Alithandabuzeki elokuba olunye loloyiko olukhulu lwabemi baseSpain nakwilizwe liphela ngumba onxulumene nozinzo lwezezimali lwabantu, kodwa ngaphezulu kwayo yonke into enento yokwenza Ukuqinisekisa ukwaluphala okuhle kwixesha elizayo, xa kungasenakwenzeka ukusebenzela ukugcina indlela yokuphila, okanye nangona uninzi lusekwimeko entle kwaye luchaneke kakhulu, alusayi kuqeshwa ngenxa yocalucalulo olungenabulungisa oluhlala lunxulunyaniswa ukuvelisa ulutsha kunye namandla omzimbaUkungahoywa kule indelelo, mangakanani amava kunye nolwazi oluqokelelweyo olunokuthi lunike.
Ngale ndlela, abantu abaninzi kufutshane nomhlala phantsi Bahlala noloyiko oluhlala luhleli lokuphulukana nemisebenzi, kuba ukuba esi siganeko senzekile, ukufumana umsebenzi omtsha kuya kuba li-odyssey inkqubo yezoqoqosho yangoku.
Kungenxa yoko le nto, ngenxa yokuthinteleka komhlala-phantsi, abantu abaninzi baqala ukucinga ngekamva labo ngendlela eyoyikisayo nexhalabisayo, belahlekelwa nangobusuku bonke bokulala, becinga imini nobusuku ukuba ikamva libaphatheleni, banobubi kakhulu abo bangabala ithemba lokuthatha umhlalaphantsi, Oko kukuthi, abantu abangaqokeleli mali yaneleyo kwinkqubo, xa bethatha umhlala-phantsi, a ipenshoni enesidima nehloniphekileyo ebavumela ukuba bakwazi ukuzixhasa xa bengasafumani mvuzo wobomi bokusebenza obunemveliso.
Ukujongana nale ngxaki, ziindaba ezimnandi ukwazisa abafundi beli nqaku, ukhetho abanalo ukuba abanalo iimfuno zenkqubo yakho yomhlala-phantsi. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba abaninzi sele beyazi into emalunga nayo, kodwa kukwakho nabanye abantu abangazi nto ngayo, ke ngoko, olu lwazi luya kubasindisa kakhulu xa becwangcisa inkxaso yemali yokuguga. Sibhekisa kwi Ipenshoni engayi kuba nanxaxheba, Indlela ekhoyo ngenjongo yokufumana ipenshini kubasebenzi abasilelayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziyimfuneko zokwenza isicelo somhlala-phantsi.
Uthetha ngantoni umhlala-phantsi ongangenisi galelo?
Ukuze usiqonde ngokulula isizathu sokuba ube Ipenshoni engenagalelo, Kufuneka nje sikhumbule, kuqala, yintoni a ipenshoni yomhlala phantsi kwinqanaba lokufaka isandla. Singatsho ukuba Ipenshoni enegalelo ngumhlala-phantsi oqhelekileyo bonke abo basebenzi bahlangabezana nothotho lweemeko abanokufikelela kuzo, ekufuneka ikakhulu ibe ligalelo labo ngexesha elisetyenziweyo.
Umzekelo, ukuze umsebenzi akwazi ukukhetha iPenshini yokuXhasa, kufuneka, ubuncinci, iminyaka eli-15 yegalelo, kwaye kule minyaka ilishumi elinesihlanu, ubuncinci kufuneka ukuba kudlule kwiminyaka eli-15 edlulileyo, kuba ukuya kwixesha elidlulileyo ngeli xesha, imfuneko enjalo ayinakufezekiswa.
Ngenxalenye yalo Umhlala-phantsi oNgasebenziyo (PNC), Njengoko igama layo lisenokucebisa, sisibonelelo sezoqoqosho esinokubonelelwa kubo bonke abo bantu bakwimeko yezoqoqosho abanemali encinci, abanesidingo esomeleleyo, nabaswele ipenshini eqhelekileyo ngenxa yokungazigqibi iikowuti. eziceliwe njengezona mfuno zisezantsi zokufikelela Igalelo lomhlala-phantsi.
Ngale ndlela, sinokuyitolika Ipenshoni engahambisaniyo nohlobo "lwesicwangciso B" abantu abangenakho ukucela eyabo ipenshoni enegalelo ngenxa yombuzo wegaleloKe ngoko, lithuba elihle lokuba ungashiywa ungakhuselekanga ebudaleni obugqithisileyo bokwaluphala, ngakumbi ngokubhekisele kwiinkonzo zempilo, ngokuqinisekileyo kule minyaka yethu yokugqibela yobomi apho siza kuzisebenzisa kakhulu.
Zeziphi iimfuno ozindicelileyo ukuba ndifake isicelo sePenshoni yomhlala-phantsi engenagalelo?
Kubo bonke abo bantu bafuna faka isicelo solu hlobo lomhlala-phantsiKubalulekile ukuba bazazi iimfuno ekufuneka bethobele zona ukuze bakwazi ukuzilungisa ngaphandle kwengxaki.
Ngaphakathi kwimimiselo ekhoyo kumthetho waseSpain, kuphela le miqathango ilandelayo iyimfuneko:
- Ukungabinalungelo lokucela ipenshoni yomhlala-phantsi, ngokungafikeleli kwimfuno zemirhumo. Le meko ilula kakhulu, kuba nabani na odibana nomrhumo wakhe ophawulwe ngumthetho, akadingi kucela i-PNC yomhlala-phantsi, kuba banokufikelela kwimodareyitha engcono kwaye ngekhe kube sengqiqweni ukukhangela ukhetho olwenzelwe abantu abangakwaziyo ukukhusela ukhuseleko lwezezimali kwixa elizayo.
