Unondyebo waziwa njengenxalenye yesiseko seasethi yeshishini. Oku kukwabhekisa kwingingqi yayo nayiphi na inkampani apho umsebenzi ophambili kukucwangcisa nokulawula nganye yezenzo ezinxulumene nokusebenza kokuhamba kwemali okanye inokuba kukuhamba kwemali.
Umyinge kanondyebo ubonwa njengobudlelwane obuchongiweyo obukhoyo phakathi kobukhulu bobukhulu kwaye obusivumela ukuba sibonise inani labo. Kwizoqoqosho, umlinganiso ubizwa ngokuba bubudlelwane bobungakanani phakathi kwazo naziphi na izinto ezimbini ozifunayo kwaye esivumela ukuba sibone isiganeko esithile senqanaba lotyalo-mali, inzuzo, njl.
Kumbono we Umyinge wemali Sele inikwe iinkcazo ezininzi, kodwa ukuqonda ukuba yintoni kwaye isebenza njani, umxholo osisiseko uyafuneka ukuqala ngawo, Ubuncwane bezemali ubudlelwane obusivumela ukuba senze umlinganiso wokukwazi kwenkampani ukujongana nentlawulo okanye uthotho lweentlawulo ukukhula kwayo kuhlala kuyinto yexesha elifutshane. Lo mlinganiselo ulinganisiweyo usibonisa amandla ekufuneka eli shishini lethu liwahlawule kula matyala asekwe ngokuvuthwa okungaphantsi konyaka wobalo-mali, oku ngamatyala kunye nemali ekhoyo kwinkampani.
Umyinge wemali yenye yeendlela zokuhlawula amatyala esetyenziswa kakhulu ukwazi imeko yemali yeziko, oku kuthetha ukuba kunjalo; amathuba okuba inkampani kufuneka yenze intlawulo yexesha elifutshane, njengoko besesitshilo, umyinge wemali emithathu apho siza kuthi sichaze ngezantsi:
Umlinganiselo wemali ekhawulezileyo okanye "umlinganiselo wobukho"
Ichazwa ngamagqwetha ohlukeneyo eethiyori yezoqoqosho kunye nethiyori yobalo njengesixa sokwahlulahlula izixa zombini: "ziyafumaneka" kunye "namatyala akhoyo ngoku".
Amatyala akhoyo ngoku = umyinge wobukho.
Lo mlinganiso ubonakalisa ukuba inkampani inakho okanye ayinakho ukubanakho ukujongana namatyala exeshana, oku kuphela ngokufumaneka kwayo okanye kunondyebo.
Umlinganiso wobuchule obulungisiweyo okanye "umyinge wemali engamatyala"
Ikwachazwa ngamagqwetha ohlukeneyo kuqoqosho kunye nethiyori yobalo njenge-quotient ebangelwe kukwahlulahlula amanani omabini:
"Ii-asethi zangoku" kunye "namatyala akhoyo ngoku".
Ii-asethi zangoku ÷ amatyala akhoyo = umyinge wemali emiselweyo. Lo mlinganiso umisela amandla ekufuneka inkampani ihlangabezane nawo neentlawulo ezivela kunyanzeliso lwamatyala akhoyo, oku kubangelwa yingqokelela eyenziwe ziimpahla zangoku. Inkampani ithathwa njengenayo ingxaki yokuhlawula amatyala xa ixabiso lomyinge wemali liphantse lalikhulu okanye lalingana no-1,5 (? Ukuya ku-1,5), okanye ngaphantsi okanye elingana no-2 (? Ku-2).
Kwimeko apho umyinge wemali engamatyala ibonakalisa ukuba ngaphantsi kwe-1,5 (? Ukuya kwi-1,5), inkampani inethuba elikhulu lokumiswa kwentlawulo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuhlawula amatyala okuphantsi kakhulu ukuhlawula iintlawulo ezingaphantsi konyaka-mali.
Kuqhelekile ukuwela kwimpazamo yokukholelwa okanye yokuqikelela ukuba ngobungakanani bemali eyi-1, amatyala exesha elifutshane aya kuzinyaswa kwaye ahlawulwe ngaphandle kweengxaki, nangona kunjalo le yimpazamo, kuba ubunzima bokuthengisa zonke izinto ezikhoyo zexesha elifutshane, ku ukongeza kulwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa ngabaxumi, babonisa ukuba imali eyinkunzi iyasebenza kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu into yokuba iiasethi zangoku ziphezulu kunamatyala akhoyo, oku ngokwembono yolondolozo kunokwanela.
Ukuba imeko yenzeka apho umyinge wemali engaphezulu kwesi-2, inokubonisa ukuba ikhona "Ii-asethi ezingasebenziyo ngoku" ezinokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo inzuzo kunye nokuvelisa ilahleko.
Umyinge kaNondyebo. Ikwachazwa ngabazobi bezoqoqosho kunye nethiyori yobalo njengesixa sezinto ezikhoyo kunye nokuzaliseka, oku kwahlulwe ngamatyala akhoyo ngoku.
("Iyafumaneka" + "iyafezekiseka") ÷ (amatyala akhoyo ngoku).
Esi sisalathiso samandla eshishini ukujongana namatyala exeshana okanye angaphantsi konyaka omnye, ngenxa yoku, ngokubala iiasethi ezikhoyo, kuya kufuneka ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba isitokhwe sempahla asifakwanga. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ukuqaphela ukuba inkampani ayinangxaki yokuhlawula amatyala, ixabiso lentengo ye-treasury kufuneka libe yi-1, oku kunjalo ukuba kukuqikelelwa kokufanelekileyo ekusebenzeni kwenkampani.
