Xa uthetha ngepenshini, enye yezona zingaziwayo yinto ekuthiwa yeyomhlala-phantsi. Kodwa ngaba uyazi ngokwenene ukuba lolu hlobo loncedo loluntu luyintoni? Ewe, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba olu hlobo lwepenshini lolona lubhekisa kwinzuzo yezoqoqosho kunye nexesha elingenammiselo, nangona kungenjalo, ekunikezelweni kwalo kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuqala ubudlelwane bezomthetho noKhuseleko lweNtlalo (vuma ubuncinci bexesha lokufaka umnikelo kwiimeko ezithile), ukuba ezinye iimfuno ziyafezekiswa.
Ipenshoni enganikeliyo ayihambelani nohlengahlengiso oluhlala ludlalwa eSpain. Umzekelo, iprojekthi yohlahlo lwabiwo mali evunyiweyo ngolwe-Lwesibini liBhunga laBaphathiswa libone ukonyuka kweepenshoni ezisezantsi phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-3%, Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo kunye nodidi lwepenshoni, ngokunqwala kwiqela labathathe umhlala-phantsi abathe baqhuba uqhankqalazo oluninzi kwezi veki zidlulileyo eSpain. Ewe, olu nyuso aluchaphazeli ipenshini engenagalelo. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, ihlala iphantsi kwemida enye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Enye into ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo ukusukela ngoku kwimali yomhlala-phantsi engenagalelo kukuba kunzima kakhulu ukuyifezekisa. Kungenxa yokuba ayinguye wonke umntu onokuhlangabezana nezinye zeemfuno abazifunayo kuqokelelo oluhambelanayo. Kungenxa yokuba awungekhe ulibale ukuba ubukhulu becala okanye kancinci ipenshini enganikeli galelo yintlawulo yentlalontle kwabo bantu bangakhange banikele iminyaka eyoneleyo ukuze bakwazi ukuqokelela eziphi na ipenshoni ezincedisayo. Lo ngumahluko obalulekileyo ekufuneka uwuthathile ngokuqonda okugqibeleleyo.
Ipenshoni engenagalelo: ngubani onokufikelela kuyo?
Ewe kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu onokufikelela kolu hlobo loncedo kwezentlalo. Ukuba unomdla kuyo, awuzukukhetha ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba zeziphi iimfuno eziza kufunwa zezi zibonelelo. Phakathi kwezi zivelileyo zezona siza kuzikhankanya apha ngezantsi:
- Kuya kufuneka ubene ubuncinci beminyaka engama-65 kwaye onokuyimangalela kuyo nanini na ebomini bakho.
- La Uya kuba nokuhlala ngokusemthethweni eSpain. Ixesha elincinci lokuhlala. Ezimbini kuzo, ezimbini zazo kufuneka ukuba zaziphambi kwangoko phambi komhla wesicelo sepenshoni engahambisaniyo kwaye ngaphandle kophazamiso.
- Kuya kufuneka uswele ingeniso. Ngale ndlela, uya kudityaniswa kweli qela loluntu xa umvuzo wakho wonyaka ungagqithi kwi-5.136,60 euro.
Awuyi kuba nelungelo kuyo nayiphi na ipenshini yomhlala-phantsi eyaziwa njengegalelo ngokungazifezekisi iimfuno eziceliweyo. Phakathi kwazo, enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kukuba khange ube negalelo kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu kwisikim sokhuseleko ngokubanzi okanye ubuncinci njengomntu oziqeshileyo.
Isixa sale pension
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kukuqinisekisa isixa semali yepenshini enganikeliyo. Kungenxa yokuba ayilingani neerhafu. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, ziimali eziphantsi kakhulu ayizukuvumela ukuba ukonwabele ukuma amandla okuthenga. Ayilolize, olu hlobo lwepenshini ekhethekileyo ithathwa njengezibonelelo zentlalo ezona njongo zazo ziphambili kukukwanelisa ezona mfuno zakho zingxamisekileyo. Ayikho enye into kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu yimali ephantsi kakhulu onokuthi udale enye ingxaki ngexesha lomhlala phantsi. Yinto ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo, ikhethekile ukuba uswele ixesha elifutshane lokufaka igalelo kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu kubomi bakho bobungcali.
