Zininzi iindlela zokutyala imali kwimarike yemasheya, kubandakanya nediphozithi. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezinoburharha, okanye iimodeli ezikhuselayo ezijolise kuzo gcina imali eyongiweyo. Ukutshintsha kweemarike zezemali kukhokelele kuvela iimveliso ezintsha ukuba banayo kwizabelo kwii-crosshairs. Baja oomatshini abahluke ngokupheleleyo ekusebenzeni, okuya kukwenza ungathandabuzi iinjongo zabo zokwenyani.
Enye yeefomathi ezizezona zifike kwiminyaka yakutshanje ziidipozithi ezakhiweyo. Kwaye ngokukodwa iidipozithi ekubhekiswa kuzo kwintengiso yemasheya. Ezi zenziwe yoyilo ezisekela isicwangciso-qhinga sakho dibanisa iimveliso ezimbini. Kwelinye icala, kudityaniswe kwingeniso yemveli emiselweyo, kwelinye icala, kunye nenye yeemveliso ezichaziweyo kukhuseleko okanye kwiimarike zesitokhwe.
Umxube onokuphucula ngokubonakalayo umvuzo weediphozithi esele zithengiswa ziibhanki ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ayothusi into yokuba inzala abayisebenzisayo ingagqithi kwi-0,5% kwiimeko ezininzi. Ngenxa yesigqibo se-European Central Bank (ECB) ukuya yehlisa ixabiso lemali. Kwaye oko kukhokelele kwimbali eyi-0%. Into engazange ibonwe ngaphambili kwimbali yommandla we-euro.
Iidipozithi ezingenanzuzo kakhulu
Esi sigqibo soluntu sivelise ukuba iidipozithi zexesha zihanjiswa phakathi kwabasindisi abanembuyekezo eyoneleyo, hayi ngaphezulu kwe-0,75%. Ukoyisa la manqanaba awanqongopheleyo akusayi kubakho ndlela yimbi ngaphandle kokwenza uthotho lwezenzo. Enye yazo kukwandisa imigaqo yokusisigxina kwezi mveliso zebhanki. Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2 okanye kwi-3 iminyaka apho imali etyalwe kuya kufuneka ikhubazeke. Unomvuzo ongonelisiyo kwaphela, kuba uya kuphucula kuphela umda ngeshumi leepesenti.
Esinye sezicwangciso ngokuqinisekileyo kubandakanya ukuya kwi unyuselo lwabathengi abatsha njengefomula yokukhuthaza ukuhlawulwa kwabafaki mali. Iya konelisa ngakumbi njengoko iya kunyusa inzuzo yakho ibe malunga ne-1%. Nangona kungalunganga ukuba baya kuba ziidipozithi ezimfutshane kakhulu. Ngamaxesha aphakathi kwenyanga ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-6, kwaye ngaphandle kwamathuba okuzihlaziya xa ziphelelwa lixesha.
Kwaye enye indlela yesithathu, mhlawumbi eyona inenzuzo enkulu, yile ibhekisa ekunxibelelaniseni iidipozithi kwizabelo ngokubanzi. Ngenxa yesi sicwangciso sotyalo mali esisodwa, amaqondo enzala angaphuculwa kakhulu. Kude kube umqobo we-2% ugqithile. Kodwa ke, endaweni yokuqokelela uthotho lweempawu. Hayi ngelize, baya kunyanzeleka ukuba bafezekise iinjongo.
Kufezekiswa ngokubizwa ngokuba yidipozithi eyakhiwe. Baqhutywa ngokuzimisela okukhulu ngamashishini ebhanki ukuya bamba ukugcinwa kwabathengi bakho. Ngeemodeli ezininzi, kubandakanya nezo zinxulunyaniswe nezinye iiasethi zemali (iimali, izinto ezingavuthiweyo, izinyithi ezixabisekileyo, njl. Akukho mida kubungakanani beemarike zabo, njengoko ubona.