- Yiba neminyaka engama-65 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu.
- Ukungabinayo enye ingeniso okanye ingeniso eyongezelelweyo enokwenza ukuba ukhetho lokufaka isicelo sePenshini engahambisaniyo alifuneki. Umthetho waseSpain umisela ukuba umenzi-sicelo uswele umvuzo xa umvuzo wakhe ungaphantsi kwama-euro angama-5178.60 ngonyaka, isixa esamkelweyo ngo-2018. Ingeniso yawo onke amalungu osapho ingaphantsi kwezixa ezicetywayo liZiko laBantu abaDala kunye neeNkonzo zeNtlalo (IMSERSO).
- Ngokusemthethweni hlala eSpain: ukuze uthobele le mfuno, umsebenzi kufuneka ukuba ebehlala eSpain iminyaka eli-10 ubuncinci, apho ubuncinci i-2 kufuneka ingaphazanyiswa kwaye phambi komhla wesicelo.
Yimalini isixa semali yomhlala-phantsi engahambisani negalelo?
I-PNC inika isixa esipheleleyo sama-euro angama-369,90 ngenyanga, inani elisungulwe kumntu ongasebenziyo ohlala yedwa, nangona kunjalo eli nani linokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinani labantu abahlala endlwini, nokuba ziyasebenza okanye azisebenzi. Singatsho ukuba i-euro ezingama-369 sisixa esiqhelekileyo sabantu abahlala bodwa kwaye abanamsebenzi, kodwa ukuba le meko ayifezekiswa, ipenshoni inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zomenzi-sicelo.
Ipenshoni inganikwa ixesha elingakanani?
Ngokwesiqhelo, ipenshini yeyobomi, okuthetha ukuba umfaki sicelo angaqhubeka nokufumana lomvuzo kude kube ngumhla wokufa kwakhe, nangona kunjalo, le meko igcinwa kuphela xa umsebenzi eqhubeka nokugcina iimfuno eziyimfuneko zokuqhubeka nokuwuthatha.
Ndingasifaka phi isicelo somhlala-phantsi ongafaki galelo kwaye ngawaphi amaxwebhu ekufuneka ndiwathumele?
Kubo bonke abo banqwenela ukwenza le nto Indlela yokusebenza yomhlala-phantsiBangayicela ngokuya kumaqumrhu ohlukeneyo orhulumente. Ngale ndlela, banokuyicela, nokuba kwiiOfisi zeeNkonzo zeNtlalo zoLuntu oluZimeleyo, nakwiiOfisi zeZiko laBantu abaDala kunye neeNkonzo zeNtlalo (IMSERSO), okanye nakweyiphi na iofisi yoKhuseleko loLuntu. Kwimeko yoLuntu oluZimeleyo lwaseCeuta naseMelilla, isicelo kufuneka singeniswe ngqo kwi-IMSERSO.
Amaxwebhu ekufuneka angenisiwe ngala alandelayo: Ifom yesicelo esisemthethweni, i-DNI, kunye neSatifikethi sobhaliso.
Zeziphi iimbophelelo ezifunyanwa ngumntu odla umhlala-phantsi kwipenshini engenagalelo?
Ukuqhubeka nokugcina ipenshini ngaphandle kwengxaki, abo badla umhlala-phantsi kufuneka bazalisekise uthotho lwezibophelelo ezithile, ezinje:
Uxanduva lokwazisa iZiko eliLawulayo ngalo naluphi na utshintsho olunokuchaphazela ukwamkelwa komhlala-phantsi, kunye nengxelo yengeniso kufuneka ingeniswe kwikota yokuqala yonyaka ngamnye, ukuze kuboniswe ukuba iyaqhubeka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno akukho ngeniso, imeko ebalulekileyo yokuqhubeka nokuba ngumboleki Ipenshoni engangenisi galelo.
Ngaba lukhona olunye uhlobo lomhlala-phantsi ukongeza kwigalelo elilelakho nelingenagalelo?
Ngokusisiseko, kukho kuphela ipenshoni enegalelo nenganikeli galelo, kodwa zona, zona, zinokuhlelwa kwezinye iindlela.
Kwimeko ye-PNC, sinayo yomhlala-phantsi, leyo ibisoloko sijonga kulo lonke eli nqaku, kodwa sinento eyaziwayo njenge Ipenshoni yokuKhubazeka engahambisani negalelo, ethi inikwe abo bantu bakwimeko yokunqongophala kwezixhobo, kwaye ekufuneka bejongane nenqanaba lokukhubazeka elilingana okanye elingaphezulu kwama-65%.
Singatsho ukuba olu hlobo lwepenshini lwenziwe ukukhusela amacandelo abantu athi ngenxa yezizathu zokukhubazeka ngokwasemzimbeni, engenakho ukwenza uninzi lwemisebenzi enikezelwa kunikezelo lomsebenzi, yiyo loo nto luphumezo oluhle kakhulu lokhuselo lwentlalo.
Isiphelo
Emva kokufunda eli nqaku, usenokuba uqaphele ukuba nokuba awukwazanga ukuqokelela igalelo elifunekayo ukukhusela ipenshoni, konke akupheli, kuba kuhlala kunokwenzeka ukubhenela kwezinye iindlela kunye neemeko. Ngoku uyazi ukuba yintoni a Ipenshoni engahambisaniyo kunye nezibonelelo onokufikelela kuzo ngenxa yolu hlobo lokhuselo lwentlalo, ke ikamva lakho lezemali alisekho mfiliba njengoko kunokuba njalo xa ucinga ngaphandle kokhuseleko lwemali.