Igolide kunye nesilivere zizinto ezimbini ze-asethi zemali ezigcina amandla aphezulu anyukayo kule nxalenye yonyaka. Kwaye okona kubaluleke ngakumbi, bakwazile ukwaphula imimandla yokuchasa ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye ke bavule amathuba amatsha okungena kwizikhundla zabo ukwenza ukonga okunenzuzo. Ngokukodwa, igolide inyuka ivela kwimbutho egubungelayo ebonakala ngathi inendlela ende ekufuneka ihanjisiwe ukufezekisa amanqanaba amaxabiso afunekayo kunangoku. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokusondela kwindawo eyi-1.800 enokuthi yenze njengokuchasa.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, isilivere yaphuke yaya kuthi qatha emva kokoyisa ukulungiswa eyayikubhalisile ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuba yenye yeeasethi zemali ezithandeka ngakumbi ukuba nohambo olukhulu lokunyuka njengesiphumo soxinzelelo oluphezulu lokuthenga olugqithe amanqanaba eminyaka yakutshanje. Kwimeko apho ithathwa njengesinyithi esinexabiso elincinci kutyalo-mali ngabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Kodwa inamandla aphezulu ngokulinganayo okuhlaziya kwaye inokufikelela kwinqanaba ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-26 kwimeko embi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na inkcaso engaphambili njengenkuthazo yokuthatha izikhundla ukusukela ngoku.
Enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kwezi asethi ezifanelekileyo zezemali zivela kwinto yokuba zithathwa njengendawo ekhuselekileyo ngamaxesha okungazinzi kweemarike zezabelo. Ke ngoko, zinokusetyenziselwa ukuzama iintshukumo ezikhawulezayo kunye nokufumana inzuzo enkulu kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu zokunxibelelana nehlabathi lemali. Njengakwinto yokuba ngokwembali, igolide idlale indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwamazwe amaninzi. Nangona ingaselilo uhlobo oluphambili lwemali, igolide iseyinto eqinileyo, yotyalo-mali lwexesha elide. Uhlobo oluchaziweyo lweprofayili yomtyali-mali, apho abatyali-mali abanolwazi olunamandla lweemarike zezemali baphumelela.
Igolide: baleka inkunzi
Okwangoku, akukho mntu ukuthandabuzayo ukunyuka kwentsimbi etyheli kwaye yonke into ibonakala ngathi iza kuya kumanqanaba anzima ngakumbi kunalawo abonisiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Apho kufanelekileyo ukubonisa ukuba olu lutyalomali olunokuthi lusebenze ngenxalenye elungileyo yalo nyaka. Hayi ngokusisigxina, oko kukuthi, kwixesha eliphakathi nelide kuba inokunika imeko enzima kakhulu kwinxalenye enkulu yabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Kuba kungekudala okanye kamva kuya kubakho ulungiso kumaxabiso abo kwaye kunokuba kwinqanaba elichanekileyo lokushiya izikhundla kule ntsimbi ixabisekileyo.
Kwelinye icala, ayinakulityalwa ukuba ezi asethi zemali zihamba ngeeparameter ezahlukeneyo kwezo zeemarike zokulingana ngokwesiko. Ngengqiqo yokuba balawulwa yiminye imigaqo abangenasixhobo abanakulungela ukuyilandela ngesiqhelo esithile. Le yeyona ngxaki iphambili ngokuthatha isikhundla kwigolide nakwisilivere kula maxesha achanekileyo kuba inokwenza iimeko ezingafunekiyo ngaxa lithile enyakeni. Kungenxa yokuba ayinakujongwa ukuba zombini iiasethi ziguquguqukayo kwaye zibonisa umohluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaxabiso aphezulu kunye neyona isezantsi kwiseshoni efanayo yorhwebo.
Ungayisebenzisa njani le meko?
Ungayithenga njani igolide? Ewe, zininzi iindlela zokuthenga igolide. Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zinokusetyenziselwa ukufikelela kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo zotyalo-mali. Abatyalomali kufuneka baqwalasele ukhetho olufumanekayo kwintengiso yabo, uhlobo lotyalo mali olufanelekileyo kwiimeko zabo, kunye nohlobo lweengcebiso zobungcali abazakuzidinga.
Ukuthatha isigqibo ngendlela yokutyala igolide kubandakanya ukuvavanya iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zotyalo-mali ezinxulumene negolide Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zotyalo-mali ezinxulumene negolide, zonke zinobungozi obahlukeneyo kwaye zibuyisa iiprofayili, iimpawu zokuhlawula amatyala kunye nemirhumo. Ngokwesiqhelo, isicwangciso-qhinga sokwabiwa kweeasethi siyakuthathela ingqalelo ukubuya kwexesha elide xa kuthelekiswa nembuyekezo yexesha eliphakathi, kunye nendlela iimveliso zotyalo-mali lwegolide ezisebenza ngayo ngokulungelelanisa okuhle okanye okungalunganga nezinye iiasethi.
