Elinye lamagama ngaphakathi kuqoqosho ekufuneka liqondwe ngcono yile ye-oligopoly, kuba inokukunceda uqonde okunxulumene nemarike. Ukuba ugxile kwishishini, le nto ibaluleke kakhulu kuwe, ngakumbi ukuba ubala izimvo malunga nento omawuyenze.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi yintoni i-oligopoly, zeziphi iimpawu ezinazo, imizekelo ye-oligopoly kunye nezinye iikhonsepthi ezinxulumene nayo, apha silungiselele isishwankathelo ukuze ube nendlela yokuqala kuyo yonke le nto.
Yintoni i-oligopoly
Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile kukuqonda ukuba sithetha ntoni nge-oligopoly. Imalunga ne- Uhlobo lweemarike apho abathengisi okanye iimveliso zimbalwa kakhulu, zimbalwa kakhulu kunabathengi kunye nabafunayo.
Aba bathengisi okanye abavelisi babizwa ngokuba 'ngababhidi'; Ngeli xesha, abathengi okanye abathengi baya kuba 'ngabamangali'. Singacinga ngokufanayo nabo sikhuphisana nabo, kule meko banokuba mbalwa.
Ingaba le nkqubo iza kubandakanya ntoni? Ewe, abathengi, ekubeni bambalwa, kwaye ibango liphezulu, banesakhono esithile sokuphembelela ukuba imveliso abayenzayo iya kufaneleka. Ngamanye amazwi, ngabo balawula ixabiso kunye nobungakanani beemveliso ezibekwa kwintengiso. Ngemfuno ephezulu, ixabiso liyabiza kakhulu kuba kuyaziwa ukuba kuya kubakho abantu abanokuyithenga kuba iyinto abayifunayo / abayifunayo.
Njengoko bambalwa abathengisi okanye abavelisi, iyaqondakala into yokuba baya kwenza ngokuthembeka. Ngapha koko, xa kusaziwa ukuba kukho ukukhohliswa yinkampani ethile ye-oligopoly, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba abanye baziphindezele komnye. Kwaye kunjalo, nangona bekhuphisana phakathi kwabo, ekubeni imarike encinci, inzuzo inokuphakama kwaye kukho into efana nomthetho ongabhalwanga apho wonke umntu azuza khona (enye into eyenzekayo ngokwenyani).
Indlela yokwahlula imveliso phakathi kwabakhuphisana nayo, ngaphezulu kwako konke, ikumgangatho kunye numahluko phakathi kwabo. Benza okufanayo, kuba basebenza kwimarike enye, kodwa nganye ngendlela yayo.
Oligopoly kunye nokuzimela
Amaxesha amaninzi, la magama mabini ayabhidana. Izihloko ezibini ezahlukileyo, kwaye zinempawu ezahlukeneyo, ekufuneka uzithathele ingqalelo. Ukwenza kube lula ukuyiqonda:
- I-oligopoly yintengiso apho kukho abathengisi abambalwa (iinkampani) kakhulu efanayo, nangona kunokubakho umahluko. Unolawulo oluthile kwixabiso (ukuba ayisiyiyo yonke into). Umzekelo? Umzekelo, ukwenziwa kwezithuthi. Zininzi iinkampani kodwa zonke zikwi-oligopoly ukuze zingakhuphisani kunye nokuvelisa iimveliso ezifanayo nokuba kukho umahluko othile).
- Ukuzilawula yedwa yimakethi ekukho kuphela umthengisi omnye (inkampani) kwaye akukho mveliso inokubuyisela ezo zithengiswa yile nkampani. Ngale ndlela, ixabiso lilawulwa ngokupheleleyo yinkampani, yiyo ethatha isigqibo sokuba uza kuthenga malini. Umzekelo woku kukusela amanzi.
Iimpawu zeOligopoly
Emva kwako konke esixoxe ngako, kuyacaca ukuba ioligopoly inezinto ezithile ekufuneka uzithathele ingqalelo (kwaye oko kukunceda ukwahlula kwamanye amanani). Zezi:
- Inyaniso yokuba kukho inani elincinci labathengisi. Oku kukuvumela ukuba usete ixabiso kunye nobungakanani obuthengiswayo.
