I-FTSE 100 sisalathiso esenziwe ziinkampani ezinkulu ezili-100 (ngemali eyimali yentengiso) ezidweliswe kwiLondon Stock Exchange (LSE). Zihlala zibizwa ngokuba ziinkampani eziphezulu, kwaye isalathiso sibonwa njengesalathiso esihle sokusebenza kweenkampani ezinkulu ezidwelisiweyo zase-UK.
Ithetha ntoni i-FTSE? Igama le-FTSE 100 livela xa laline-50% yi-Financial Times kunye ne-London Stock Exchange (LSE), ke ngoko i-FT kunye ne-SE ziba yi-FTSE. Ikwabhekisa ekwakhiweni kweenkampani ezili-100.
Ezinye ii-indices ze-FTSE. Kwimarike yase-UK, ezinye ii-indices ze-FTSE zase-UK zibandakanya i-FTSE 250 (iinkampani ezinkulu ezingama-250 ezilandelayo emva kwe-FTSE 100) kunye ne-FTSE SmallCap (ezona nkampani zincinci kunezo). I-FTSE 100 kunye ne-FTSE 250 kunye zenza i-FTSE 350 - yongeza i-FTSE SmallCap kwaye ufumana i-FTSE All-Share.
Imbali ye-FTSE 100
I-FTSE 100 yasungulwa nge-3 kaJanuwari, 1984 kwaye inexabiso lokuqala le-1.000,00. Ukusukela ngoko, ukwenziwa kwesalathiso kutshintshe phantse kungaziwa, ngokudityaniswa, ukufunyanwa kunye nokunyamalala kweenkampani, kugxininisa injongo yesalathiso sokusebenza njenge-barometer yomsebenzi wentengiso. Iyatshintshwa kwikota nganye ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyaqhubeka nokubonakalisa iinkampani ezili-100 eziphezulu.
Ibalwa njani? Inqanaba le-FTSE 100 libalwa kusetyenziswa imali iyonke yentengiso yeenkampani ezizenzayo (kunye nexabiso lesalathiso) ukuvelisa kuphela inani elicatshuliweyo.
Ngenxa yokuba imali iyonke yentengiso ichaphazeleka ngamaxabiso esitokhwe ngasinye seenkampani, njengoko amaxabiso esitokhwe atshintsha imini yonke, ke ixabiso lesalathiso liyatshintsha. Xa i-FTSE 100 "inyukile" okanye "iphantsi," utshintshiselwano lurhweba ngokuchasene nokuvalwa komhla odlulileyo.
Inani olibonayo kwiindaba zangokuhlwa lixabiso lokuvala le-FTSE 100 yolo suku. Ngokwenyani, isalathiso sibalwa ngokuqhubekayo yonke imihla yeveki (ngaphandle kweeholide zase-UK), ukusuka nge-8: 00 kusasa (kuvulwe imakethi) ukuya kwi-16: 30 ngokuhlwa (kwimarike isondele).
Ikuchaphazela njani i-FTSE 100
Inqanaba le-FTSE 100 lichaphazela uninzi lwabantu base-UK, nokuba ngaba abatyali mali ngqo kubo-njengabaphethe ingxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi, abatyali mali babo ekulindeleke ukuba batyale imali kwizitokhwe zase-UK, ukusebenza kwesalathiso kuchaphazela ngqo inzuzo baya kufumana.
I-FTSE 100 ikwayimbonakalo elungileyo yeziganeko zoqoqosho nezamazwe aphesheya- zihlala ziwela ekuphenduleni kwiimarike eziwayo kwihlabathi liphela.
Zilinganiswa njani iinkampani kwisalathiso? Ubungakanani buthelekiswa nemali eyinkunzi yentengiso (okanye "imali yentengiso" njengoko ishishini likhetha ukuyibiza njalo), eligama elinomdla kwinto eyixabiso lentengiso yenkampani.