I-bullion encinci kunye neengqekembe zibalwa malunga nesibini kwisithathu semfuno yotyalo-mali yegolide yonyaka kunye nekota yekota yebango legolide kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Ibango lemivalo kunye neengqekembe sele liphindaphindwe kane ukusukela kwii-2000s zakuqala, kwaye imeko ithambeka eMpuma naseNtshona. Kusekwe iimarike ezintsha, ezifana ne China, kwaye iimarike ezindala, ezinjenge Yurophu, ziphinde zavela.
Iimali ezithengiswa ngegolide ezixhaswe ngokwasemzimbeni (ii-ETFs), izinto zorhwebo ezithengiswayo (ETCs), kunye neakhawunti yemali efanayo malunga nesinye kwisithathu semfuno yotyalo-mali lwegolide. Ezi mali zaphehlelelwa okokuqala ngo-2003 kwaye, ukusukela ngo-Matshi 2016, ngokudibeneyo zibambe iitoni ezingama-2.300 zegolide ebonakalayo egameni labatyali-mali kwihlabathi liphela.
Izinto eziluncedo zegolide njengotyalo mali
Nangona ingaselilo uhlobo oluphambili lwemali kwilizwe eliphuhlileyo, igolide iseyinto yotyalo mali ethandwayo ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi.
Utywala. Igolide inokuguqulwa ngokulula ibe yimali naphi na emhlabeni. Ngaphandle kwemali eyinyani, ukuthengiswa kunye negolide kwindalo ayinakuthelekiswa nanto.
Igcina ixabiso layo. Igolide ithambekele ekugcineni ixabiso layo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Abezomnotho bathi nexabiso legolide alibonisi xabiso lalo. Oko kukuthi, nokuba ixabiso liyehla, ixabiso elingaphantsi kwegolide alitshintshi kangako. Oku ikakhulu kubangelwe kukuba kukho isixa esiqingqiweyo segolide ngenxa yento yorhwebo, ngelixa idola yaseMelika, eluhlobo lwemali yeefat, ingenalo ixabiso lendalo.
Ukuzimela ngokuchasene nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Igolide inyuka ngexabiso xa amaxabiso entengo ebambe. Kuba igolide inexabiso ngeedola zaseMelika, nakuphi na ukwehla kwedola kuya kukhokelela kwixabiso eliphezulu legolide. Ngenxa yoko, ngamaxesha okunyuka kwamaxabiso, igolide ibonelela ngotyalo-mali oluzinzileyo ngakumbi kunemali.
Ulwahlulo. Ukongeza isitokhwe esahlukileyo kwipotifoliyo yakho yindlela ebalulekileyo yokwahlula kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko opheleleyo wotyalo-mali lwakho. Ngaphaya koko, njengoko igolide ihlala ihambela kwelinye icala ukuya kwimarike yemasheya kunye nexabiso lemali, inika uhlobo olusebenzayo lokwahlukahlukana.
Utyalomali olufunwa kwilizwe jikelele. Igolide ihlala iyinto yorhwebo jikelele. Nangona amazwe ethengisa ikamva lawo ngezezimali, ubuncwane kunye nolunye ukhuseleko kwihlabathi liphela, ngokungafaniyo negolide, aphantsi kwembambano yezopolitiko.
Igolide isetyenziswa njengegalelo kwiimveliso. Kuba igolide isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngobucwebe kunye nezinto ze-elektroniki, kukho imfuno ethembekileyo ethe gqolo izinzisa ixabiso legolide. Kwakhona, ngamaxesha okunyuka kweemfuno, ezi marike zinokunyanzela ixabiso legolide ukuba lenyuke.
Iingxaki zokutyalomali kwigolide
Ngelixa igolide inokuba lutyalo-mali olukhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezixoxwe ngasentla, qwalasela ezantsi ngaphambi kokutyala:
Igolide ayivelisi umvuzo wokungena. Olunye utyalomali olunje ngezitokhwe kunye neebond zinokufumana isahlulo sexabiso laso kwimali engenayo ngendlela yenzala kunye nezahlulo. Nangona kunjalo, imbuyekezo kuphela onokuyifumana kwigolide kuxa ixabiso lonyuka kwaye uthatha isigqibo sokuyithengisa.
