Enye yeendlela abatyali mali abanazo kulo nyaka kukufumana ikontraki yotyalo mali. Kodwa banobunzima bokuba iklasi yezi mveliso zezezimali zininzi kwaye zahlukile ngokwendalo. Ukusuka kwiziphumo zezabelo kwimali engenayo okanye ingeniso esisigxina okanye kwezinye iindlela zokhetho. Kuzo naziphi na iimeko, kwaye ngaphakathi kwale meko, iiNgxowa-mali zoTyalo-mali zibhalise a ukubuya okuhle nge-0,77%, apho baqokelela khona ingeniso ye-6,5% kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinanye zokugqibela zonyaka, elona zinga liphezulu kwimbali eliqokelelweyo kude kube nguNovemba wonyaka ophelileyo.
Esinye sezitshixo sokungazenzi iimpazamo kolu hlobo lotyalo-mali kukwenza ukungafani ekusebenzeni. Yenye yeendlela ezilungileyo zotyalo-mali oluncinci noluphakathi lokugcina imali yabo abayityalileyo kwiimeko ezingathandekiyo ezinokuthi zenzeke kulo nyaka. Oko kukuthi, ukuze imali yethu ingafakwa kwibhasikithi enye, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, yenziwe ibe semthethweni ngeebhasikithi ezahlukeneyo yenziwe ngabaphathi.
Ukongeza, inokuba sisicwangciso esisebenzayo sokutyala imali ukuphucula umda wolamlo obonelelwa zezi mveliso zezezimali. Ngaphantsi kwezinye iipesenti eziza kuhamba kuxhomekeke kwiprofayili ithiwe thaca ngabatyali zimali zentengiso: baba ndlongondlongo, baphakathi okanye bonga. Ke ngoko, iiphothifoliyo ezahlukileyo ezahlukileyo zinokwenziwa ezinokuvelisa iziphumo ezahlukileyo kakhulu komnye komnye. Ngayiphi na imeko, akukho mfuneko yokuba bavelise kumhlaba omnye kwiiasethi zemali ezikhethiweyo. Kuya kufuneka bevela kumacandelo kutyalo-mali ahluke ngokucacileyo kumqondo wabo.
Yahlula-hlula ngokwendawo
Okokuqala, kuyinqweneleka ukuba kwa ezo ndawo azikhethwanga Kwimali nganye yotyalo-mali okanye kwiiasethi zemali ezenza iphothifoliyo ukusukela ngoku. Kuya kufuneka ukhethe abo babonisa imeko ebhetele ukuze imali iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ibonakale, Ngelixa kwelinye icala, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nefuthe kolu luvo, oluluncedo kakhulu ekuphumezeni isicwangciso sotyalo-mali sikhuseleke kakhulu kunangaphambili kwaye sinokwenza ukuba sigcine ukonga ngaphezulu kwezinye iintlobo zokuqwalaselwa kobuchwephesha.
Ngaphakathi kule ndlela yokusebenza kwintengiso yesitokhwe, akukho nyaniso ingeyonyani kukuba ukusukela ngoku, izikhundla kwiimarike zemali zaseYurophu naseMelika azinakubakho. Njengamazembe asembindini kutyalo-mali lwethu kwaye oko kuyoncediswa ligalelo elincinci kwingxowa-mali ngolona luvo lubalaseleyo kwiimarike zemali ezihlumayo. Umzekelo, inokwenzeka nakwabo bavela kwifayile ye- Indiya, China okanye nokuba ngowona mngcipheko uphezulu eRashiya. Banokubanakho ukuphinda bavavanye okuphezulu kakhulu kunakwindawo yokutshintshiselana ngokwesiqhelo, nangona baya kuba nezilungiso zobukhulu obuthile ngenxa yokuqina kwabo.
Dibanisa ingeniso esisigxina kunye nengeniso eyahlukileyo
Esinye sezitshixo ekuphumeleleni kotyalo-mali lwethu kwimveliso yezi mpawu zilele kumxube olumke kakhulu kuzo zombini ii-asethi eziyimali. Kwinqanaba elilingana neprofayili esibonisayo njengabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi kwaye oko kuya kuthi kumisele Iziphumo zokugqibela zomsebenzi, ngandlel 'ithile. Kodwa kuzo zonke iimeko, akufuneki babekho kwiintshukumo zethu kwingxowa-mali yotyalo-mali kwezi nyanga zizayo sinazo ngaphambili. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba kufuneka zihlalutywe kakuhle ukuze zenze ezona mpazamo zimbalwa ekukhetheni kwethu imali yotyalo mali.
Kodwa awunyanzelekanga ukuba uzikhawulele kwezi zinto zibalulekileyo zemali. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, unokukhetha ezinye iimveliso zemali okanye ezinye iindlela zotyalo-mali. Ngaphantsi kwemilinganiselo esele imiselwe ngabaphathi abajongene nokuthengisa ezi mveliso zezemali. Ayisiyi kuba yinzuzo ngakumbi kuphela ukusukela ngoku, kodwa anokuhlengahlengisa iimeko ezibi kakhulu kwiimarike zezabelo. Ngeziphumo ezinokukumangalisa ngononophelo olukhulu.
