Ukuba uphatha ubalo-mali okanye imali yenkampani, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhe wadibana nereyithi yeFisher. Sisixhobo esibeka iiprojekthi ezimbini "ubuso ngobuso" ukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi eyona nto ifanelekileyo xa uthatha isigqibo sokutyala imali kwenye yazo.
Kodwa yintoni enye oyaziyo malunga neli zinga? Ngaba ufundile ukubala? Ukuba akunjalo, kwaye ungathanda ukuba nolwazi, Apha sichaza yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ngayo. Ziphose kuyo?
Yintoni ireyithi yeFisher
Njengoko besinixelele ngaphambili, Ireyithi yeFisher sisixhobo apho iiprojekthi ezimbini zotyalo-mali zinokudityaniswa (logama nje zombini zinokuthelekiswa, kunjalo) ukubona ukuba yeyiphi kwezi zimbini ifanelekileyo.
Sikunika umzekelo osisiseko (kunye ne-grosso modo). Khawucinge ukuba une-arhente yokuthengisa eqalayo. Kwaye ufumana iiprojekthi ezimbini. Okwangoku awukwazi ukwenza zombini, kodwa nganye ineengenelo zayo kunye nokungalunganga. Ukhetha njani ke? Kulungile Ireyithi ingasetyenziswa ukwazi ukuba ungatyala phi na iinzame zakho zokwazi inzuzo enkulu.
Zeziphi izinto ezisetyenziswa ngumlinganiselo weFisher?
Ukusebenzisa ireyithi kaFisher kwiiprojekthi ezimbini, kufuneka wazi ukuba kukho izinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zokufumana iziphumo. Kwelinye icala, kukho i-VAN, oko kukuthi, ixabiso elikhoyo langoku. Okanye, ngamanye amazwi, ixabiso elinokuthi le projekthi libe nalo ngelo xesha; kwelinye icala, kukho i-TIR, eyizinga lenzala elicima i-VAN.
Isinika ntoni ke loo nto? Nje ukuba uyazi zombini i-VAN kunye ne-IRR yazo zombini iiprojekthi, oku kwabelwana ngako, ngokuqhelekileyo kwigrafu yomgca. "Buncinane" kwaye iprojekthi enomgca we-NPV ngaphezu kwereyithi yokunqunyulwa iya kuba ngophumeleleyo xa kuthelekiswa.
Ithini ifomula yereyithi yeFisher
Apha kufuneka sikuxelele ukuba akukho fomula yohlalutyo yokuba uyibale. Enyanisweni, iindlela ezimbini zokubala zisetyenziswa:
ngolandelelwano
Njengoko besesikuxelele ngaphambili, Ireyithi kaFisher imelwe yigrafu yomgca. Ngoko ke, imigca ye-TIR kunye ne-VAN izotywe kwi-0%. Umgca othe ngqo uzotywa phakathi kwamanqaku amabini eprojekthi nganye.
Kukho enye indlela yokwenza oko kukunika ixabiso le-10% kwaye ngaloo ndlela ubala i-GO ngelo xesha nge-GO 0% kunye ne-IRR eyaziwayo.
Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ifomula ye-VAN iyafumaneka, eya kuba:
I-VAN = iNzuzo eHlaziyiweyo (i-BNA) – Utyalo-mali lokuqala (lo)
Le fomula inokukunika iziphumo ezithathu:
- = 0. Okuthetha ukuba awuzukufumana nzuzo, kodwa akukho lahleko.
- > 0. Xa kuya kubakho inzuzo (inzuzo).
- < 0. Okuthetha ukuba kuya kubakho ilahleko kwiprojekthi.
Kwimeko ye-IRR, nayo inefomula, nangona oku kunzima kakhulu kwaye akulula ukubala. I-IRR ifumana into esinokuyibiza ngokuba “lithuba leendleko”, kwaye kwakhona sifumana iziphumo ezithathu:
- = 0. Oku kuthetha ukuba iprojekthi ayilungile kuba umngcipheko awuyi kufumana umphumo owanelisayo.
- > r (ixabiso lethuba). Kuthetha ukuba iprojekthi iyasebenza kwaye inethuba lokuvunywa.
- <r. Oku kuthetha ukuba iprojekthi ayinakwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ayinangeniso ngokwaneleyo kuyo.
usebenzisa i-excel
Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo nekhawulezayo yokubala kuba inkqubo inokubonelela ngefomula ekhawulezayo kwaye iyisebenzise kwidatha ekhoyo. Ukuze uyisebenzise, iseli apho isiphumo siya kuvela kufuneka sikhethwe kwaye nqakraza ku Faka umsebenzi. Okulandelayo, kwiqela lemisebenzi kufuneka ukhethe i-Statistics, kwaye apho "umsebenzi we-Fisher". Kuya kufuneka ubeke inani elifunekayo (liya kuhlala lixabiso elikhulu kuno -1 kwaye lingaphantsi kwe-1).
Ngaba izinga lokuloba lithembekile?
Nangona izinga le-Fisher lisekelwe kwidatha yeeprojekthi, inyaniso kukuba awukwazi ukuthembela kwi-100% kwiziphumo ezikunika zona, kuba kukho ezinye izinto ezingathathelwa ngqalelo kwaye ziya kuba nefuthe kwiziphumo ezinokwenzeka. Ngamanye amazwi, kunokwenzeka ukuba iprojekthi ekhatywayo iphumelele ngelixa lowo ukhethiweyo ewa.
Yiyo loo nto, xa usenza isigqibo, kufuneka uvavanye eminye imiba efana nemeko yentengiso, uphando lweprojekthi...
Njengoko ubona, ireyithi yeFisher inokuba lula ukwazi kwaye usebenzise xa uneeprojekthi ezininzi esandleni kwaye ufuna ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi eya kuba yeyona nto ilungileyo kutyalo-mali kuyo. Ewe kunjalo, ibandakanya uphando oluncinci kuba sithetha ngesixhobo sobugcisa ngakumbi kwaye akukho lula ukusiqonda (ubuncinci ekuqaleni). Ngaba ukhe wasisebenzisa?