Ukuthelekisa ipenshoni enegalelo, kufuneka ulazi ixabiso lazo emva kohlengahlengiso lokugqibela olwenziwe ngurhulumente wesizwe. Ewe, ipenshoni ngesixa senyanga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-700 euro ngenyanga (9.800 euros ngonyaka) izonyuka kulo nyaka nge-1,5%, kuxhamla i-1,5 yezigidi zabadla umhlala-phantsi, ngelixa ipenshini enexabiso eliphakathi kwe-700 kunye ne-860 euro ngenyanga (i-12.040 ye-euro ngonyaka) iyonyuka kancinci, i-1%, eya kuthi ixhamle abadla umhlala-phantsi abangama-880.000, ngokwezibalo ezenziwe ngurhulumente.
Ingeniso ngexesha lomhlala-phantsi
Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kunyanzelekile ukuba wazi ngokobunzulu bento oyakuyifumana ukusukela ngoku ukuba ukhetha ipension. Kuba zinokubakho iindibaniselwano ezininzi njengoko ubona kwezi zihlandlo zichanekileyo. Hayi ngelize, i Isixa semali yepenshoni enganikeli yomhlala-phantsi, kulo nyaka 2018 zilungiswe kwezi zixa zilandelayo:
- Ngokupheleleyo: I-5136,6 i-euro minyaka le.
- Ubuncinci: I-1284,15 i-euro ngonyaka
- Ukunyuka ngokupheleleyo kunye ne-50%: I-7704,9 i-euro ngonyaka.
Kwelinye icala, ipenshini yomhlala-phantsi engenagalelo ayinakuze idlule kwi-5136,6 euro ngonyaka ngaphandle kwaleyo Abadla umhlala-phantsi ukunganikeli ngenqanaba lokukhubazeka elingana okanye elingaphezulu kwe-75%. Apho kuyakufuneka khona ukungqina isidingo soncedo lomnye umntu ekwenzeni izinto eziyimfuneko ebomini. Ukuba kunjalo, kufuneka wazi ukuba isixa semali yomhlalaphantsi wakho siyakuba ngaphezulu ngama-50% kunesixa esipheleleyo solu hlobo lwezibonelelo. Oko kukuthi, kulo nyaka ukhoyo, ungabiza isixa esipheleleyo malunga nale meko ye-7.704,90 euros.
Ngokusekelwe kumvuzo wakho
Nangona kunjalo, akuyi kuba lula ukufumana izixa ekubhekiswe kuzo ngasentla. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, kuba isixa siyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumvuzo wakho okanye kwiyunithi yentsapho ohlala kuyo. Nangeyiphi ndlela, ayinakuze ibe ngaphantsi kwe-25% yemali epheleleyo ephawulwe. Ngamanye amagama, ayinakuba ngaphantsi kwe-1284,15 euro ngonyaka. Ngokwenyani oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba umntu onomdla unenye ingeniso eyongezelelweyo, ngekhe abenakho ukuqokelela elona xabiso liphezulu. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, iya kuncitshiswa ngokuthe ngcembe de kufikelelwe kwelona xabiso lincinci lolu ncedo lwentlalo kubantu abadla umhlalaphantsi.
Kwelinye icala, inokuba kunjalo imeko yokuba uninzi lwabaxhamli kolu hlobo lomhlala-phantsi bahlala kunye nosapho. Kwimeko apho, umvuzo woluhlobo lomhlalaphantsi uyakwahluka kakhulu kwaye ngokuhambelana nezi meko zilandelayo siziphakamisa ngezantsi:
- Abaxhamli bepenshini abangahlawulanga: 4633,18 i-euro ngonyaka ngomxhamli ngamnye.
- Abaxhamli abathathu bepenshini abangaxhasiyo: I-4109, i-28 i-euro ngonyaka ngomxhamli ngamnye.
