Iimali zemali ziye zaba yinto engaziwayo ngabatyalomali abancinci nabaphakathi. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yenzuzo yabo ephantsi kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwaye ngenxa yoko abenzi ukuba bathambekele ekuqeshweni. Kwimeko jikelele, apho imali yotyalo-mali iyonke irekhodile ukubuya okuqinisekileyo kwe-1,58%, ekuthi ngayo imbuyekezo kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka ifike kwi-4,83%, emele eyona mbuyekezo iqokelelekileyo kwisemester yokuqala yeemali zotyalo-mali.
Kodwa apho iimali zemali ngokuqinisekileyo bezingezizo eziphuhlise owona msebenzi mhle ngeli xesha. Ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokunxibelelana kwayo kakhulu nexabiso lemali, ngexesha apho inzala ikwi-0%, elona nqanaba lisezantsi ebomini. Njengomphumo womgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owenziwe ngabasemagunyeni be-European Central Bank (ECB) kwiminqweno yabo yokukhuthaza uqoqosho kummandla we-euro emva kwengxaki yezoqoqosho ka-2008.
Kuyinyani ukuba imali yotyalo-mali izinzile, kodwa ingeniso encinci kwaye le nyani isusa umtsalane phakathi kwabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba bathambekele kwezinye iimodeli kulawulo lwabo, ezinje ngemali yotyalo-mali kwii-equities, ingeniso esisigxina okanye imbuyekezo epheleleyo njengefomula yokwenza ulondolozo lwabo lube nenzuzo kunye neziqinisekiso ezinkulu zempumelelo ukusukela ngoku. Kodwa zithini iimali ezihlangeneyo zemali? Ewe, siza kukunika izitshixo eziyimfuneko kwimeko yokuba uza kubona kufanelekile ukusukela ngoku ukuya kuqesha ezi mveliso zezemali.
Iimali zemali, zinjani?
Olu didi lweemali zotyalo-mali lwenziwe ngeefomathi ezineeasethi ezenziwe ngezixhobo zengeniso esisigxina, ubuncinci iinyanga ezili-12. Babonakaliswe ngaphezulu kwako konke ngokhuseleko lwabo oluphezulu kunye nokuhlawula amatyala. Ngenxa yoko, bahlukile kwezinye iimali ngokuba nembuyekezo ephantsi kakhulu kunye nokuguquguquka. Okwangoku, inzala yakho yonyaka ayidluli kwi-0,50% kwezona meko zintle. Oko kukuthi, akukho nto kwaye ivumela abatyali mali ukuba bakhethe ezinye iimodeli kulawulo lwabo. Ngale ndlela, ziyafana kakhulu kwiidipozithi zebhanki zexesha elide, ezinendlela efanayo yokuziphatha.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, imali yotyalo-mali ayiyona ndlela ibhetele yokwenza ukuba inzuzo ibenenzuzo kwiminqweno yabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, banceda ukufezekisa umvuzo omncinci kwezona meko zilungileyo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uthethe ngotyalo-mali kwezi ndlela zongenelelo ziphakathi. Kwaye ke sithetha ngemveliso eyenzelwe iprofayili yotyalo mali. Ngokubanzi abantu abadala abangazaziyo iindaba ezenziwa kwilizwe elihlala linzima lemali.
Iikomishini ezisezantsi
Ngokuchasene noko, kwaye njengeyona nto iphambili kukuba iikhomishini zayo zezona ziphantsi kwicandelo lengxowa mali. Ngeerhafu ezingafane zidlule kwinqanaba le-0,6%. Ngamanye amagama, isezantsi kunakwenye ingxowa mali yotyalo-mali, nokuba yeyokungafani okanye yengeniso esisigxina. Ukuze inkcitho encinci ibuyekeze ubuncinci benzuzo ebonelelwa zezi mveliso zemali. Ngesibonelelo, ngaphandle kokuba sinamandla njengakwezinye iimali zotyalo-mali, siyayigubungela ibango labanini baso.
Enye into ekufuneka ijongiwe xa kuthethwa ngemali yezezimali kukuba zinokuncedisa kolunye utyalomali. Zombini ezemali kunye nengeniso esisigxina, nangona oomatshini babo belandela iindlela ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo kwaye kufuneka bahlalutye ngaphambi kokubhaliselwa kwabo. Kuzo zombini iimeko, kunokuthiwa ezi mali zinenzuzo, kodwa zichasene. Ngokwehla kweekhontrakthi ezenziwe ngabasebenzisi, ngokweedatha zamva nje ezithunyelwe nguMbutho wamaZiko oTyalo-mali oluHlanganisiweyo kunye neNgxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi
Banokuqeshwa nini?
Isicwangciso sotyalo-mali kolu luhlu lweemali siqhutywa ngendlela efike ngexesha kwaye phantsi kweemeko ekufuneka zihlonitshwe ngalo lonke ixesha. Ngamanye amagama, kwimeko yobuthathaka kwiimarike ze-equity apho abatyali mali bebalekela ekubalekeni kwemali. Apho ukhuseleko lwabo lukhona ngaphezulu kwezinye iindlela ezinoburharha zotyalo-mali. Ukwazi kwangaphambili ukuba kuya kubakho inzala encinci eya kufunyanwa ukusukela ngoku.