Kuphuhliswe phantsi kolawulo olusebenzayo
Alithandabuzeki elokuba ulawulo olusebenzayo lunokuba sesinye sezona ndlela-qhinga zotyalo-mali kufuneka uhlukanise imali oyityalileyo. Kuba inokukunceda ukuba usombulule ezona meko zingathandekiyo kwiimarike zezemali kwaye apho unokufumana khona imali ibe nenzuzo ngesolvency ethile kwiintshukumo ezivulekileyo kwiimali zotyalo mali. Ngelixa kwelinye icala, ayisiyonyani kangako ukuba le nkqubo yotyalo-mali yenziwe ngoku njengendlela
Ngaphantsi kwenkqubo yolawulo esebenzayo unethuba elihle lokuba unokuziqhelanisa nazo zonke iimeko ezinokuthi zenziwe okanye ziveliswe. Ngale ndlela, iipotifoliyo yeeasethi zemali zilungelelaniswa ngokwezinto eziguquguqukayo kwezoqoqosho ezikhula ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Ngaphandle kokuba wenze nantoni na ngokwakho kuba iya kuba ngumphathi ngokwakhe ophetheyo ukuguqula ipotifoliyo yotyalo mali. Lo msebenzi wenziwa amaxesha ngamaxesha kunye notshintsho olunokuchaphazela phantse isiqingatha semali yotyalomali. Nokuba zeziphi iiasethi zemali ezi mveliso zezezimali zenziwe ngazo.
Ukwenziwa kwepotifoliyo
Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi portfoliyo zihlala zibandakanya iimali njengezinto zokugcina ukonga kwezona meko zintle zeemarike zezabelo. Njengecandelo elincinci lokuthatha ithuba lokuhamba kakuhle kweasethi ethile yezemali. Nangona ngendlela encinci ngenxa yokuba olu lukhetho olunobungozi kunabanye kwaye kwesi sizathu akukho kubonakaliswa kakhulu kwizikhundla zabo. Ngelixa kwelinye icala, enye i-asethi yezemali ethi ezi mveliso zihlale zibandakanya amatyala oluntu ngokusekwe kwiindawo ezithile ezinokongeza ixabiso kutyalo-mali lwezi mali.
Kuyimfuneko ukuba uxinzelelo lokuba akukho mida yokubandakanya kwezi modeli, kuphela ezo iinkampani zolawulo zijonga njengezithandekayo, kuzwelonke nakwangaphandle kwemida yethu. Apho kwimzuzu ngamnye inokuba yahlukile njengoko ubonile kwifomathi zokugqibela ozibhalisileyo kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ukusuka kolu luvo, kuyinyani ukuba uneemodeli ezininzi onokukhetha kuzo kwaye uzalathise kwixesha lesigxina elicetyiswayo phakathi kweminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwesi-7 malunga. Ukuze ngale ndlela, uyile iqhinga lotyalo-mali eliyimpumelelo kwaye ukwimeko yokudala utshintsho lokugcina okanye olungazinzanga kule minyaka imbalwa izayo izayo. Kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu onokuthi uzifake isandla kwasekuqaleni, kuba kusondele esiphelweni somhla.
Ukuvela kwemali
IiNgxowa-mali zoTyalo-mali zifumene ukukhula kwe-2.105 yezigidi ze-euro kwaye zibeka umthamo wazo wee-asethi kwi-273.429 yezigidi zeerandi, 6,2%Ngokwe-Association of Investment Collective Institutions and Pension Fund (Inverco). Apho iiNgxowa-mali zoTyalo-mali ziqokelela ukwanda kwe-equity ye-15.915 yezigidi zeerandi. Kwakhona ngeli xesha iimarike zisebenzisene ngenkuthalo ekukhuleni kweeNgxowa-mali zoTyalo-mali, zigcina imeko entle yenyanga ephelileyo.
Ngapha koko, ukuvela okuqinisekileyo kweemarike zezabelo kwenze ukuba kuncitshiswe ukuthintela umngcipheko phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba, abaye bafuna iiNgxowa-mali ngokuchasana okuphezulu kwimarike yemasheya phakathi enyangeni. Oku, kunye nokukhula kwexabiso leepotfoliyo ngenxa yempembelelo yentengiso, kuvumele iindidi ngokubhencwa kwizabelo ukubonisa ukukhula okukhulu ubukhulu kwezinye iimeko.
Ngoluhlu lwemali
Yiyo loo nto, iiNgxowa-mali zoLingano lwaMazwe ngaMazwe zibonisa ukukhula ngenyanga ngaphezulu kwe-5% ngokweepesenti, kwaye ngaphezulu kune-1.839 yezigidi ngokwemigaqo epheleleyo. Kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinanye zokuqala zonyaka, iNgxowa-mali yoLingano lwaMazwe ngaMazwe ifumene ukukhula okuphezulu kuwo onke amanqanaba ngokweepesenti (ukwanda ngama-25%). Oku kuthetha ukuba i-7.400 yezigidi ze-euro ngaphezulu kokuchaphazeleka kwii-Equity zamanye amazwe (kwezinye zokwahluka). IiNgxowa-mali zeMali eziHlanganisiweyo eziHlanganisiweyo zikwabhalise ukuhamba kwemali nge igalelo elifanelekileyo, ethi yona kunye nokuhlaziywa kweemarike kuvumele olu didi ukuba lonyuse umthamo weeasethi nge-2,5% xa kuthelekiswa nenyanga edlulileyo (948 yezigidi ngaphezulu kweyeDwarha).
Ngokunjalo, iiMixed Equity Funds, oko kukuthi, ngokuchasana okuphezulu kwizitokhwe kwiphothifoliyo yazo (phakathi kwe-30% kunye ne-75% yetotali), zibonisa ukukhula okuphezulu enyangeni, kwaye zisemva kuphela kwezo zeNgeniso yaMazwe ngaMazwe ngokweepesenti ukukhula kunyaka (19,8% ngaphezulu kunoDisemba 2018). Ngokuchasene noko, iiNgxowa-mali zeNgeniso eQinisekileyo, iiNgxowa-mali eziQinisekisiweyo kunye nezo zinenjongo yokufumana inzuzo engaqinisekiswanga zinamava okuhla kwixabiso elipheleleyo ngoNovemba edibene ngaphezulu kwe-1.600 yezigidi zeerandi.