Uninzi lweendidi zotyalo-mali luthumele ukuphuma okupheleleyo ngo-Novemba. Olu luhlu lukhokelwa ziiMixed Funds, eziye zafumana ukuhlawulwa kwemali ngexesha elifikelela kwi-451 yezigidi zeerandi, ngenxa yeMali eMileyo eMisiweyo. Ekuqokeleleni konyaka, iiMixed Funds zikhona Ukungena komnatha exabisa i-2.162 yezigidi zeerandi
Okuphikisanayo, Iimali eziQinisekisiweyo Bakhokele inqanaba lokubhaliselwa komnatha kwinyanga kaNovemba nge-252 yezigidi zeerandi kwaye baqokelela i-266 yezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka. Ingeniso ye-Euro eguquguqukayo (ngaphandle kweSpain) ibhalise imirhumo ebiza ama-83 ezigidi zeerandi ngenyanga, eqokelela i-1.075 yezigidi zeerandi zokuhamba okuhle ngonyaka, ngokwedatha ebonelelwe nguMbutho wamaZiko oTyalo-mali aHlanganisiweyo kunye neNgxowa-mali yoMhlala-phantsi (Inverco).
Ngaphakathi kuloluphi utyalo-mali kwii-asethi eziyimali, imali yotyalo-mali iya kutyala iiasethi zayo ngokusekwe kwiiparameter ezahlukeneyo esiziveze apha ngezantsi:
- Utywala: Kuya kubaluleka ngokukodwa ukuba banolu phawu kwiiasethi ezityaliwe ngale mveliso yemali.
- Ukwahluka komngcipheko: Iya kuba sisicwangciso-qhinga esisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukubhengeza kwiimarike ezahlukeneyo okanye iiasethi zemali.
- Ukubekwa elubala: Kufuneka ziboniswe kwiincwadana ezinemifanekiso ezikhutshwe ngabaphathi bengxowa mali.
Ingxowa mali yotyalo mali: iikhomishini
Njengoko iyimveliso eyenzelwe ukutyala imali, kuya kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlalutya iindleko zokuyiqesha. Umele iikhomishini zale mveliso, eziphawuleka ngokuba zininzi kwaye zahlukile ngokwendalo, nangona kufuneka icacisiwe ukuba ayisebenzi kuzo zonke iimeko. Ezi ndleko zithetha ukukhutshwa kwemali okwahlukileyo ukusuka kwi-0,50% ukuya kwi-2% malunga kwaye oko kuya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, ezinje ngohlobo lwengxowa-mali yotyalo-mali enesivumelwano kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo womphathi. Ngayiphi na imeko, ezi zezona khomishini ziphambili zinokuhlawuliswa ngale mveliso yemali.
- Imali yolawulo kunye nediphozithi: ezo zihlawuliswa ngumphathi kunye nogcinileyo, ngokwahlukeneyo. Babonakalisiwe ngenxa yokuba sele bekhutshiwe kwixabiso lokuphelisa ingxowa-mali. Ke ngoko, awuyi kuqaphela inkcitho yabo njengakwezinye iikhomishini.
- Imirhumo yokubhaliselwa kunye nentlawulelo: kule meko, banokuxhasa umphathi okanye ingxowa-mali uqobo. Ngokungafaniyo neekomishini zangaphambili, ezi zicacile, okanye yintoni enye, bahlawuliswa kwiakhawunti yakho yokonga ngexesha lokwenza ngokusesikweni ubhaliso okanye imbuyiselo. Aziqhelekanga kangako ukuba uyazisebenzisa, kodwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko zifunwa ngakumbi kunezo zeqela lokuqala. Ukufikelela kwi-2% kwezinye zeemali zotyalo-mali.
Kwelinye icala, kunokwenzeka ukuba baya kukuhlawulisa iindleko ezithile tshintsha utyalomali ukusuka kwelinye igumbi ukuya kwelinye. Oko kukuthi, ngaphakathi kwengxowa-mali efanayo, nangona iipesenti zingabalulekanga kangako.
