Iindidi zezinto ezivela kwimali ekufuneka uyazi

Ngenxa yendaleko enkulu kunye nokukhula kotyalo mali ukuza kuthi ga ngoku nangaphaya kweminyaka, uninzi lwabatyali mali belusebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemali ukufezekisa iinjongo zakho ukwenza ingeniso kutyalo-mali kwicandelo lezemali.

Kweli nqaku, siza kuthi sichaze ezona zinto zixhaphakileyo nezisetyenziswayo ngoku kwiimarike zehlabathi ezahlukeneyo, kuba ezi zixhobo ezithandwayo kwaye ziyaziwa kuye nawuphi na umtyali mali kwicandelo lotyalo-mali.

Iziphumo zenziwe zizixhobo zemali Ixabiso lalo livela kukuhla nokuhamba kwamaxabiso kwenye i-asethi, ekubhekiswa kuyo njenge- “asethi esisiseko”. Iasethi esetyenziswayo esebenza kuyo ihlala ihluke kakhulu okanye yahlukile, njengezabelo kwiinkampani, iimali, ii-indices zesitokhwe okanye izinto zokwenza imveliso, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezikhoyo.

Ngamafutshane, isiphumo esivela ngaphambili sisivumelwano esiphambili apho iinkcukacha kunye neemeko zisekwe ngexesha lesivumelwano, ngelixa utshintshiselwano olusebenzayo lwenzeka okanye lwenzeka kwixesha elizayo okanye ekuphelelweni kwesivumelwano.

Inyani ebaluleke kakhulu ngokubhekisele kwezi mveliso zezemali kukuba zixhomekeke kubungakananiOko kukuthi, ukutyala imali kubo kuyakufuneka isixa esincitshisiweyo okanye isixa xa kuthelekiswa nokufumana kwabo okuqhelekileyo, ke iziphumo zoku ziya kuphindaphindwa kokubini okuhle nokungalunganga.

Ngobuninzi bezinto ezivela kwezemali kunye neendlela zabo, emva koko siza kugxila kwaye sihlalutye ezi ntlobo zilandelayo:

Ixesha elizayo

Ixesha elizayo ziikhontrakthi okanye izivumelwano apho utshintshiselwano lwesixa-mali esimiselweyo se-asethi esekwe ngomhla wexesha elizayo okanye ukuphelelwa okuthile kumiselwe, ngexabiso ekuvunyelwene ngalo kwangaphambili okanye ngaphambili. Ngexesha elizayo sinokuthatha iintlobo ezimbini zezikhundla:

• Indawo ende: ngulo wamkelayo umthengi wekamvaNgamanye amagama, nje ukuba ikhontrakthi okanye isivumelwano siphelile, uya kuba nelungelo lokufumana iasethi esisiseko. Kukwakhona ukuba umthengi uya kuvala indawo yakhe kwintengiso ngaphambi kokuphelelwa, oko kukuthi, athengise ikamva ngaphambi kokuphelelwa kwayo kwaye ngaloo ndlela azikhulule kwisibophelelo.
• Indawo emfutshane: lo ngulowo wamkelwe ngumthengisi wexesha elizayo, oko kukuthi, nguye ovumayo ukuhambisa iasethi esezantsi ekukhuleni ngexabiso elimiselweyo okanye ekuvunyelwene ngalo kwisivumelwano. Njengakwimeko yangaphambili, ungasisa neso sikhundla ngaphambi kokuphela kwaso.

Iziqinisekiso

Iziqinisekiso ziyimveliso enokuxoxwa kunye neyongeziweyo ilungelo lokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa i-asethi ethile ngexabiso elimiselweyo kunye nexesha elithile. Umamkeli wemvume uya kuba nelungelo, kodwa hayi uxanduva, lokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa isiseko ngomhla wokuphelelwa.

Nokuba ngaba ukusebenzisa okanye hayi ukusebenzisa ilungelo kuya kuchatshazelwa lixabiso ngelo xesha le-asethi esezantsi kunye nexabiso lomsebenzi.

• Iincwadi zokuthengaumnini wesivumelwano uza kuthenga iasethi esezantsi ngexabiso elibekiweyo kulowo msebenzi. Kwimeko apho ixabiso liphezulu kunelo lonyaka, liya kuhlawulwa ngekhredithi kumnini ngomphumo umahluko phakathi kwamaxabiso amabini.
• Ukuthengisa iimvumeumnini welungelo uya kuyithengisa iasethi esezantsi ngexabiso lomsebenzi. Kwimeko apho ixabiso liphantsi, isivumelwano siya kulungiswa ngokuhlawula umahluko phakathi kwala maxabiso mabini.