Iimfuno zokufezekisa iinjongo
Ngokusebenzisa ezi dipozithi zekota ezinxulunyaniswe nemarike yemasheya, uya kuphucula ukusebenza konga kwakho. Yenziwe Inxalenye evela kumvuzo osisigxina oko kuyakukunika ubuncinci benzala nangona uqinisekisiwe. Malunga ne-0,50%, oya kuhlala uyifumana kwiakhawunti yakho yokujonga xa iphelelwa lixesha. Kwaye enye indawo yotyalo-mali yiyo eya kuthi idityaniswe kwii-equities. Ngebhasikithi yezenzo ezo zinokunyusa inzuzo yokugqibela yemveliso.
Ukuphucula inzuzo kuya kufuneka ukuba ibhasikidi yesitokhwe igqithe ubuncinci beethagethi kwikoteyishini yamaxabiso abo. Le meko ayisoloko isenzeka, kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukuyiphumeza. Kodwa ukuba ibethiwe kulapho uya kuba nakho ukufikelela kwimbuyekezo enkulu kwidiphozithi, enokudlula kwinqanaba le-5%.
Ukuba oku akuphumelelanga, ungakhathazeki kakhulu, kuba Uya kuqinisekiswa ngeminikelo yakho yemali, kwaye ngokupheleleyo. Ngengeniso encinci ngenxa yenxalenye eya kwingeniso emiselweyo. Olunye uphawu oluphambili lwale mveliso iyodwa yokonga kukuba inexesha lokugcina ixesha elide kunezinye iimodeli. Inokufikelela kwiminyaka emi-3, nangaphezulu kwizihlandlo ezithile.
Zakhiwa njani iidipozithi?
Elinye lamagalelo aphambili kukuba inokubhekiswa kuzo zonke iintlobo zeeasethi zemali. Nangona ikhonkco kuthengiso lwesitokhwe lubalasele, kuzwelonke nakwangaphandle kwemida yethu. Kuqhelekile ukufumana iimodeli ezithile zinxulunyaniswe nezona ndawo zimele izalathiso zamasheya: Ibex-35, Eurostoxx-50, Dax, Dow Jones, Nasdaq Composite okanye Nikkei, phakathi kwezona zaziwa kakhulu ngabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi.
Njengoko uza kubona, ungabaqesha ngokusekwe kukhetho lwakho lwabatyali mali, okanye kwindaleko yabo. Ezinye zenzelwe ngokukodwa iiprofayili ezilondolozayo, ngelixa ezinye zijoliswe kubatyalomali abanobundlobongela, okuthetha ukuba kukho umngcipheko othile ekuqeshweni kwabo. Oku kwahluka kwisibonelelo kuthetha ukuba unokukhetha phakathi ngokungapheliyo kweedipozithi ezakhiweyo. Apho amaxabiso amakhulu kwimarike yesitokhwe sikazwelonke ihlala ikhona (i-Endesa, Iberdrola, BBVA, Santander kunye neTelefonica).
Unokuxhomekeka kukhuseleko lwangaphandle oludweliswe kweyona marike zikhethiweyo. Ezi ziinkampani ngokubanzi ngokubaluleka kweshishini, kwaye bagcina imali ephezulu. Akumangalisi ukuba luphawu lwabo bonke abatyali mali, kunye nezo unokukhetha ukuba uza kusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwiimarike zezabelo.
Isicwangciso sezi mveliso zebhanki sisekwe ekuthatheni ibhaskithi yezabelo njengophawu lokutshala imali. Ukuze ngale ndlela ukwahluka okukhulu kuveliswe kwimodeli ekhethiweyo. Yintoni oya kuyiphumeza ngale fomyula? Ewe, ilula kakhulu, ngaphezulu kwayo yonke into ukukhusela imali kulondolozo. Okwesibini, yandisa isakhelo sakho ngaphakathi kwamashishini.
Iinjongo oya kuziphumeza
Ukuba ukhetha le modeli yolondolozo, alithandabuzeki elokuba uya kuba neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzisusa kwizinto ezingaphezulu okanye ezingaphantsi kwesiqhelo. Ukusuka ngalo mzuzu uye phambili, ngenisa uthotho lwenkxaso eya kulungela wena ukuba uyazi. Oku kulandelayo esikubhenca apha ngezantsi.
- Awusoze ubeke umngcipheko kwimali yakho kuba iya kuqinisekiswa kwasekuqaleni, ngentsebenzo encinci eya kuthi iqinisekiswe. Ayisiyomveliso, ke ngoko, umvelisi womngcipheko othile njengoko unokuqondwa ekuqaleni.