Ulawulo lwengxowa-mali esebenzayo nolusebenzayo
Enye into ekufuneka ujonge kuyo xa uqesha imveliso yezi mpawu yi uhlobo lolawulo oko kuyenziwa kuyo. Inokuthi isebenze okanye iphikise nje kwaye umahluko wayo ngokusisiseko ulele kubaphathi ababenzi bayo. Umahluko omkhulu ukusuka kwimodeli enye ukuya kwenye. Ngokumalunga nolawulo olusebenzayo kwiingxowa-mali zotyalo-mali, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ipotifoliyo yee-asethi eziyimali inokulungelelaniswa nayo nayiphi na imeko yezoqoqosho, nkqu nezona zinzima kurhwebo lwezezimali. Oko kukuthi, unokufumana inzuzo ekusebenzeni kwakho kuyo nayiphi na imeko.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iimali zolawulo lokuhamba zingaxelwa ezimileyo ngakumbi. Okanye yintoni enye, abahlupheki ngokwahluka ngokubhekisele kwiinto ezintsha ezivelayo kuqoqosho kwaye ngakumbi kwiimarike zezemali. Zombini kwimali engenayo esisigxina nakumahluko okhoyo okanye nakwezinye iimodeli. Ukuba yonke into ihamba ngokokulindelweyo, kungcono ukuqesha imali. Kuya kufuneka uyeke inzuzo iqhubeke de oku kuphele. Ziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiprofayili yomtyalomali omncinci nophakathi.
Ingeniso esisigxina okanye eyahlukileyo?
Lo ngumbuzo ongunaphakade abazibuza wona abatyali mali xa besenza enye yezi mveliso zezemali. Kuya kufuneka silandele imeko ebekwe ziimarike ngalo lonke ixesha kwaye ayisayi kuhlala ifana. Nokuba yeyiphi indlela, ezo zisekwe kwii-equities kunokwenzeka ukuba ziphuhlise inzuzo kwipotifoliyo. Nangona ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo ukuphulukana nemali eninzi kwizikhundla ezivelisiweyo. Oko kukuthi, bavelisa umngcipheko ophezulu kuba kuguquguquka ngakumbi kuzo zonke izinto. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, kuxhomekeke kwiprofayili yabanini bayo kunye nakwimiqathango yesigxina oza kuyiphawula kutyalo-mali.
Ngayiphi na imeko, esinye sezibonelelo zale mveliso yezemali kukuba bavumela ukudityaniswa kwezi asethi zemali ngaphandle kokushiya imveliso enye. Olu khetho lubonakala ngokwenzekayo Utyalomali oluxubeneyo. Apho kulungisiwe, umvuzo oguqukayo, ii-asethi zemali kunye nezinye ii-asethi eziyimali zalo naluphi na uhlobo zixubekile Esi sicwangciso sotyalo-mali sifezekisa utyalo-mali olukhulu. Into engenzekiyo kwezinye iimveliso zezezimali, nkqu nakwezona zinamandla.
Ukubeka iliso kwiimali
Ukuthotyelwa kweNgxowa-mali yoTyalo-mali nayo yonke le migaqo sele ikhankanyiwe kugadwe ngu Ikhomishini yeNtengiso yeSecurity yeSizwe (CNMV), que fumana ulwazi lwenyanga. I-CNMV ijongana neNgxowa-mali yoTyalo-mali, i-SGIIC kunye ne-Deposit entities, zombini ngokude (ngolwazi olufunyenweyo) nakwindawo ekuyo (ukwenza uhlolo ngokundwendwela amaziko agadiweyo).
Ukongeza, i-SGIIC kunye neendawo zokugcina imali kufuneka zisebenzele inzuzo yabathathi-nxaxheba beeNgxowa-mali zoTyalo-mali, kwaye kufuneka babambane omnye nomnye baphendule. Ukongeza, i-Depositary izalisekisa imisebenzi yokujonga kunye nokujonga abaphathi be-SGIIC kwaye kufuneka yazise i-CNMV ngazo naziphi na izehlo ezifunyenweyo.