Ukuba umyinge wemali ungaphantsi kwe-1 (? Ku-1), inkampani ibeka emngciphekweni wezezimali, njengokumisa iintlawulo ngenxa yokungabikho kwempahla yexabiso engamanzi ukuhlawula ityala kunye / okanye iintlawulo zayo. Ukuba imeko ichasene neyangaphambili, apho umyinge wemali uphezulu okanye ungaphezulu kakhulu ku-1, sisalathiso sokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho ukugqitha kweeasethi ezingamanzi, nto leyo enokubangela ilahleko yenzuzo iimpahla ezifanayo.
Umlinganiselo we-solvency kunye nomyinge wemali
Zombini ezi zilinganiso zijongene nokusibonisa inqanaba lesolvency ekufuneka inkampani ihlawule amatyala ayo, ukuyibeka ngokulula; kulula kangakanani kwinkampani ukuba ihlawule oko ikutyala ngexesha kwaye kungaze kuvelise nzala, konke okwethuba elifutshane. Kukho umahluko osisiseko wokuqonda ukuba zombini zizalisekisa umsebenzi ofanayo, kodwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ngokumalunga nentsingiselo "yobuncwane", kuphela amatyala exesha elifutshane (ngaphantsi konyaka omnye) athathelwa ingqalelo, oku kuthelekiswa nezixhobo inkampani enazo, izixhobo ezingamanzi, okanye ezinokubakho kwixesha elifutshane. Ngale nto sinokubona ukuba umyinge wecandelo lezemali uphethe ukulinganisa ubungakanani benkampani ekufuneka ihlawule amatyala ayo kwithuba elikhawulezileyo.
Umahluko osisiseko phakathi kwaba babini ubonakalisiwe kumyinge we-solvency, ngokuthelekisa kwayo yonke ii-asethi zenkampani kunye namatyala, ngaloo ndlela kusenziwa umboniso wenani elithetha zonke iiasethi namalungelo enkampani, ngokwahlukileyo kumatyala kunye uxanduva loku. Umlinganiso we-solvens ngokwawo sisalathiso esingabhekiseli kulwahlulo lwamatyala exeshana okanye ixesha elide, kwaye ukwahlula phakathi kweeasethi ezingamanzi kunye nezo zingenjalo, ngumlinganiso oqhelekileyo ngakumbi kwaye ungacacanga Icandelo lezemali, ukusebenza kwalo kuyafana kodwa ukusebenza kwalo kwahlukile.
Uyibala njani imali eyiyo ngokuchanekileyo?
Ewe ukwenza lo msebenzi uluhlobo nje lomcimbi wolwazi lwezibalo, nangona kunjalo, akufuneki siyeke ukuthatha ingqalelo ulwazi esinalo kuqoqosho kunye nethiyori yobalo, idatha eninzi iyafuneka ukufikelela kule ilula. ukusebenza.
Ifomula esiza kuyisebenzisa ukubala umyinge wemali yile iboniswe ngezantsi:
Iyafumaneka + Iyafezekiseka li Amatyala angoku = Umyinge weCash.
Ngaba awuyiqondi le nto okanye la magama?
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, nokuba ubusazi ithiyori yezoqoqosho kunye nezobalo, iikhonsepthi ziyalityalwa ngokulula, kuba sikushiya apha intsingiselo elula yento nganye yeengcinga ezikhoyo kwiphepha lomncono lenkampani:
- Yimali, into esiyaziyo nesiyibiza ngokuba "lulwelo" lwenkampani.
- Zizinto zexabiso kunye namalungelo aguqulwa ngokukhawuleza abe yimali, kuyaqondakala ngale nto ukuba sithetha ngabantu abatyalayo, abatyali mali kunye nabathengi, konke okwethutyana.
- Amatyala angoku. Zizibophelelo kunye namatyala anomhla omiselweyo omfutshane.
Enye yeengxaki eziphambili ezinokubakho kwishishini kukungabikho kwembuyekezo yokuhlawula amatyala, inkampani engakwaziyo ukugcina uzinzo kwezemali ikwayinto enye enetyala kwaye iyeke ukuhlawula kwaye ngenxa yoko inetyala ngakumbi nangakumbi kwimidla. Inkampani ayinakufane iphume kule meko ukuba ucwangciso lwayo lwezezimali kunye nolwabiwo-mali belungonelanga, ke ngoko, siyakuqonda ukubaluleka kwezilinganiso ezinje ngomlinganiselo wemali. Inkampani esombulula, mhlawumbi ingangxami, kodwa isebenze ngokukuko kunye namandla, yinkampani ethetha kakuhle ngayo ngendlela yobalo, iba yinkampani etsala amaqabane kunye nababolekisi, ngenxa yokuthembeka nokuthembeka kwayo, kugqamisa ukuzibophelela nokucwangcisa Okwangoku imele iasethi eyomeleleyo yezoqoqosho kuye nawuphina umtyali mali kunye / okanye umbolekisi. Kubalulekile ukumakisha umyinge wemali njengesixhobo esisebenzayo sokwazi ukubekwa kwenkampani yethu kwaye zeziphi iintshukumo esinokuzenza ngokukhawuleza.
Kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba umyinge we-treasury ubonakalisa inkampani kwisolvency yayo efanelekileyo xa ijikeleze i-1. Xa oku kusenzeka, inkampani ikwimeko apho ubudlelwane phakathi kobutyebi bufezekiseka, kunye nokuvuthwa kwamatyala amafutshane okusondela okanye ukufana 1 .