Kuxhomekeka ekusebenziseni ikhontrakthi okanye isivumelwano, iimvume zinokuba zezohlobo lwaseMelika (inokwenziwa kubomi bonke bemvume de iphelelwe) okanye yohlobo lwaseYurophu (inokusetyenziswa kuphela ekuphelelweni okanye ekuphelelweni).

Izinketho

Izinketho zibandakanya ikhontrakthi okanye isivumelwano, apho umthengi efumana ilungelo kunye nomthengisi isibophelelo, semali ethile kwi-asethi engaphantsi kwexesha okanye ukukhula okuchazwe kwangaphambili.

Ipremiyamu lixabiso okanye ikhomishini anayo umthengi yokufumana ilungelo lokuthenga ngeempawu ekuvunyelwene ngazo. Nje ukuba ixesha lokuphela okanye lokuphumeza lifikile, bobabini banokuxabisa ukhetho kwaye balusebenzise okanye hayi kuxhomekeke kwixabiso ekuvunyelwene ngalo kunye nexabiso lentengiso lwangoku.

Kuxhomekeka kumzuzu apho ukhetho lunokusetyenziswa khona, sineentlobo ezimbini, ukhetho lwaseYurophu (lunokwenziwa kuphela ekuphelelweni kukhetho) kunye nenketho yaseMelika (inokusetyenziswa nangaliphi na ixesha kude kube lixesha ukhetho).

Izinketho ezibini

Ukuba awukayazi Zeziphi iindlela zokubini Nika ingqalelo kwezi zinto zilandelayo. Izabelo zeBhinary luhlobo lwezinto ezivela kwimali eziye zaziwa kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo ngenxa yokukhululeka okukhulu okubandakanyekileyo ekuthengiseni (zikwabandakanya umngcipheko omkhulu).

Izitokhwe zebinary zibonakaliswa kuba zinjalo uhlobo lotyalo-mali olusekwe kuyo yonke into okanye akukhoOko kukuthi, ukuba umrhwebi ubetha uqikelelo alwenzileyo, baya kuthatha ipesenti yotyalo-mali kodwa kwimeko apho ukubikezela kungalunganga, akukho nto ithathiweyo.

Le misebenzi inokwenziwa kulo naliphi na icala lorhwebo, oko kukuthi, thenga ("Biza") okanye uthengise ("BEKA"). Nje ukuba ii-asethi kunye nolwalathiso lomsebenzi lukhethwe, ixesha lokuphelelwa kukhetho kufuneka likhethwe (uninzi lwabarhwebi luvumela ukusebenza kwemizuzwana engama-60, imizuzu emi-5, njl.).

Ukutshintsha

Ukutshintshiselana kubandakanya ikhontrakthi yezemali phakathi kwamaqela amabini apho bayavuma ukutshintshiselana nokuhamba kwemali kwifomula ethile kunye neenkcazo. Le modali yenzelwe ngokukodwa okanye iikhontrakthi ezithile ukwanelisa iimfuno ezithile kunye nobunzima.

Izivumelwano zotshintsho okanye iikhontrakthi zineenkcukacha kwiimali, inzala esebenzayo kunye nomhla wotshintshiselwano okanye wokuphelelwa komsebenzi, kunye nefomula kunye neenkcazo zobugcisa ekuvunyelwene ngazo kwisivumelwano.

Iindidi ze Olona tshintsho luqhelekileyo lukwizinga lenzala kunye nenqanaba lotshintshiselwano lweemali, ke le mveliso yezemali yimveliso entsonkothileyo kwaye ayizilungelanga zonke iindidi zabatyali mali, kuba ithwala umngcipheko omkhulu kunye nokuvezwa. iimarike zemali.

Izivumelwano zomahluko okanye iiCFD's

Izivumelwano zomahluko okanye ii-CFDs (Izivumelwano zomahluko) zizivumelwano apho umtyali-mali kunye neziko lezemali bevuma ukutshintshiselana umahluko phakathi kwentengiso kunye nexabiso lokuthenga leasethi ethile, umzekelo, izabelo, ii-indices.isitokhwe, izinto ezingavuthiyo kunye nenzala iirhafu, phakathi kwabanye.

Njengoko ezi ziyimveliso ezingachazwanga okanye iimodeli, abatyali mali kufuneka baqwalasele zonke izinto kunye nemingcipheko abanokuthi bayibonise ngeasethi nganye kunye nentengiselwano ethile. Esi siphumo sezemali sisebenzisa isibonelelo, ke kufuneka siqwalasele umngcipheko okhoyo, kuba unokubangela ilahleko enkulu kunemali ebekiweyo kumrhwebi.