Abatyalomali baseSpain bahlala bekulungele ukutyala imali abayigcinileyo kwizitena. Kulungile ngokhuseleko lwezemali olumele eli candelo libalulekileyo. Kodwa ngaphezulu kwayo yonke into ngokusebenza kwezindlu nomhlaba obanike inzuzo entle kakhulu kumashumi eminyaka adlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, Ingxaki yezoqoqosho ka-2008 ibenze baphinda bacinga ngesi sicwangciso kwaye baqondise utyalo-mali lwabo kwezinye ii-asethi eziyimali, okomzuzwana, ezikhuselekileyo nezinokubakho kuhlumo.
Umbuzo abatyali abancinci nabaphakathi abawubuzayo ngalo mzuzu ngowokuba kungoku nje umzuzu olungileyo ukutyala kwakhona kwisitena. Ewe, kwaye ngokubhekisele kumaxabiso adweliswe kwizalathiso zikazwelonke, emva kokulungisa ngokuqinileyo amaxabiso abo iinkampani zokwakha ezidweliswe kwingeniso eyahlukileyo, kule minyaka idlulileyo baqale ukunyuka okuphezulu okuthe ibakhokelele ekubeni babuyise amaxabiso abo, nangona okwexeshana abalamli bezemali bengagqibi ukukhetha isalathiso secandelo.
Iinkampani zokwakha ezidweliswe kwi-Ibex-35 zibonise uphononongo olubalulekileyo kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, Kwezinye iimeko ezithile ngokusebenza ngcono kunesalathiso esikhethiweyo. Ukongeza, banesivuno esinomdla kakhulu kwisahlulo ngasinye, malunga neepesenti ezintlanu, kwaye singaphantsi kuphela kwamanye amacandelo afana nokubhankisha okanye umbane, ofikelela kwi-5% kwezona meko zibalaseleyo.
Inokulondolozwa phi imali?
Ukuba isicwangciso osikhethileyo sokutyala imali siyisitena, kwaye usijonge ngeequities, unokhetho oluninzi kwisalathiso somgangatho welizwe. Phakathi kukhetho lukazwelonke, iinkampani zokwakha zigqamile kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zeshishini, ezifanelekileyo kuyo nayiphi na iprofayili yotyalomali. I-Sacyr, i-OHL (+ 28%), iFerrovial, i-FCC, i-ACS kunye neAcciona, phakathi kwezona ziphambili.
Bajoyine abanye abadweliswe kwimarike yaseSpain eqhubekayo, enje ngeRealia okanye Inmobiliaria Colonial. Nangona amaxabiso athwala umngcipheko omninzi kunokuba uyimfuneko. Kwaye oko kubonisa ukuvela kwamaxabiso abo kungafani, ukungazinzi okugqithisileyo yonke imihla. Ngumahluko omkhulu kakhulu phakathi kwamaxabiso aphezulu kunye namaxabiso asezantsi, ukuya kuthi ga kumanani amabini kwezinye iimeko. Olu khuseleko apho kunzima kakhulu ukusebenza, kwaye kuphela ngabatyali-mali abaqikelelayo abanobuganga bokuvula izikhundla ngezi asethi zemali.
Amathuba okuvelisa inzuzo enkulu enkulu kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo unokuphulukana nenxalenye elungileyo yolondolozo lwabo kwizikhundla zabo. Ewe ngaphezu kokuba ucinga. Ngaphandle kokuba, kunjalo Sebenzisa umyalelo wokulahleka kokuyeka ukunciphisa iilahleko ezinokwenzeka. Kwaye ngenxa yesi sicwangciso sobuchule, bakhusele ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zeenkampani ezidwelisiweyo zikwimeko enzima yeshishini kwaye oko kunokubangela ukuba baqhubeke nokuhla ezantsi kumaxabiso abo. Akukho lula ukuthatha isikhundlaNokuba iimarike zamashishini ezingenanzala emisiweyo zibonisa ukungabi nasiphako. Ngokuqinisekileyo kukho okungakumbi okulahlekileyo kunenzuzo kuninzi lwesi sitokhwe. Okanye ubuncinci bokusebenza ngenkuthalo, kunye nokuninzi, kodwa uninzi lomonde.