Igolide inokwenza ibhabhu. Kuqoqosho oluneziphithiphithi, abantu abaninzi baqala ukutyala igolide, kodwa xa abatyali zimali beqala ukothuka, igolide inokuba ngaphezulu. Oku, kwelinye icala, kuthetha ukuba utyalomali lwakho lungalahla ixabiso nje xa ixabiso lilungile.
Ufuna indawo yokugcina ekhuselekileyo nekhuselekileyo. Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokuthenga igolide ebonakalayo, awuzukugcina nje kuphela, kodwa kuya kufuneka uyiqinisekise. Ngaphandle koko, awuyi kuba nakho ukubuyisela enye ukuba yonakele okanye ibiwe.
Iirhafu zokufumana iirhafu ziphezulu kuninzi lotyalo mali lwegolide. Kuba igolide ithathwa njengeyona nto iqokelelweyo eMelika, iirhafu zokufumana irhafu ngama-28%, ephezulu kakhulu kunexabiso eliqhelekileyo lokufumana i-15%. Oko kwathethi, iinkampani zemigodi ezingatyali golide ngokuthe ngqo zisarhafiswa kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo.
Ukunyuka kwexabiso legolide kungqamana nokuhla kwexabiso lemali yalapha ekhaya. Uninzi lwezoqoqosho luthi igolide inyuka kuphela ngexabiso xa idola yehlisiwe okanye ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunamandla. Ngenxa yoko, abagxeki bakholelwa ukuba igolide ayiniki mbuyekezo yaneleyo kwezinye iimarike.
Nini ukutyala igolide
Elona xesha lilungileyo lokutyala igolide kuxa kulindeleke ukuba intengo ibambe kwaye yehlise ixabiso lemali yesizwe. Okukhona la mathontsi sele efumanekile, kokukhona kuya kufuneka wenze igumbi elininzi. Izikhombisi ezikhokelayo, ezinje ngeengozi zentengiso yestokhwe kunye nengxwabangxwaba yezopolitiko, zingabonisa ukwehla kwemali yelizwe lakho. Izibhengezo zebhanki enguVimba ukuprinta imali eninzi yasekhaya nazo zinokubonisa ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyala igolide.
Xa imali yendawo isomelele, kwaye nexabiso lentengo alilindelwanga, akukho ndawo ininzi yexabiso legolide elonyukayo. Oko kwathiwa, ukuba kulindelwe ibango kwiimarike ezifuna igolide, ezinje ngobucwebe kunye nezinto ze-elektroniki, cinga ukutyala imali kwigolide ukuze uthathe ithuba loxinzelelo lwexabiso elinokubakho.
Nangona kunjalo, xa kusenziwa, ukuthenga nje kunye nokubamba iqhinga lotyalo-mali kunokuba ngcono kumtyali mali oqhelekileyo kwigolide. Kuba uqoqosho luhlala lujikeleza, thenga xa ixabiso legolide liphantsi, nokuba ilizwe lakho okwangoku lihamba nexesha lesiphithiphithi okanye ucinga ukuba libhekise kwelinye. Ngale ndlela, awunakukhathazeka ngokuthenga xa wonke umntu ethenga kwaye eqhuba ixabiso.
Yeyiphi ipesenti yesikhundla ekufanele yenziwe yigolide?
Akukho mthetho umiselweyo wokuba ingakanani igolide ofuna ukuba nayo kwisipaji sakho. Oku kuya kuxhomekeka kwindlela oziva ngayo kwintengiso, ukuba ukhululeke kangakanani xa ungazinzanga, kunye neemfuno zakho zemali kunye nexesha elipheleleyo.
Ngenxa yokuba igolide lolunye lotyalo-mali olwenza kakuhle kwimarike yebhere, cinga ukuba ngaba uziva unebarbari okanye unamandla, kwaye uyisebenzise ukujikeleza ipotifoliyo enobundlobongela. Ekugqibeleni, kuya kufuneka usebenzise iindlela ezifanayo zolawulo lweepotifoliyo ekwabeni igolide njengokuthenga olunye utyalomali.
Indlela yokutyala imali kwigolide
Zininzi iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokutyala igolide:
Thenga igolide ngqo. Ungathenga igolide ngokuthe ngqo ngohlobo lwemivalo okanye iingqekembe. Emva koko ushiyeke kunye nezixa zegolide, ezinokuthengiswa kamva. Kungavakala kulungile ukuba negolide ezandleni zakho, kodwa kufuneka ulumke ngayo. Eyona ngxaki inkulu kukuba kuya kufuneka uhlawule ukuze i-inshurensi okanye igcinwe.
Thenga izabelo kwinkampani yegolide. Unokuthenga izabelo kwinkampani evelisa igolide. Ixabiso lezabelo liza kudityaniswa kakhulu nexabiso legolide uqobo. Unokufumana izabelo kwizabelo zakho.