Kwabo bafuna iinkcukacha, oku kufunyanwa ngokuphindaphinda amaxabiso akhoyo ezabelo zenkampani ngenani lezabelo ezikhutshiweyo okanye "izabelo ezikhutshiweyo" (inani elithengisiweyo kwaye ligcinwe ngabatyali mali), ngaphambi kokuphindaphinda eli nani yinkampani " iflat yefreythi yasimahla "(ifayat yasimahla ibonisa inani lezabelo ezifumanekayo ukuba zithengiswe kwintengiso). Oku kukhokelela kwixabiso elibonisa ukuba inkampani ixabisa malini kwimarike.
I-100 ephezulu, kubandakanya ezinye iinkampani zehlabathi kunye neenkampani zase-Bhritane, emva koko zibandakanyiwe kwi-FTSE 100 kwaye zaziwa njengeenkampani ze "blue chip" (njengakwihlabathi lepoker, apho "i-blue chip" imele elona xabiso liphezulu). Iichips eziBlue ziinkampani ezivuthiweyo.
Kuthetha ntoni xa usonyuka okanye usihla?
Uya kufunda okanye uve ngathi "i-FTSE 100 ivule amanqaku angama-20 aphezulu nge-7.301" okanye "i-FTSE 100 yehle nge-1,5% ngosuku." Amagqabantshintshi anjalo ahlala elandelwa kukukhankanywa kwesitokhwe esithile okanye umzi-mveliso obangele inzuzo okanye ilahleko.
Njengokutshintsha kwamaxabiso esitokhwe kwinkampani, kuya kuba njalo nangenxa yentengiso yayo, oko kuthetha ukuba isalathiso siphela siza kutshintsha ngokwexabiso, sinyuke sinyuke njengoko amaxabiso ezabelo eenkampani enziwa. Uhamba kangakanani kuxhomekeke kubunzima benkampani kwisalathiso.
Xa kubalwa isalathiso kusetyenziswa iminqwazi yentengiso, isalathiso "sisixhobo sentengiso", nto leyo ethetha ukuba iinkampani ezikwi-FTSE 100 zilinganisiwe ngokobungakanani bazo. Ke ngoko, utshintsho kwixabiso lesabelo laseRio Tinto (yenye yeenkampani ezinkulu kwi-FTSE 100) iya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwisalathiso esipheleleyo kunenkampani efana neTesco, eneemali zayo zentengiso (kwaye ke ubunzima kwisalathiso) incinci kakhulu .
Ke, ukuba kukho iindaba ezimnandi kakhulu malunga nenkampani ethile enzima okanye ishishini (mhlawumbi ixabiso lesinyithi liyenyuka kwaye ke iinkampani zemigodi, kubandakanya neRio Tinto, jonga amaxabiso ezabelo zabo enyuka), oku kuyakuba nefuthe kwisalathiso esipheleleyo. Eyona nto inokwenzeka, olu hlobo lweendaba luya kutyhala isalathiso kude kube kungekho zindaba zibuhlungu ezivela kwenye inkampani okanye umzi-mveliso ukusombulula le nzuzo.
Ukucacisa ukuba kutheni ukunyuka okanye ukuwa kwe-FTSE ngamanye amaxesha kukhankanywa kumanqaku, isalathiso saqalwa ekuqaleni ngo-1984 kwaye sanikwa ixabiso lokuqala elinamanqaku ali-1.000 7.500. Namhlanje ixabise ngaphantsi kwamanqaku ayi-100, oko kuthetha ukuba iinkampani ezili-7,5 eziphezulu zikhule phantse amaxesha angama-35 kule minyaka ingama-XNUMX idlulileyo (ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi).
Inantoni na le idibana nam?
Ewe, ukuba utyalomali kwingxowa-mali, umphathi wakho unokusebenzisa into efana ne-FTSE njengesalathiso. Kwingxowa-mali yokwenziwa kwezinto, umphathi uthenga izinto ezidweliswe kwisalathiso kwaye ujonge ukungqinelanisa nokusebenza kwesalathiso sakho. Kwingxowa-mali esebenzayo, umphathi usebenzisa isalathiso njengesikhokelo sento ayithengayo kwaye ujonge ukugqwesa kwisalathiso. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uvavanye indlela esebenza ngayo ingxowa-mali yakho xa kuthelekiswa naleyo ibinokuyiphumeza ukuba ubutyalile kwisalathiso.
