunye noxanduva kwezomthetho.
Isiseko soqoqosho
Amaqabane angamalungu e-SL kunye ne-SA afumana uxanduva olulinganiselweyo ngexesha lokungenisa kulawulo lwenkunzi.
Kwelinye icala, Intsebenziswano ehlangeneyo ayixhomekekanga kulawulo olufanayoKe ngoko, umntu wesithathu ushiyekile engakhuselekanga kwimeko yeengxaki zemali, ngakumbi ezo zibangelwa kukungabinayo ikhontrakthi abangenalo ithuba lokukhetha abo banamatyala kubo.
Ke ngoko, uluntu oluhlangeneyo lubonelela ngolawulo olunobhetyebhetye nolusebenza ngakumbi, kwangaxeshanye luseka i uxanduva olungenamda lwamalungu alo.
Luxanduva lomntu
Amaqabane ayinxalenye yobudlelwane bekhontrakthi inkampani okanye inkampani enayo kunye nabantu besithathu, ke Uxanduva olugwenxa aluveli kolo lwalamano.
Ngapha koko, kwenzeka okwahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, umthetho umisela uxanduva olujolise ekukhuseleni amaqela esithathu anokuchaphazeleka. Ke ngoko, urhulumente onyanzelekileyo uyasekwa.
Uxanduva lwamaqabane luphezulu kunolo lwenkampani uqobo, ngendlela yokuba inokufana okuqinisekileyo nokuqiniseka. Isizathu sokuba, inokusetyenziswa mutatis mutandis, kunye nemiyalelo ethile yeKhowudi yoLuntu yaseSpain, ezo zinxulumene nokuqiniseka, ngakumbi ezo zijongana neziganeko.
Ukugqiba, uxanduva lomntu onxulumana naye, unyuka kuphela uye kwimbuyekezo ngomonakalo kwaye awunyanzelekanga ukuba athobele ikhontrakthi ethile phakathi kwenkampani kunye nomntu wesithathu.
Uxanduva ngokudibeneyo
Uxanduva lwamaqabane enkampani ngokudibeneyo, evumela otyalwayo ukuba asebenzise simahla iifayile ze ius ukhetho, Oko kukuthi, ungafaka ibango Naliphi na iqabane ozikhethele lona elihlawula lonke ityala kunye ius variandi, oko kuthetha ukuba iqabane elibanga ityala linokutshintsha ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo.
Inkqubo ye- ulawulo olumanyeneyo lweKhowudi yoLuntu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kolu xanduva kukuba ubumbano luphawulwa ngokuxhamla ubudlelwane bangaphandle, kodwa akusoloko kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubudlelwane bangaphakathi, phakathi amaqabane ngokudibeneyo.
Lokuqala, iqabane linethuba lokubanga ukubuyiselwa kwento ayihlawuleleyo ngokudibeneyo nangoxanduva ngokukuko kulowo ubolekayo, kuba izibophelelo kunye namatyala ayingowenkampani, oko kukuthi, kubo bonke abanxulumana nabo kwinxalenye yabo elungelelanisiweyo.
Yiyo uhlobo loxanduva lwethutyana kwaye ingalawulwa naliphi na iziko, endaweni yoko sisigqibo apho amaqabane ekhululekile ukuba akhethe ulawulo lwangaphakathi apho ulwabiwo loxanduva lwezoqoqosho luya kwabelwana ngalo.
Uxanduva olungenamda
Kulo Isiqendu 127 seKhowudi yoLuntu kuqinisekisiwe ukuba amaqabane aphendula ngayo yonke i-asethi, yangoku kunye nekamva. Kwenzeka ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwimeko apho amaqabane e-SL okanye e-SA, kuba apha uxanduva aluphelelanga kwinto enegalelo njengexabiso eliyinkunzi.
Uxanduva oluncedisayo
Kulo Isiqendu 237 Kumiselwe ukuba ababolekisi benkampani banokujoliswa ngokuchasene namaqabane kwimeko apho baye bazithethelela kwiiasethi zentlalo, ngamanye amagama, kuxa inkampani ingenaso isombulo sokuhlawula ityala ekuvunyelwene ngalo.
Eli nqaku linika amaqabane isibonelelo esikhethekileyo sokhenketho lwe-analog Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa i-guarantor emiselweyo.
Kule meko, umntu obolekayo angawamangalela omabini la maqela, exhomekeke kwisibonelelo se-excusión kwinqanaba lokuphumeza. Iqabane linokukhusela ukuhluthwa kweeasethi zalo ngokubonisa umntu obolekayo ezo asethi zinazo inkampani, ke umntu obolekayo kufuneka kuqala athathe ezi zinto ukuhlawula ityala kwaye ukuba azonelanga, kunokuba njalo ukuba iiasethi ezizezakho amaqabane, ukuthelekisa okanye ukuvimba.
Le nkqubo iyilelwe nge- injongo yokukhuthaza iqabane, ekucacileyo ukuba inolwazi oluninzi kunalowo umbolekayo ngokubhekisele kwiiasethi zenkampani anokuhlawula ngayo ityala lakhe, esebenzisana kwaye akhawulezise yonke inkqubo ukuze otyalwayo afumane intlawulo ngokukhawuleza, endaweni yokunyanzela umboleki okanye igqwetha lakho. ukujonga iiasethi ezibhaliswe yinkampani, ukuchitha ixesha elininzi, imali kunye nomzamo.
Iziphumo zotshintsho kumaqabane
El iqabane elingenayoUkuthetha ngenkampani esele yenziwe ngokusesikweni, liqabane elijoyina umbutho kwaye kwangoko lifumana uxanduva kwimiba eyahlukeneyo, ikakhulu amatyala akhoyo ngexesha lokujoyina inkampani kwaye ngokucacileyo namatyala exesha elizayo.
El iqabane eliphumayoOko kukuthi, lo mntu ushiye inkampani esebenzayo, kufuneka aphendule ngenxalenye yakhe yetyala njengoko wayehamba, kuba inqaku le-1205 leKhowudi yoLuntu imisela ukuba imvume iyonke yomntu obolekayo iyimfuneko ukuze enze isandi esifanelekileyo ukukhulula iqabane kumatyala exesha elizayo ngenxa yetyala.