Ungazibeka phi ngokusemthethweni ezi nkxaso-mali?
Enye into ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo ukusukela ngoku kukuya apho ubanga khona ipension. Ewe, iinkqubo zolawulo zinokwenziwa kwi Iiofisi zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo, IMSERSO okanye kwiiofisi zeNkonzo yoLuntu kwindawo ohlala kuyo ezimeleyo. Kuya kufuneka ngokupheleleyo ukuba ubonelele onke amaxwebhu ayifunayo kuqokelelo lwale mibono. Apho kwezinye iimeko, ukubhengezwa komvuzo kule minyaka idlulileyo kuya kuba yimfuneko.
Ngaphakathi phakathi kwenyanga enye nezintathu Bayakuphendula kweli bango. Ngengqiqo, ukuba udibana nazo zonke iimpawu zokuqokelela lo mhlalaphantsi. Ukuba ewe, uya kuba nakho ukufumana le ngeniso kungekuko ixesha eligqithisileyo. Nangona ngalo naliphi na ixesha inani lazo linokwahluka, kuxhomekeke kwiindaba ezibonisiweyo ngokubhekisele kwingeniso onokuba nayo ngeli xesha lobomi bakho. Ngonobumba ongacacanga kuphuhliso lwentlawulo esemthethweni yomhlala phantsi.
Ukuhlaziywa ngo-2018
Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ipenshini enganikeliyo izakuhlaziywa kulo nyaka nge-0,25%. Abantu abahlangabezana neemfuno ezichazwe apha ngasentla kufuneka bangenise ifom yesicelo egcwaliswe ngokufanelekileyo kunye namaxwebhu ayimfuneko achazwe kwifom nganye. Iya kwenziwa ibe semthethweni kula maziko aseburhulumenteni akhankanywe ngasentla. Kodwa ukuze ube nentuthuzelo engakumbi yokulawula le nkqubo, iimodeli zinokulahlwa nge-Intanethi kuba zisemthethweni ngokupheleleyo.
Kuya kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba olu hlobo lwezibonelelo zoqoqosho zilungiselelwe abo kwimeko yesidingo esikhuselekileyo. Oko kukuthi, abanazibonelelo zaneleyo zokuphila kwabo ngokwemigaqo esemthethweni. Nangona bengenakho ukufaka igalelo elaneleyo lokufikelela kwizibonelelo zenqanaba lokufaka. Ngayiphi na imeko, kukho iindlela ezininzi kwezi zibonelelo kwaye zijolise kumacandelo afanelekileyo asekuhlaleni njengokukhubazeka kunye nomhlala phantsi.
Umhlala-phantsi kunye nokukhubazeka
Kuqondwa ngumhlala-phantsi oqhelekileyo, ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi phambi kwexesha ngenxa yomgangatho omnye, ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi kwangaphambi kokuba ube lilungu elihlangeneyo, ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi kwangaphambi kwexesha ngenxa yokuyeka umsebenzi ngokuzithandela, ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi ngaphambi kwexesha kwintando yomsebenzi, ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi phambi kwexesha ngenxa yokuncitshiswa ubudala ngenxa yokusebenza kwemisebenzi enzima, enetyhefu kunye nempilo, ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi kwangethuba kwabasebenzi abakhubazekileyo, ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi ngokungagqibelelanga, umhlala-phantsi oguqukayo kunye nomhlala phantsi okhethekileyo kwiminyaka engama-64
Elinye icala lokuvavanya lisuka kwinto yokuba zombini ipenshoni enegalelo kunye nepension gubungela iimeko zokukhubazeka kunye nomhlala-phantsi. Eyokuqala ikwagubungela ukukhubazeka okusisigxina (ngokupheleleyo, ukukhubazeka ngokupheleleyo kunye nokufa) (ukuba ngumhlolokazi kunye neenkedama endaweni yamalungu osapho). Zijolise kumacandelo afanelekileyo asekuhlaleni njengokukhubazeka kunye nomhlala phantsi.