Khetha ezinye iimali zotyalo-mali
Awunakho ukubhalisa kuphela ezi mali sizikhankanyileyo ngasentla. Kodwa, ngokuchaseneyo, kukho ezinye ezinokuba zinomdla kakhulu kuxhomekeke kumjikelo wezoqoqosho. Phakathi kwezi zinto zilandelayo
- Iimali zemali. Ngokusisiseko zisekwe kutshintsho lwezona ziphambili ehlabathini. Ukusuka kwiDola ukuya kwiNorone yaseNorway, ngeFranc yaseSwitzerland. Ezi ziimali ezingabandakanyi iyantlukwano kumaxabiso, kodwa ke azinabungozi njengoko kubonisiwe kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ngayiphi na imeko, basebenza njengabancedisi ekwenzeni ipotifoliyo enamandla kunye neyantlukwano kwingxowa mali.
- Iimali ezixubileyo. Zizo ezo kudityaniswa kuzo iiasethi zemali ezininzi, ezinje ngeziphumo zezabelo kunye nengeniso esisigxina. Ngobungakanani obunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomngcipheko abatyali mali ngokwabo abanqwenela ukujongana nawo. Zizona mveliso zintle zokunciphisa umngcipheko kwaye zibekho kwezona marike zezimali zichaphazelekayo. Ngeefomathi zazo zonke iintlobo kunye nendalo. Kwimeko kaxakeka ecacileyo kwimfuno yabasebenzisi bezimali ngokulula kweemodeli zabo zesivumelwano.
- Enye imali. Ziyifomathi engaziwayo ngabatyalomali abancinci nabaphakathi kwaye apho ezinye iintlobo zotyalo-mali zidityanisiwe. Enye yazo isekwe kwimathiriyeli ekrwada kwaye inokuba nokuhlaziya okuphezulu kunakwenye ingxowa mali.
Kuzo zonke iimeko, ezi modeli zotyalo-mali zivulelekile kuzo zonke iindawo zehlabathi, kubandakanya ezorhwebo lwezezimali. Akukho mida kwindawo yayo kwaye le yenye yeendlela eziluncedo kutyalo-mali olunazo kwezinye iimveliso zezemali. Yenziwe luluhlu olubanzi lweenkampani zolawulo ezithengisa ezi mveliso kumaziko emali aseSpain. Ngeemeko ezahlukeneyo ekuqeshweni nakwiikhomishini kunye nezinye iindleko kulawulo lwayo okanye kulondolozo.
Uyichonga njani eyona mali ifanelekileyo kwiprofayili yam?
Ukujonga konke oku sele kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemali zotyalo-mali zibanzi kakhulu ukuze ukwazi ukuziqhelanisa nazo zonke iintlobo zeeprofayili. Kuxhomekeke kubudala bam, umvuzo wam, amandla am okonga kunye nomngcipheko endizimisele ukuwamkela, ezinye iimali okanye ezinye ziya kulungela iprofayili yam yotyalomali. Ukuze sikwazi ukuziqhelanisa naloo ngqondo, enye into elungileyo yile yenza uvavanyo lokufaneleka olufana nolunikelwa nguFinnbest ngokunqakraza apha. Indlela yokuyisebenzisa ilula kakhulu, kuya kufuneka uphendule ngokuthe chu yonke imibuzo (iminyaka yakho, imali yokutyala, ingeniso, ukonga, umngcipheko owamkelekileyo, njl. Njl.) Ukuze iqonga likwazi yenza isicwangciso sengxowa-mali esilungele umsebenzisi ngamnye ngeepesenti zotyalo-mali kwii-caps ezincinci, ii-equities zase-US, ii-equity zaseYurophu, izabelo kumazwe asahlumayo, ingeniso esisigxina. Njengoko ubona, kulula kakhulu kwaye kuya kukuthatha nje imizuzwana ukuyigqiba.