Ukongeza, njengomnini wengxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi yase-UK, ezinye zotyalo-mali lwakho lomhlala-phantsi ziya kuthi zityalwe kwi-stocks zase-UK ezidweliswe kwiifices ze-FTSE. Ke ukusebenza kwesalathiso kuya kuba nefuthe kutyalo-mali lwakho, njengoko kuya kuba njalo ukuba utyalwe kwisitokhwe sika-Isa kunye nezabelo.
I-FTSE 100 ikwajongwa njengesalathiso esihle sempilo yase-UK kunye noqoqosho lwamanye amazwe (kuba ibandakanya iinkampani zasekhaya nezamazwe aphesheya). Ihlala isabela ekuphenduleni kwimicimbi yezopolitiko okanye yezoqoqosho kwihlabathi liphela njengoko abantu bezithemba ngakumbi (kwaye ke befuna ukutyala imali okanye ukwahlula) ngokusekwe kwiindaba ezinjalo. Inokunika umbono olungileyo wokuba abatyali zimali baziva njani ngokubanzi, nokuba banethemba okanye banovalo, nto leyo enokuthi yazise isigqibo sakho malunga nokuba kufuneka utyale imali okanye hayi, kwaye ubeke phi okanye uthathe imali yakho.
Ke ngelixa i-FTSE 100 ingenako ukwenza ukuba ugqatso lwentliziyo yakho ithande ingqalelo evela kwelinye icala letafile, ukuqonda injongo yayo kuya kukunceda uhambe kwiimarike zezemali ngcono (ngakumbi kunesitshixo esiphantsi ekunokwenzeka ukuba sikwenzile) flounder kunjalo).
Ngelixa i-FTSE 100 sisalathiso esithandwayo, ngakumbi e-UK, kukho inani lezinye izalathiso ezibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, kukho i-FTSE 250 (iinkampani ezingama-250 ezinkulu ezilandelayo, zihlala zijolise ngakumbi kwintengiso yasekhaya kune-FTSE 100) kunye ne-FTSE 350 (eyindibaniselwano ye-FTSE 100 kunye ne-FTSE 250). Ezinye iinkampani zikwaqhuba ii-indices zazo, ezinje ngeStandard & Poor's, eqhuba i-S & P 500 Index (iinkampani ezingama-500 ezinkulu ezidweliswe kwiNew York Stock Exchange).
Nangona kunjalo, ii-indices ayizizo nje uluhlu lweenkampani. Izixhobo zengeniso esisigxina (iibhondi, umzekelo) zinee-indices zazo; I-Bloomberg Barclays Global Aggregate Index ngumzekelo omnye. Oku kubandakanya inani elikhulu lokhuselo lwengeniso esisigxina kubandakanya urhulumente kunye nezibophelelo zeshishini, kuzo zombini iimarike eziphuhlileyo nezikhulayo kwihlabathi liphela. Okwangoku, iBloomberg Commodity Index inoluhlu lwezinto ezibandakanya ioyile, umbona, igolide nobhedu.
Iqela le-FTSE (ngokungekho sikweni libizwa ngokuba 'li-footsie') yintsebenziswano phakathi kweLondon Financial Times kunye neLondon Stock Exchange. Isifinyezo se-FTSE simele i-Financial Times kunye ne-Stock Exchange kwaye ii-indices zeqela zibandakanya ezona nkampani zibalaseleyo zase-UK zidweliswe kwiLondon Stock Exchange.
I-FTSE 100 yaqala ukwenziwa ngoJanuwari 1984 ngenqanaba elisisiseko le-1.000 kwaye ukusukela ngoko yaya kwinqanaba elingaphezulu kwama-7.000, ukusukela ngo-Matshi 2018. Emva kokuchacha kumgangatho ophantsi ofikelelweyo ngexesha lengxaki yamatyala I-European king ngasekupheleni kuka-2010 nasekuqaleni kuka-2011. , Isalathiso ekugqibeleni sagqitha lonke ixesha elidlulileyo lama-6.950 lafikelelwa ngoDisemba 1999 ngexesha lokuphakama kwebhola ye-intanethi.