Iingcebiso ezisibhozo zotyalo-mali
Ukuba ucinga ukuba lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuba ubuyele kumkhondo ngokusebenzisa ii-equities, kuyanqweneleka kakhulu ukuba wenze isicwangciso sokwenza ukonga kwakho kunenzuzo. Oko kuyakwenzeka ngokwamkela uthotho lweengcebiso ezinokuba luncedo ekusebenzeni nezi asethi zemali. Kwaye oko kunokukunceda ukuba usebenze ngokwanelisayo ngakumbi kwimidla yakho.
- Ibhaqa amaxabiso anamandla kwimarike, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo baneziphumo zeshishini ezisempilweni. Ukuphepha, nangayiphi na imeko, iinkampani ezinamatyala okanye ezinesiphene kwiimodeli zazo zolawulo.
- Ukuthatha izikhundla kwezi zixabiso kufuneka kukhatshwe ngu Ukuhamba ngokubanzi kwiimarike ze-equity ezikhuthazayo. Iyakwenza ukuba ukuxabiseka kwezabelo kuphuhle ngamandla amakhulu, kude kuphume amanye amaxabiso kwisalathiso esikhethiweyo.
- Awuzukukhetha ngaphandle kokwenza i Ukulandela nzulu iikowuti zakho, banikwe ithuba lokuba baya kukhuthaza izilungiso ezinamandla ezinokuthi zithathe amaxabiso abo ukuya ezantsi kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo.
- Ukuba zikhatshwa ngu Intlawulo yesahluloKungcono kunokuba ngcono, kuba baya kuba nokusebenza okuqinisekisiweyo kunye nokulungiswa rhoqo ngonyaka. Ngokusisiseko, ivela njani kwiimarike zesitokhwe apho zidweliswe khona.
- Ku malunga Izitokhwe ezijikeleze kakhulu eziphendula ngcono kwimijikelezo yokwandisa uqoqosho, ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, badla ngokwenza kakubi kunabanye kumaxesha okuhlaziya, okanye ubuncinci xa kukho amathandabuzo malunga nomsebenzi wezoqoqosho, kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe.
- Ukukhusela ulondolozo lwakho kuya kuba lula kakhulu ukuba dibanisa ezi ntshukumo kunye nezinye iinkampani ezikhuselayo. Hayi ngelize, ukhuseleko luya kuba yenye yeenjongo zakho eziphambili kwezi nyanga zimbalwa zizayo.
- Imalunga lungelelanisa ukuthengisa kunye nokuthenga ukufezekisa imisebenzi enenzuzo ngakumbi. Kwaye ukuba uyabona ukuba ixabiso lentengiso alonelisi, kungcono ushiye ukusebenza ngomnye umzuzu ofanelekileyo.
- Amanye amaxabiso sele ekhona baye bahlawula iimeko ezimbi kakhulu kwaye amaxabiso abo ahlengahlengisiwe, kungoko kunokwenzeka ukuba baphinde bahlaziye kwiinyanga ezizayo ukuba iziphumo zezorhwebo zintle.
Ezinye iindlela zezitena
Ngethamsanqa kuwe kukho ubomi obungaphaya kwengxowa. Y ungatyala imali kwiinkampani zokwakha ngokusebenzisa imali yotyalo mali ngokusekwe kule asethi yemali. Isithembiso sibanzi kakhulu, kwaye ungasidibanisa namanye amacandelo, nkqu nengeniso esisigxina ukunciphisa iilahleko kwezona meko zingathandekiyo kwimidla yakho. Ngokusebenzisa ipotifoliyo yotyalo-mali elungeleleneyo, kwaye iguqulelwe kwiprofayili oyivezayo njengomtyali mali omncinci nophakathi kumaxabiso ezitena.
Kule ndlela, unokukhetha phakathi kwemali eyahlukeneyo yezi mpawu kwaye inokuba yinzuzo kumaxesha athile onyaka. Ayisiyiyo kuphela le mveliso yezemali ekhoyo, kodwa ngokusebenzisa Iimali ezidwelisiweyo (ETF) ezi njongo zinokufezekiswa. Ukuba, nangayiphi na imeko, isikhundla esiphakathi phakathi kokuthengwa kunye nokuthengiswa kwezabelo kunye notyalo mali. Kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi kubandakanya iikomishini ezikhuphisanayo, okanye yintoni enye, engabizi.