Kwelinye icala, ezi mali zikhethekileyo zotyalo mali zihlala zimile. Ngaphandle kokuhamba kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye ukuze kungabikho zindaba kutyalo mali. Ngokwenyani oku kuthetha ukuba akukho mali iya kwenziwa okanye ilahleke kolu tyalo mali. Into enokwanela ngamaxesha okuwa okukhulu kwiimarike zezemali kuba imali ikhuselwe kwisambrela sale asethi yemali. Ngaphandle kolunye uthotho lokuqwalaselwa kwendalo yezobuchwephesha okanye kwimbono yeziseko zayo. Into ngokuqinisekileyo engakholisiyo kubo bonke abatyali mali.
Igalelo kule mali
Ngezi mpawu sizihlalutye kwingxowa mali yotyalo mali, alithandabuzeki elokuba akukho mfuneko yokuba utyale imali eninzi. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu kuba akukho nto iya kufezekiswa kwintsebenzo abayinikelayo. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, kuya kwanela ukwenza igalelo elincinci kwiimeko ezintle kwaye xa ujongene namaxesha okungazinzi okukhulu kunye nokungazinzi kwiimarike zemali. Ukuze ngale ndlela, ilahleko zingafakwanga kwipotifoliyo yethu yotyalo mali. Njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sokuzikhusela okanye sokugcina esigxile ekugcineni ukonga ngaphezulu kwezinye izinto eziqwalaselwayo.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, kukho nefuthe lokuba imali yezi mpawu ayenzelwanga ukufumana isixa esikhulu semali. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, luhlobo lotyalo-mali oluye lwaphuma kwifashoni njengoko kunjalo ngemodeli ezazisetyenziswa ngabazali bethu okanye oomakhulu nootatomkhulu ukwenza ulondolozo lwabo lube nenzuzo kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo kwaye ngelo xesha babenesizathu sokuba kwaye babe inenzuzo ngenxa yokuba inzala ephakathi ibekwe kumanqanaba asondele kakhulu kwi-7% okanye kwi-8%. Kwaye ke sinokufumana imbuyekezo kulondolozo lwethu ngoku ekunzima ukufezekisa.
Iimpawu kule mveliso
Ngayiphi na imeko, kukho ezinye izinto ezigwenxa kwiingxowa mali zotyalo mali ekufuneka zihlalutywe ngaphambi kokuqeshwa kwazo ukusukela ngoku. Umzekelo, ngenxa yeekhomishini ekugqibeleni ungaphulukana nemali kwezi fomathi zokonga zobuqu. Kunye nokusebenza kwayo okungalunganga emva kweminyaka eliqela yokusisigxina kwaye oko kuyathandeka emva kweminyaka emininzi ibhalansi yethu kwingxowa-mali ingaphezulu okanye ingaphantsi kunakuqala. Ngaphandle kokwenza ibhegi yolondolozo njengoko ibingumbono wethu ophambili kwaye oko kungakhokelela ekuphoxekeni ukufakwa kwimeko yethu yengqondo njengabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi esiyiyo.
Ngelixa lokugqibela, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ezi mveliso zezezimali akunakulindeleka ukuba zenze naluphi na uhlobo lotyalo-mali. Ukuba akunjalo, zezomzuzwana othile kwaye andifuni ukungenisa imbuyekezo kulondolozo olwanelisayo kwiminqweno yethu. Ngayiphi na imeko, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo lolunye lotyalo mali olungonelisiyo ngalo mzuzu, nangaphantsi kweedipozithi zebhanki zexesha elide. Apho inzuzo ngalo mzuzu iphantse yangabikho. Kwaye ke kubonakala ngathi iyakuba yile minyaka izayo, apho kungayi kubakho khetho ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ukufikelela kwimbuyekezo eyamkelekileyo yomntu wonke.
Utyalomali luyakhula kulo nyaka
Ingxoxo ethile kwimfazwe yorhwebo kunye nesimo sengqondo esilondolozayo seBhanki Ephakathi ukunyuka kwenqanaba lenzala, Ivelise ithemba elibonakalayo kwiimarike zezemali, ezifumana inxenye yolungelelwaniso lukaMeyi. Phantse zonke ii-indices zebenchmark zivaliwe ngoJuni ngokuqinisekileyo, kunye nembuyekezo ukusuka kwi-2,2% ye-Ibex 35 ukuya phantse kwi-7% ye-S & P 500.
Kwangokunjalo, iimarike zamatyala zibhalisile ukuhlaziywa kwamaxabiso kunye nee-IRRs zazo kwimbali esezantsi, ngokweedatha zamva nje ezinikezwe nguMbutho waMaziko aTyala imali kunye neMali yePension (Inverco). Isivuno kwibhondi yaseJamani yeminyaka eli-10 ekupheleni kwenyanga -0,32%, ngelixa ityala leminyaka eli-10 laseSpain lifikelele kwi-0,39%. Ngayiphi na imeko, inzuzo yezi mveliso ikwimigangatho ephantsi kakhulu ukuba ingamkelwa ngabatyali zimali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ngaphandle kokwenza ibhegi yolondolozo njengoko ibingumbono wethu ophambili kwaye oko kungakhokelela ekuphoxekeni ukufakwa kwimeko yethu yengqondo njengabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi esiyiyo.