Kwihlabathi lamazwe ngamazwe, iinkampani azifumani ithuba lokurhweba namanye amazwe kuphela, kodwa zikwanalo nokuvelisa kwelinye ilizwe elingelilo ilizwe eziphuma kuzo. Nangona olu qheliselo luye lwabonakala lunomtsalane kwaye lunengeniso kumashishini amaninzi, namhlanje iintsilelo zokwenza oko zikhokelela iinkampani ukuba zicinge ngokutsha ngale meko. Oko kukuthi, buyisela imveliso kumazwe abasuka kuwo. Oku "kubuyela ekhaya" yinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi-reshoring, kwaye iminyaka ibisiya isaziwa kwaye isenziwa.
Kodwa yintoni na Yintoni eyabangela ukuba umntu afune ukonwaba kwakhona?? Zeziphi ezo zithintelo zokuvelisa kwamanye amazwe? Kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, iinkampani ziya kuzuza ntoni ngokubuyisela iimveliso kwilizwe labo lemvelaphi? Okulandelayo, kunye neempendulo kuyo yonke le mibuzo, sichaza ukuba yintoni iReshoring kwaye imalunga nantoni.
Yintoni iReshoring?
Yinkqubo apho iinkampani zibuyisa i ukwenziwa kunye nokuveliswa kweemveliso zayo kumazwe emvelaphi. Ukuloba kwakhona kwaziwa ngokuba yi-inshoring, onshoring okanye backshoring. Le nto yenzeke ikhuthazwa yilahleko yeenzuzo ebezikade zisenza imveliso yangaphandle yelizwe ibe nengeniso. Umzekelo omkhulu yiTshayina, apho iinkampani ezininzi bezimise amaziko azo emveliso kwaye ngoku zibuyela kumazwe aphuma kuzo.
Kutheni le nto le nto ibaluleke ngakumbi kule mihla yethu inokufumaneka nakwiindaba. Ingcaciso yokuqala yileyo amazwe athile alibonile ixabiso labasebenzi linyuka. Ukuba sinokuhlawula umvuzo ubiza kakhulu, oku kuba yinto engafanelekanga xa kuthelekiswa nento eyayinokuba yinkuthazo kunye nomdla wezoqoqosho kwicala leenkampani. Ukongeza, kwiminyaka engaphambi kwe-Covid, imfazwe yorhwebo phakathi kwe-USA kunye ne-China yabangela ukuba ingabinamdla kangako kuxhomekeke kwinto ethunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle.
Ityala kukuba phakathi kwamanye amazwe, i-2020 yaphawulwa yi ukungabikho kwekhonkco lonikezelo ngenxa ye-Covid enempembelelo yehlabathi. Le yayiyenye inkuthazo kwiinkampani ezininzi ezingenazigqibo ukuba ziqwalasele kwaye ziqalise ukubuyisela imigaqo-nkqubo. Le nto ayizange iyeke, kwaye kutsha nje lo ka-2022 ngenxa yemfazwe phakathi kweRussia neUkraine kunye nemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo kunye nezikhundla ezamkelwe ngoorhulumente abohlukeneyo, zincede ukukhulisa ukuthengisa kwakhona phakathi kweenkampani ezininzi.
Yintoni i-offshoring?
Yinkqubo echaseneyo nokubuyisela unxweme. Oku kukudluliselwa kwenkqubo yokwenziwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle. idla ngokukhuthazwa ngu ukunciphisa iindleko kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa ngenxa yomsebenzi okanye izinto ezikrwada. Iye yathandwa kakhulu kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje ngenxa yokunyuka kwemivuzo yabasebenzi kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho.
Zininzi izinto eziphembelele isigqibo sokufuduswa kweenkampani. Akunjalo nje umnqweno wokwenza iinkqubo zibe nengeniso ngokunciphisa iindleko, ekugqibeleni abanye abasebenzi babengazimiselanga ngokupheleleyo ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Esi siganeko sinokuba sisiphumo, kungekhona unobangela, wokuba inqanaba lemfundo ngokubanzi linyuke. Uninzi lwaba bantu bafaneleke kakhulu baya kuthi ke basebenze kuphando nophuhliso besuka kumazwe abasuka kuwo.