Abatyalomali abaninzi bamanye amazwe bajonga ii-indices ze-FTSE, kunye ne-FTSE 100 ngokukodwa, njengesalathiso semarike yase-UK ngokubanzi, ngokufanayo nendlela abatyali mali baseMelika abazijonga ngayo ii-indices ze-Dow Jones okanye ze-S & P 500.
Isalathiso esaziwa kakhulu esigcinwe liQela le-FTSE yi-FTSE 100, eneenkampani ezili-100 ezona zininzi e-UK ezidweliswe kwi-LSE. Ukongeza, iqela le-FTSE ligcina ezinye ii-indices ezivela kwi-FTSE All-Share ukuya kwii-indices zokuziphatha ezinje nge-FTSE4Good Global index egxile kuxanduva lweshishini.
Ii-indices ezaziwa kakhulu kwiQela le-FTSE zibandakanya i-FTSE 100, i-FTSE 250, i-FTSE 350, kunye ne-FTSE All-Share. Ezi zalathiso zinokwahlulwa zibe kukusebenza okuphezulu, ukusebenza okuphantsi, kunye nezalathiso ze-IT zangaphambili ezibalwa ukuphela kosuku. Umzekelo, i-FTSE Group Ethics Indices, eyaziwa njenge-FTSE4Good, ukulandelela iimarike zehlabathi, iYurophu, i-UK, i-US kunye nezinye iimarike.
Ezinye iinkampani eziqhelekileyo ezaziwayo ezenza urhwebo kwi-FTSE 100 zibandakanya:
I-BP plc (NYSE: BP)
I-BHP Billiton plc (NYSE: BBL)
I-Randgold Resources Ltd. (INASDAQ: IGOLIDE)
I-Rio Tinto plc (i-NYSE: i-RIO)
I-GlaxoSmithKline plc (NYSE: GSK)
Uluhlu olupheleleyo kunye nolwangoku lwee-indices kunye namaxabiso abo anokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeQela leFTSE.
Indlela yokutyala imali kwi-FTSE 100
Zininzi iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokutyala imali kubatyali bamanye amazwe kwi-FTSE 100 kunye nezinye ii-indices zeQela leFTSE. Iimali ezirhweba ngokutshintshiselana (ii-ETFs) zibonelela ngendlela elula yokuba abatyali mali bazibonakalise, kodwa akukho nanye kwii-ETF ze-FTSE ezili-100 ezidweliswe kutshintshiselwano lwaseMelika. Iirisithi zeDeposithi yaseMelika (ii-ADRs) zikwakhona nakwezinye izinto ezithile zezi indices.
Ezinye ii-ETF zeQela le-FTSE ziquka:
IShares FTSE 100 (LSE: ISF)
I-HSBC FTSE 100 ETF (EPA: UKX)
I-DBX FTSE 100 (LSE: XUKX)
Iindleko zezabelo Lyxor FTSE 100 ETF
Ixabiso lentengoBS FTSE 100 ETF
Abatyalomali kufuneka bahlale begcina iindleko zengqondo xa betyala imali kwii-ETF zamanye amazwe, njengoko benokuqonda izibonelelo zexesha elide. Ikwangumbono olungileyo ukujonga iipotifoliyo yengxowa-mali ukubona umngcipheko wecandelo okanye wecandelo lobungozi. Umzekelo, i-UK inexinaniso oluphezulu lweenkampani zeenkonzo zezemali xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe amaninzi.
Ukongeza kwii-ADR ezintlanu ezichazwe apha ngasentla, ezinye ii-ADR ezidumileyo zibandakanya:
Iqela leVodafone (NASDAQ: VOD)
IBarclays plc (NYSE: BCS)
Unilever plc (i-NYSE: UL)
Ukubanjwa kwe-HSBC (NYSE: HBC)
Ukubanjwa kweARM (NASDAQ: ARMH)
Abatyalomali mabaqaphele ukuba ii-ADRs azinakuba zingamanzi njengohlobo lwestokhwe esidweliswe kwiLondon Stock Exchange. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ezi nkampani azinakho ukunika ingxelo kwiKhomishini yoKhuseleko kunye nokuTshintshiselana yaseMelika (i-SEC), enokwenza kube nzima ukuqhuba ngokuzimisela.