Ixesha elizayo kunye nokukhethwa kwigolide. Ungatyala imali kwigolide ngokuphuma kwimali egxile kutyalo-mali lwegolide njengeefowuni kunye nokukhetha ukhetho. Ukukhetha umnxeba kufanelekile ukuba ulindele ukuba ixabiso legolide lonyuke. Kwelinye icala, ubuya kuthenga ukhetho xa ulindele ukuba ixabiso legolide lehle. Njengazo ezinye iimveliso, ikamva legolide kunye nokukhetha kuyingozi; unethuba lokufumana imbuyekezo ephezulu okanye ufumane ilahleko enkulu.
Gcina imali kwi-ETF yegolide. I-ETF yegolide yingxowa-mali yokurhweba ngemali egxile kutyalo-mali kuluhlu lwezokhuseleko lwegolide. Oku kwahluka kunganciphisa umngcipheko wakho ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. Ii-ETF zegolide ezimbini ezaziwayo kwimarike zii-StreetTRACKS Gold Trust kunye ne-iShares COMEX Gold Trust.
Igolide inokuba luncedo kutyalo-mali xa bonke abanye besilela. Ukuba ukhathazekile malunga nokunyuka kwamaxabiso okanye ukwehla kwemali yelizwe lakho, unokufuna ukongeza igolide kwipotifoliyo yakho. Ngale nto ithethwayo, qonda ngokuthe ngqo kutyalo-mali lwegolide olucingayo ngaphambi kokutyala. Umzekelo, ingaba iyakubiza malini ukugcina nokuqinisekisa ngegolide ebonakalayo? Uthini umahluko werhafu kwicandelo lakho lerhafu yengeniso phakathi kotyalomali kwi-ETF yegolide okanye kwi-ETF yemigodi yegolide? Ukwazi iinkcukacha kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu xa kusiziwa kwinzuzo.
Njengokulingwa njengoko kunokuba kukuthenga igolide eninzi kuqoqosho olusokolayo, zama ukungakhathali. Iibhubhu zegolide zikhona, kwaye ukunqanda ukubonakaliswa kakhulu kulo naluphi na udidi lweeasethi, uhlala ufuna ukugcina iphothifoliyo eyahlukileyo.
Igolide inokuba yindlela eluncedo kakhulu yokwahlula iphothifoliyo yakho. Inqabile, kwaye ixabiso layo lihlala lingahambelani nezinye iiasethi ezinje ngesitokhwe okanye ipropathi. KwaMoneyWeek, besisoloko sithetha ukuba igolide ibonelela nge-inshurensi kwipotifoliyo yakho, kwaye sikholelwa ekubeni uninzi lwabantu kufuneka lwabiwe malunga neepesenti ezintlanu (5%) zeepotifoliyo zabo kutyalo-mali lwegolide okanye olunxulumene negolide. Ke umbuzo olandelayo kukuba: kufuneka uyityale njani igolide?
Tyala imali kwigolide ebonakalayo
Igolide ebonakalayo kufanelekile ukuyigcina kuba yimali epheleleyo, egcinwe ziibhanki eziphambili. Ngendlela efanayo yokuba ikhaya losapho akufuneki ukuba liqwalaselwe njengotyalo-mali, imivalo yegolide ayilulo utyalo-mali ngeseshoni nganye, kodwa kunoko yindlela yokonga umhla wemvula okanye i-inshurensi yezemali. Akufanele uthengise igolide yakho. Awungekhe uthengise umgaqo-nkqubo weinshurensi, ke musa ukuthengisa igolide yakho.
Igolide yindlela elungileyo yokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kobutyebi kunye nokudlulisa ubutyebi ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwana ukuya kwesinye. Nje ukuba unegolide yegolide kwiphothifoliyo yakho, ke olunye utyalo-mali olufana nezitokhwe zemigodi, iimali ezihlangeneyo kunye nolunye utyalo-mali lwegolide oluqikelelweyo lunokuqwalaselwa.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba ungayithenga phi imivalo yegolide, qhubeka ufunda apha
Imivalo yegolide yanamhlanje kunye neengqekembe
Iingqekembe zegolide zanamhlanje zivumela abatyali mali ukuba babenethenda esemthethweni yegolide ithenda esemthethweni ngexabiso eliphantsi ngaphezulu kwexabiso legolide njengoko kuthengiswa ngalo kwiimarike. Ixabiso leengqekembe zeebhiliyoni kunye nemivalo igqityiwe phantse kwixabiso legolide, kwaye ke ngoko lilandela ixabiso le-bullion.