- Unemveliso efanayo phakathi kwabo bonke. Oko kukuthi, iimveliso ezifanayo phakathi kwazo zonke iinkampani, ngendlela yokuba akunamsebenzi nokuba zithengiwe kwenye okanye kwenye kuba yimveliso enye. Inye kuphela into yokuba iyakwenziwa ngendlela ethile.
- Yiba nokuzimela phakathi kweenkampani, kodwa banezivumelwano phakathi kwabo zokuba babe nobudlelwane obuhle kwishishini. Kule meko, izivumelwano zinokungangqinelani (ukuze zingakhuphisani kunye nokwenza izicwangciso ezinobuchule ezingonzakalisi abanye), okanye zenziwe ngokudibeneyo (xa kukho izivumelwano malunga namaxabiso, ubungakanani kunye nokusasazwa kwemakethi apho ziyasebenza).
- Kukho izithintelo ekungeneni. Ukulinganiselwa kwinani elincinci, ezo nkampani zifuna ukwenza kwa into enye zibanjiwe ngulo "mdibaniso" ukuthintela "ishishini" ekubeni likhule.
Kutheni le nto kuthintelwa ukungena?
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, enye yeempawu ze-oligopolies kukuba banemiqobo. Ezi zinto zisebenza ukuze ezinye iinkampani zingabinakungena kwintengiso yakho, kuba, ukuba ziyakwenza oko, abanokuzihlonipha izivumelwano abanazo. Okanye okubi nangakumbi, khuphisana nabo kwaye uphele kufuneka wabelane ngezibonelelo phakathi kweenkampani ezininzi (ekuchukumisa kuzo nganye nganye).
Kodwa enyanisweni zininzi oonobangela beoligopoly, egxile kule miqobo, eyi:
- Uqoqosho lwesikali Kungenxa yokuba inani leenkampani eziyinxalenye yolu rhwebo lilinganiselwe. Ngoba? Ewe, kuba ukuba zininzi kakhulu, ayisayi kuba yi-oligopoly njengoko inani labathengisi lilungelelaniswe nenani labafunayo, kwaye oko kungonakalisa amaxabiso, ukufumana inzuzo, njl.
- Ludumo. Yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwezi nkampani kuba xa zimbalwa, zonke zigcina igama liphezulu kakhulu. Xa iinkampani ezintsha zifuna ukungena, olo dumo kunye negama esele lenziwe linokuchaphazela, ngokuqinisekileyo okanye ngokungathandekiyo, kodwa iya kuba neziphumo kwaye yiyo loo nto uninzi lukhetha ukungazibeki emngciphekweni wokuphulukana noko sele bekufumene.
- Izithintelo ezisemthethweni. Ngokubhekiselele kumalungelo obunini, amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza, njl
- Imiqobo yeqhinga. Ukuba ezi nkampani zinezivumelwano nabaxumi, kwaye ezintsha zingena kwintengiso, oko kunokubangela ukuba ezo zivumelwano ziphele zisaphulwa, okanye zigqitywe nezinye iinkampani, ngaloo ndlela ziphulukane nenxalenye yamandla azo njenge-oligopoly.
U mzekelo
Njengoko sisazi ukuba ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukuqonda umxholo kakuhle, nantsi eminye imizekelo yeoligopoly.
- Ukuvelisa imoto: Iimpawu zeemoto zisebenza phantsi kwe-oligopoly, njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili.
- Iimveliso zamachiza: Sithetha ngokwenziwa kweekhemikhali. Zonke ziyafana, luphawu kuphela oluzithengisayo. Ngapha koko, kukho iimveliso ezinomahluko, ewe, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi isiseko siyafana.
- Abasasazi be-Fuel: Ezifana neRepsol, iCampsa, iPetronor ... Zonke zazo "zilawula" imarike, kwaye seso sizathu sokuba kungabikho zinkampani zintsha zifuna / zinokwenza into efanayo.