I-Keynesianism

isitshixo

I-Keynesianism, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Keynesian economics, okanye i-Keynesian mode, ijongana nethiyori yezoqoqosho eyachazwa ngu-economist uJohn Maynard Keynes, yiyo loo nto igama layo.

Kodwa, Yintoni i-Keynesianism? Imodeli yakho ibhekisa phi kwaye yintoni umbono wezoqoqosho kwezoqoqosho? Le yinto esiza kuthetha ngayo ngokulandelayo.

Ngubani uJohn Maynard Keynes?

John Maynard Keynes Wayengomnye wezoqoqosho obaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi. Uzalelwe eCambridge ngo-1883, kwaye wasweleka e-1946 eSussex, ungomnye woqoqosho olunamandla lwe-Bhritane kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, kangangokuba iingcinga zakhe kunye nendlela yakhe yokucinga zinempembelelo (kwaye zisenza njalo) kwimigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho kunye imigaqo-nkqubo

Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala, njengomsebenzi waseburhulumenteni kwiNkonzo zoLuntu zaseKhaya, wamsa eIndiya, apho wakwazi khona ukufunda nzulu ukuba yayinjani inkqubo yezemali yaseIndiya. Nangona kunjalo, ayizange iphelele apho. Ukudinwa ngumsebenzi wakhe, wagqiba ekubeni ayeke kwaye abuyele kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge ukuze abe nguprofesa, into awayeyenza ebomini bakhe bonke.

Ngaphandle koku, uye wasebenzisana, njengomcebisi, kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Wezimali wase-Bhritane, eyila izivumelwano zeentengo zemboleko phakathi kwe-United Kingdom kunye namanye amazwe amanyene naye (ngamaxesha emfazwe). Wayelilungu leebhodi ezahlukeneyo zabalawuli beenkampani zeinshurensi kunye neenkampani zezemali, kwaye wayedla ngokuyalela veki nganye kwezoqoqosho.

Ngenxa yoko, kunokubonwa ukuba lo mlinganiswa wayengekho kuphela igalelo elikhulu kuqoqosho, kodwa inxaxheba kwezopolitiko, nangona ukusuka kwindawo yesibini okanye yesithathu, nempembelelo ebomini bakhe.

Yintoni uKeynesianism

Yintoni uKeynesianism

I-Keynesianism, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Keynes's theory okanye imodeli, eneneni iyi ithiyori yezoqoqosho esekwe kungenelelo lukarhulumente. Ukwenza oku, kuye kwafuneka ukuba nefuthe kumgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho ukuze iphinde ivuselele ibango kwaye incede ukusetyenziswa kokukhuthazwa.

Ngamanye amagama, injongo yombhali yayikukuba uMbuso ngokwawo utyale imali ekuchitheni, ukuze baphucule abemi abathi, ngenxa yokuba benemali yokuchitha, benze njalo, ngaloo ndlela bekwazi ukuvuselela uqoqosho lonke lwelizwe. Ngesi sizathu, yenye yeethiyori ethi, ngamaxesha obunzima, ithande ukuba semlonyeni womntu wonke.

I-Keynesianism yazalwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-1936; kwaye wayenza ngeenjongo zokukhupha ilizwe ebunzimeni. Yapapashwa kwiTheory Jikelele yezeNgqesho, iNzala kunye neMali ngo-XNUMX, emva koxinzelelo olukhulu.

Indlela ekufuneka iqondwe ngayo ithiyori yaseKesynia

Indlela ekufuneka iqondwe ngayo ithiyori yaseKesynia

Khawufane ucinge ukuba unelizwe elisengxakini. Ngokwesiqhelo, into efunwa nguRhulumente kukunyusa irhafu ukunyusa imali engaphezulu ukuze ingangeni ematyaleni. Kodwa yeyona ilungileyo? Ukuba uyayenza loo nto, into oza kuyenza kukuba abantu bahlwempuzeke nangakumbi, ukuba iinkampani zirhaxwe ngakumbi kwaye uninzi luye luvale ukuvala. Ngamafutshane, ulihlwempu ilizwe ukuba lifumane imali kaRhulumente (ethi ekugqibeleni ingabuchaphazeli ubomi babemi).