Yintoni ukusondela?
Elinye igama eliye laduma lelokusondeza. Yi indlela ephakathi phakathi kwe-reshoring kunye ne-offshoring. Ibandakanya ukususa amaziko emveliso kunye nokuwafudusela a ilizwe elikufutshane nelizwe lemvelaphi. Ke ezinye iingenelo zokukhuphisana zilandelwa xa indawo endala ingasekho njengengeniso okanye inomtsalane, kwaye ukusondela kwindawo kuyaxatyiswa.
Siye sakwazi ukuyixabisa le nkqubo ngokugqithiselwa kweenkampani ezininzi zase-US ezazise-China eziye zatshintshelwa eMexico. Ngale ndlela, iinkampani zifumana ibhalansi phakathi komgangatho, inzuzo kunye nokhuseleko kumashishini abo.
Iyintoni inzuzo yokubuyisela kwakhona kwaye inika liphi ithuba?
Ilizwe eliqhubekayo eliphuhlayo lizisa imiceli mngeni yeshishini ekunyanzela ukuba ushiye indawo yakho yokuthuthuzela ukuze uphumelele. Isixhobo sokubuyela umva kudluliselo okanye ukufuduswa kweenkampani kubeka uvavanyo kwiindlela ebezisebenza kude kube ngoku. Ukuziphendukela kweteknoloji kunye nokuzenzekelayo zeenkqubo zinceda ekunciphiseni iindleko zabasebenzi ezo ndawo zinokuhlala kuzo. Ngale ndlela, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwezibonelelo kufunyenwe, ukukwazi ukudlulisela inkunzi yoluntu kwimisebenzi enika ixabiso elongezelelweyo kwiimveliso.
Ngapha koko, iimveliso zincinci kwaye zingaphantsi komgangatho, kwaye ukuvula imigca eyahlukeneyo kunye nokwahluka kweshishini ngelixa ukufutshane kumthengi kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba nabuphi na ubunzima abunayo impembelelo enkulu kwiinkampani. Kuba ihlabathi litshintshile kwakhona, ukubuyisela kwakhona kunomtsalane kwaye sondela kubathengi.
Esinye isizathu kukuba intlonipho yepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda esenokungasoloko ilawulwa njengakwilizwe lemvelaphi. Le ngxaki ichaphazela inkampani ngokuthe ngqo kwaye inokutyhafisa uphuhliso lweemveliso zayo ukuba zinokuphinda zenziwe kwakhona. Uphando nophuhliso ludla ngokuthatha ipesenti enkulu yeenzuzo kwiinkampani ezininzi.
Izigqibo
Isenokuxaka into yokuba iinkampani ebezishiye ukuvelisa ngaphandle kwelizwe lazo ngequbuliso ziqalise ukubuya. Nangona kungenjalo ngendlela efanayo, ezi ntlobo zezenzo okanye iindlela zokusebenza aziyonto intsha. Ixesha elide, kunye nezizathu ezahlukeneyo, amashishini agxininise ngaphandle kommandla aye aqhelekileyo. Kwinqanaba ngalinye lala lokufuduswa okanye lokubuya, imingeni emitsha iye yavela ukuba Benze indlela yokwenza ishishini yavela.
Ngaphandle kwemiceli mngeni ebandakanya ukwenziwa ngokutsha, oku kuyakuqhuba kwaye kufune iindlela ezintsha zokugxila kwimveliso. Ngendlela efanayo, kuya kwenzeka ukuba, njengokuba kwakunjalo kwixesha elidlulileyo, indlela eyahlukileyo inokuthatyathwa ngeli xesha. Ukuba sinokujolisa ngokuchanekileyo ubutyebi bomntu obunokuchithwa kwiinkqubo ezintsha zokuzisebenzela, ihlabathi likwanethuba lokunikela ukutsiba okusemgangathweni kwindlela yokwenza izinto.