Olunye uhlobo kwii-indices ze-FTSE
Abatyalomali bamanye amazwe abafuna ukuboniswa e-UK banolunye ukhetho. Ngaphandle kwee-indices zeQela le-FTSE, kukho ezinye ii-ETFs ezibonelela ngokubonakalayo kummandla. Ii-indices emva kwezi ETFs zibandakanya i-MSCI, i-BLDRS, i-STOXX, kunye ne-HOLDRS phakathi kwabanye kwaye nganye yazo inika umbono owahlukileyo kulwabiwo lweephothifoliyo.
Ezinye ze-ETF ezijoliswe kwi-UK ziquka:
I-MSCI United Kingdom Index Index Fund (i-NYSE: EWU)
I-BLDRS Yurophu i-100 ADR Index Fund (i-NYSE: ADRU)
I-STOXX yaseYurophu ikhetha iNgxowa-mali yoLwahlulo lwesahlulo (i-NYSE: FDD)
I-SPDR DJ STOXX 50 ETF (NYSE: FEU)
I-BLDRS Index 100 ADRs yeeMakethi eziPhuhlisiweyo (NYSE: ADRD)
Abatyalomali kufuneka baqaphele ukuba ezinye ze-ETFs zinokubonakaliswa ngokubanzi kune-UK kuphela. Umzekelo, banokuba nokubhencwa okubonakalayo kwizitokhwe zaseYurophu, ezinokuzisa umngcipheko othile.
Ukonakala kwemakethi yestokhwe, emva koko. Isandulelo esoyikisayo seziphi izithembiso zokuba lixesha eliyintlekele kuqoqosho lwehlabathi? Okanye lithuba elihle lokutyala imali kubatyali mali ukwenza isigidi?
Isuntswana kuzo zombini, ukulunga. Ukulungiswa kweemarike kubonisa ukothuka komvuzo iinkampani ezininzi eziza kujongana nazo kwixesha elifutshane. Ikwabonelela ngoosozigidi abanesitokhwe esinamathuba okwandisa imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali lwabo.
Isitshixo sokwenza imali eninzi kukuthenga izitokhwe, hayi ngenjongo yokuba bazakuqhuba njani kwiveki ezayo, kwinyanga ezayo, okanye kunyaka olandelayo. Abatyalomali abaziingcali bathenga iinkampani ezinokuthi zichume kwiminyaka eli-10 (okanye nangaphezulu). Kwaye kukho itoni yesitokhwe esikhulu se-FTSE 100 esifana nesi esiye sakhutshwa phakathi kwengozi yentengiso ebanzi. Oku kubonelela abatyali zimali abaqaqambe ngamehlo okhozi ngamathuba okubamba izisulu okanye ezimbini.
Ngusozigidi?
I-Persimmon (i-LSE: i-PSN) lelinye lawona maxabiso asezantsi amaFootsie endicinga ukuba angangusozigidi kwiminyaka ezayo. Amaxabiso esitokhwe sabakhi bamakhaya ehle kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo njengoko imeko zoqoqosho eziya zisiba mandundu, kunye nokukhumbula inani elikhulu leemveliso ezibanjiswa ngababolekisi, ziye zabeka inkxalabo malunga nokuwa kwezindlu.
Ukulandela ubuthathaka bexabiso kutshanje, ipersimmon ithengisa ngexabiso / ngeniso (P / E) umyinge wamaxesha ali-12. Kukufunda okucebisa ukuba ishishini lithethathethwano, emva koko. Ndinomdla ngakumbi kwipesenti ezi-5% zesahlulo inkampani ye-FTSE 100 ethwala i-2020, nangona kunjalo. Imbuyekezo enkulu enje inokubaluleka ekuncedeni oosozigidi abanokubakho bafezekise iinjongo zabo zotyalo-mali. Ukongeza, iqela le-FTSE ligcina ezinye ii-indices ezivela kwi-FTSE All-Share ukuya kwii-indices zokuziphatha ezinje nge-FTSE4Good Global index egxile kuxanduva lweshishini. Okwangoku, iBloomberg Commodity Index inoluhlu lwezinto ezibandakanya ioyile, umbona, igolide kunye nobhedu.