Yeyiphi ingxowa mali yotyalo-mali endifanele ukuyikhetha?

Iimali zotyalo-mali yenye yeemveliso ezikhethwe ngabasebenzisi ukuhambisa ukonga kwabo ngendlela efanelekileyo. Njengokubambezela iidipozithi zebhanki zexesha elimisiweyo eziye zabona inzuzo yazo iyehla ukuya kwinqanaba sukubonelela ngaphezulu kwe-0,5% kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo. Ngale ndlela, iimali zikwazile ukweyisela abatyali zimali abancinci nabaphakathi ukuba bazame ukwenza ukuba imali ekhoyo ifumaneke. Ngaphezulu kolunye uthotho lweemveliso zemali ezintsonkothileyo kubume bazo noomatshini. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuthimba ukonga kwenxalenye elungileyo yaba bantu.

Ngaphantsi kwale ndlela ngokubanzi, enye yeengxaki ezinxulunyaniswa notyalo mali kukuba banikezela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Abaveli kuphela kwiimarike ze-equity, kodwa nakwi-fixed okanye even kwezinye iifomati okanye iimali. Ukuze kuthi kuwo omabini la matyala, isikhundla kwiimarike zezemali zinokuphuculwa ukusukela ngoku. Ukusuka kwezi ntlobo zeefomathi, siza kunika abafundi ezona ndlela zokukhetha ezona mali zilungileyo zotyalo-mali.

Ngapha koko, esi sisigqibo esiya kuxhomekeka yeprofayili eboniswe ngabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Oko kukuthi, ukuba banengcwangu, bemodareyitha okanye baphakathi ukuze bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemfuno zokwenyani abanazo ngexesha lokungenela le mveliso yemali. Njengemali abaza kuyabela le klasi yokusebenza ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zabo kulungelelwaniso lwabo njengabasebenzisi. Ngenjongo yokuphucula inzuzo ngoku enikezelwa zezi mveliso zotyalo-mali. Kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka ukusondela kwimbuyekezo ebonelelwe ngeli xesha ngokuthenga nokuthengisa izabelo kwimarike yemasheya.

Ukukhetha imali: uhlobo lweentengiso

Into yokuqala ekufuneka bajonge kuyo abasebenzisi yintengiso abafuna ukujolisa kuyo ukusukela ngoku. Oko kukuthi, ukuba yeyelizwe okanye abo bangaphandle kwemida yethu kwaye nangayiphi na imeko baya kugqiba Ingeniso yokwenene yeemali zotyalo mali ezikhethiweyo. Ngelixa kwelinye icala, kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba ujonge ukuvela kweemarike zezemali ozibeke kwiradar. Ngale ndlela, kufanelekile kakhulu ukuba uhlobo lweemarike lukhethwe ngokusekwe kumkhwa obonisa ngawo onke amaxesha kwaye ngendlela elinganayo nenzuzo yayo.

Kwelinye icala, ii-equity zesizwe kufuneka zihlale zikhona kwipotifoliyo yengxowa mali. Ayisiyiyo kuphela ngokuba zezona asethi ziyaziwayo zemali, kodwa nangenxa yokuba zezona zinekhomishini ezikhuphisana kuzo zonke. Apho unako gcina ukuya kuma-30% kwinxalenye elungileyo yezindululo ezithe zaphuhliswa ziinkampani zolawulo. Kananjalo, awungekhe ulibale ukuba elona candelo lincinci lokonga kwakho linokuya kwiimarike ezikhulayo. Kule meko, kuba zezona zinokuvelisa imbuyekezo ephezulu ukuba zibonisa imeko ephezulu ngasemva.

Kuxhomekeke kwimali

Iimali zemali mutual zibaluleke kakhulu kuba zinokuba yinto ekuphuculeni inzala ebonelelwa lolu hlobo lwemveliso yezemali. Ngokusisiseko, yahlulahlulwe yimfuno yolwazi oluncinci lwemisebenzi eyenziweyo evela kutyalo-mali kwisalathiso sentengiso akukho mngcipheko wemaliNgamanye amagama, imali yayo yi-euro, njenge-Eurostoxx - 50, kananjalo ngenxa yokuba ziinkampani ezidityaniswe ngamandla kwishishini lelizwekazi elidala.

Ubuncinci botyalo-mali ukufaka ezi mali zixhomekeka kwiimpawu zazo nganye, kodwa okwangoku kukho iimveliso ezinokubhaliswa ukusuka kwi-euro ezingama-100 kuphela, nangona kutyalo-mali ukuvelisa iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo ngokwenzuzo ebonakalayo kuyimfuneko ukufaka kwii-3.000 zama-euro ubuncinci. Eyona mali ikufutshane yeyona ikhethe le meko. Ngoncedo lokuba asizukubeka emngciphekweni ngokungeyomfuneko onokuthi usisindise ekusebenzeni ngaxa lithile ngexesha lokuqesha kwakho. Njengemali yotyalo-mali ebhaliswe kwiidola, iiSwitzerland francs okanye izithsaba zaseNorway, ukubiza ezinye zezezimali ezifanelekileyo nezaziwayo.

Inzala eqokelelweyo

Oku kufanele ukuba yenye yeeparameter ekufuneka sijonge kuzo xa sikhetha le modeli yotyalo-mali. Kodwa nokwazi ukuba inzuzo eyadlulayo ayizukuzaliseka kwiinyanga ezizayo. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, kuya kuba njengokuqhelanisa ukubonisa imeko eyiyo yotyalo mali. Ngapha koko zihlala zininzi Ukuhla enyuka unyaka nonyaka, njengoko kunokubonwa kuthotho lwembali. Ngayiphi na imeko, kuhlala kulungile kakhulu ukujonga le datha ngaphambi kokumisela ngokusesikweni ingxowa-mali yokwazi ukuba inokuba yintoni ukusebenza kwayo emva kokumiselwa ngokusesikweni.