Kunoko, I-Keynesianism yayisekwe kwenye indlela yokujongana nengxaki. Ewe siyathetha kwixesha elifutshane kuba, ukuba yenziwe kwixesha elide kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokwenza ingxaki ibe nkulu kakhulu.

Wathini uKeynes? Uye wamisela ukuba, ngamaxesha obunzima, amazwe kufuneka anyuse inkcitho kawonke-wonke, nokuba ngeMveliso ePheleleyo yaseKhaya (i-GDP), ngokukhupha ityala langaphandle ... (kodwa hayi ngokunyusa irhafu okanye ukunciphisa imivuzo., Ingachaphazeli abemi). Oku kwenzelwe ukuba uRhulumente abe nemali ekufuneka ityalwe, umzekelo kwimisebenzi yoluntu, ngenjongo yokuba loo mali ihlawulwe kwiinkampani ezinikwe imisebenzi.

Kodwa ezi nkampani azigcini yonke imali, zihlawula abasebenzi, abathengisi, njl. Aba basebenzi sele benemali, kwaye ke banokuchitha kwezinye iinkampani. Ngale ndlela, ezinye iinkampani zifuna abasebenzi ukuba bahlangane neemfuno, iimveliso abazithengisayo, njl. kwaye, ngale ndlela, uqoqosho luvuselelwa kwakhona, lubangela ukuqesha okungakumbi, ukufuna ngakumbi iimveliso. Ngamanye amagama, abangaphangeliyo kunye noomatshini bayayeka ukungasebenzi kwaye baqale ukuvelisa.

Ngoku, njengoko besesikuxelele ngaphambili, oku kunenzuzo yexeshana elifutshane. Kwaye kukuthi, xa ngamnye wabachaphazelekayo echitha, baya kwenza njalo, kodwa hayi bonke, kodwa yinxalenye. Ingxaki kukuba, kancinci kancinci, eso sixa sendleko siya sincipha ngokuncipha.

U-Keynes wayekholelwa ukuba iingxaki azinakusombululwa ngeendleko zabathengi, kodwa yayinguRhulumente owangena ematyaleni ukunyusa ibango, kwaye ngalo mzuzu apho kubonakala khona ukuphuculwa, ukuthoba isantya loo modeli ukunqanda iziphumo ezinkulu (ingxaki enkulu).

Iimpawu ze-Keynesianism

Iimpawu ze-Keynesianism

Ukwenza ithiyori yaseKesynia icace kuwe, amanqaku aphambili ekufuneka uwazi kakuhle zezi zilandelayo:

  • Esona sixhobo siphambili sokulwa nengxaki ngumgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho. Esi sisitshixo sokuvuselela ilizwe, kokubini kwixesha elifutshane nakwixesha eliphakathi nelide.
  • Kuyimfuneko kakhulu ukukhuthaza ibango, kodwa ukwenze ngokutyala imali kwezixhobo zeenkampani, ethi yona ityale inxalenye yayo kuloo mali kwabanye, ngohlobo lokuba udale umsebenzi kunye nemfuno.
  • Kubalulekile ukuba, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho, umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali wenziwa ukuba ibhalansi nokulawula uqoqosho ngaxeshanye.
  • KwiiKeyynes, eyona ngozi iphambili kweli lizwe kukungaqeshwa. Okukhona abantu bemisa, kokukhona oomatshini bame. Oko kuthetha ukuba iinkampani ziyamiswa kwaye ke, akukho mntu ufumana imali anokusebenzisa ngayo ukuze uqoqosho lushukume.

Ukuqukumbela, imodeli yaseKesynia isinika umbono wokuba ukwanda kwenkcitho yoluntu, ngaphandle kokuchaphazela iipokotho zabathengi, kungalinceda ilizwe liphume kwintlekele kwixesha elifutshane. Kodwa ayisosisombululo ekufuneka silawule uqoqosho lwelizwe (kuba, ekuhambeni kwexesha, liyakuphela liqhuma kwaye lenze ingxaki enkulu nangakumbi (ilizwe linamatyala kwaye liphila ngaphaya kwamandla alo).


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