Nditsho ukuba ungumtyali mali onoburharha unemvume yokuthatha izikhundla kwinkampani yokwakha kunye nepropathi, kodwa ithatha umngcipheko omkhulu. Kungenxa yokuba inzuzo inokuphindaphindwa, kodwa kwangaxeshanye unokulahla ii-euro ezininzi kwintsebenzo nganye. Ukuba awunalo ulwazi olwaneleyo malunga nokusebenza kwezi mveliso zinobunkunkqele, kuyacetyiswa kakhulu ukuba uyeke ukuzama. Kwaye zama ukuya kwimveliso oyaziyo ngokwenyani kwaye usebenze rhoqo.
Njengokuthengisa ngetyala, okufuna ubuchwephesha obukhulu kwicala lakho. Kwaye ayifumaneki kubatyali zimali abathengisayo abangenamava ekusebenzeni kwabo, kunye nendlela abathenga ngayo kunye neentengiso ezenziwa ngayo. Isenokungabi yeyona ndlela ingcono yokuguqula izinto kwiimpawu zakho.
Buyela kwimodeli efanayo yakudala
Kwaye njengecebo lokugqibela, uyakuhlala unesisombululo sokuthengwa kwezindlu, njengoko benza njalo abazali bakho ngexesha lezitena. Nangona kunjalo, Esi sicwangciso siya kufuna ukuba ube negalelo elikhulu lemali, ngaphezulu kwe-avareji. Kwaye ngaphezulu abaqinisekisi ngembuyekezo yokuba le misebenzi inike eyona minyaka intle yentengiso.
Ukuvavanya oku kunokwenzeka, kuya kuba lula kuwe ukuba ukhumbule ukuba kunzima kubo ukucaphula amaxabiso abo kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, ngakumbi ngenxa yeengxaki zoqoqosho zika-2008. amaxabiso angahambelani nenyani. Njengomphumo wale meko ikhoyo ngoku, kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi kuwe ukufumana imbuyekezo yeminye iminyaka elungele olu hlobo lotyalo-mali.
Kodwa awukabikho kutheni uzikhawulela ekuthengeni izindlu nomhlaba, ukuba awunazo ngokwaneleyo izixhobo zokujongana nalo msebenzi. Kwanele ngokufumana indawo, okanye into enomdla kakhulu, iindawo zokupaka ukuze ukwazi ukwenza imali oyongelayo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo, mhlawumbi nakwiminyaka.
Ngengxowamali encinci, unganyanzelisi kakhulu, unokwenza iminqweno yakho yokubuyela kwisitena iphinde izaliseke. Ngendlela, fumana ibhonasi inyanga nenyanga ukukunceda uhlengahlengiso kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwasekhaya rhoqo ngenyanga. Uya kuhlala uvelisa imbuyekezo kwiiasethi onazo uyiqeshela abanye abantu. Nokuba ngumnqweno wakho, ungayithengisa emva kweminyaka embalwa uzuze imali.
Njengoko ubona, kukho enye indlela enye yokutyala imali kwizitena, kwaye kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezivela kwiprofayili yakho njengomtyali mali. Ngokukhuselekileyo eyona nto inzima iya kubandakanya ukukhetha imodeli yokuhambisa utyalomali. Nangona zininzi, awuyi kuba neengxaki ezigqithileyo zokuthatha isigqibo kukhetho lwakho.
Ngenjongo echazwe kakuhle, ekungeyo enye ngaphandle kokubetha imida yenzuzo embi enikezelwa ngoku ziimveliso eziphambili zokonga. Kuya kunqabile ukuba ufumane ngaphezulu kwe-0,50% kubo, ngenxa yokuba ngokukhawuleza ezona zilungileyo, uya kuthi uhlangabezane nolindelo lwakho. Iya kuba yifomula engaqhelekanga ukubuyela kutyalo-mali olukhethwe yiSpanish ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ephelileyo. Ngoku kuya kufuneka uvavanye ukuba ngaba olu tshintsho kwisicwangciso-mali sotyalo mali silufanelekile.