- Ungatyala imali eyinkunzi oyikhethayo ngokusekwe kwiprofayile yakho njengesaver. Ezi dipozithi zexesha zinokubhaliswa ukusuka kwixabiso elincinci onke amakhaya, kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwelona liphezulu eliya kumiselwa ngokwemiqathango yemodeli nganye.
- Yindlela ekhethekileyo yotyalo mali, kuba uvula izikhundla kwizabelo kodwa ngaphandle kokukuveza ngqo. Ngale ndlela, awuyi kuba nelahleko phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko.
- Yiyo ezinye izinto ezikhuselayo abo banokuthi benze la manyathelo, ukuzama ukuphucula imida yabo encinci yenzuzo ngebhaskithi yee-equities.
- Banayo malunga ixesha elide kakhulu lokuhlala ngandlela zonke. Kuya kufuneka phi ukuba uqwalasele ukuba kufanelekile ukubhalisela olu hlobo lweemveliso zebhanki.
- Ezi dipozithi zexesha aziqhagamshelekanga kuphela kwii-equity zemveli, oko kukuthi, kwimarike yemasheya. Nakwezinye iimarike zezemali, Ukusukela kwizimali ukuya kwizinyithi ezixabisekileyo. Ngaphandle kwezimbalwa.
- Olu khetho isekwe ekuxubeni elinye icandelo kumvuzo odlulileyo kunye nelinye elishiyekileyo kwahluka. Apho ubalo ngokubanzi luyakuba ngulo omisela umvuzo wezi mveliso zebhanki.
Zenzelwe oobani?
Abamkeli bezi mpawu zikhethekileyo azikho enye ngaphandle kwabatyali mali iprofayili ekhuselekileyo. Abafuni kuvezwa sisiphithiphithi seemarike zezemali kwaye bakhethe ezi modeli zikhuselekileyo. Baza kuvuna kuphela izibonelelo ezincinci kwintsebenzo yentengiso yesitokhwe yokhuseleko olugcinwe kubhasikidi okhethiweyo ukusukela ngexesha lokufakwa kwemali.
Olu khetho lunokwenziwa ngokusesikweni kwixabiso eliphantsi kubo bonke abagcini. Kwaye ngenxa yoko, yenza i ukubonakaliswa okuncinci kakhulu kwiimarike zezabelo. Unokwenza isivumelwano sokukhuseleka, kodwa kunye nee-indices, amacandelo okanye iindawo ezikuzo ukubheja kwezi asethi zemali. Ngayiphi na imeko, ulibale malunga nokufumana imbuyekezo ephindwe kabini ngokungathi ziimarike zesitokhwe.
Izindululo ozifumanayo kwiibhanki zingaphantsi kweminyaka embalwa. Ewe kunjalo, kodwa ngaphandle kwayo yonke into usenazo iimodeli zokungenisa olu phawu lwahlukileyo. Kuya kufuneka ukhethe kuphela ezo ulungelelanise ngcono iprofayile oyivezayo njengesaver encinci, kwaye ulinde inzuzo ephezulu. Yeyona iphakamileyo onokufikelela kuyo kule klasi yeemveliso zebhanki.
Ukungancedi ekuqeshweni
Phakathi kweziphene ziphambili zale modeli yokonga, isibonelelo esincinci onokufumana kwizabelo, nokuba yeyiphi na indlela eyakhiwe ngayo. Ngaphandle kwako nakuphi na ukwahluka phakathi kwezinye zeefomathi kunye nezinye Inkuthazo kule meko iphantsi kakhulu. Ayilolize, kwaye nangona inokubonakala ngenye indlela, awujongi kwimveliso yezabelo. Kodwa kuphela isebenza njengenkxaso ukunyusa intsebenzo yakho yonyaka. Akukho Okuninzi.
Umvuzo wabo, kwelinye icala, uyakuhlala uqokelela xa kufanelekile, kwaye iya kuya ngqo kwiakhawunti yakho yokutshekisha. Ukuba unenkolelo yokuba imarike yemasheya iza kunyuka kwiinyanga ezizayo, kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe ezinye iimveliso zezemali, kodwa bayenza ngokuthe ngqo.