Ngelixa kwelinye icala, zininzi izinto ekuya kuthi ekugqibeleni kuxhomekeke kuyo inzuzo yale mveliso yemali. Umzekelo, umzuzu wokudibana koqoqosho lwamanye amazwe, izehlo ezikhula apha enyakeni okanye ukuvela kweemarike zezabelo kwihlabathi liphela. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, esi sisiqwenga solwazi ekufuneka kuboniswene ngaso kwiincwadana zengxowa-mali kwaye ziyafumaneka kubo bonke abasebenzisi. Zombini ngokubhekisele kwiimveliso zesizwe kunye nezo zivela ngaphandle kwemida yethu, ezinokuthi zibonakalise iyantlukwano ebonakalayo kwenye okanye kwenye ingxowa mali yodidi olunye.

Khetha ezona asethi zibalaseleyo

Ayicacanga into yokuba enye idatha ekufuneka isetelwe ukusukela ngoku yile inento yokwenza nendlela yotyalo mali ngokwabo. Kwaye ngaphakathi kuyo, kunye nobhaliso lwabo babonisa eyona meko yokwenyani ngaloo mizuzu. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yimali ye-US kwaye kwezinye, umzekelo, izinto zokwenza izinto. Imeko nganye ifuna unyango olwahlukileyo olwenzeka kwipotifoliyo yeemali ezinokwahluka kakhulu, kuxhomekeke kwiprofayili ebonelelwe ngabasindisi abancinci nabaphakathi. Kungenxa yokuba oku malunga nokuphela kosuku kukwenza inzuzo kunye nokwenza ukuba inkunzi ifumaneke kutyalo-mali.

Nangona kunjalo, kuyinyani ukuba kukho ezinye iimodeli ezijolise kwixesha eliphakathi kwaye ngakumbi ixesha elide elilawulwa ngamanye amaxesha ezemali kwaye kungekuphela nje ixesha apho ii-asethi zabo zemali zidlula khona. Le yenye yemiba ekufuneka ilindelwe ngaphambi kokubhaliselwa kwakho ukuthintela iimeko ezingafunekiyo ezivela kule ndlela. Ayothusi into yokuba enye yezinto ekufuneka uziphephe kuzo zonke iindleko kukubhalisela imali yotyalo-mali ngaphandle kolwazi lwangaphambili kwaye oko kungakhokelela ekubeni ube nezinye izinto ezimangazayo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo, njengoko zisenzeka kubo. zokugcina ezincinci naphakathi.

Kwelinye icala, kuluncedo kakhulu ukuba uzivumele ucebiswe ngabo banoxanduva lotyalo-mali kwicandelo apho uza kubeka imveliso yale mali ngokusemthethweni. Yinkonzo yasimahla kwaye inokukuzisela ngaphezulu kwesibonelelo esinye ukuphucula inzuzo yakho. Kananjalo nokungathathi isigqibo esiphosakeleyo onokuzisola ngaso kamva kwaye ngomnye wemisebenzi abanayo abatyali mali. Nayiphi na impazamo ekubaleni inokuxabisa i-euro ezininzi kwimali eseleyo yokusebenza.

Inzuzo kwingxowa-mali nganye

Iingxowa-mali zamashishini zamazwe ngamazwe zibonisa ukukhula ngenyanga ye-3,1% ngokweepesenti, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-1.140 yezigidi ngemigqaliselo epheleleyoNgokwedatha yamva nje ebonelelwe nguMbutho waMaziko aTyala imali kuTyalomali kunye neNgxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi (Inverco). Apho kuye kwacaca ukuba malunga nokuqokelelwa konyaka ophelileyo, iingxowa-mali zamashishini zamazwe ngamazwe zinamava okukhula okuphezulu kuwo onke amanqanaba ngokweepesenti (phantse i-29% inyuka), emele i-8.540 yezigidi zeerandi ngokungqinelanayo. Ingxowa-mali yengeniso esisigxina exubeneyo ibhalise ukungena okuhle kakhulu, okuthe kunye nokuhlaziywa kweemarike kuvumela eli candelo ukuba lenyuse umthamo walo wempahla nge-1,4% xa kuthelekiswa nenyanga edlulileyo (570 yezigidi ngaphezulu kweyeNkanga).

Ngale ndlela, iimali ezihlanganisiweyo zengeniso ezifumanekileyo ziye zabuyisa iiasethi ezilahlekileyo kwinxalenye yokuqala yonyaka ophelileyo, ngokunyuka okungange-2%. Kwangokunjalo, iimali ezixubeneyo ze-equity, oko kukuthi, ngokuchasana nesitokhwe kwiphothifoliyo yazo phakathi kwe-30% kunye ne-75% yetotali, ibonisa ukukhula okuphezulu enyangeni, kwaye kuphela emva kwemali yeemali zamazwe ngamazwe malunga nokukhula kwepesenti. unyaka (21,3% ngaphezulu kunangoDisemba 2019), kungabalwa ingeniso esisigxina, unyuko lwayo ngokuyinxenye lubangelwe kukuhlelwa okutsha kwemali ethile njengengeniso yexesha elifutshane.


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  1.   edelis sitsho

    Inqaku elihle, enkosi ngokuzinikela kwakho kunye nexesha. Ndiyakuvuyela