Isigqibo esenziwe yi-European Central Bank (i-ECB) sokulibazisa ukunyuka kwexabiso lenzala kwindawo ye-euro kubonakalise ukwahluka kwixabiso lokhuseleko kwicandelo lebhanki nakwinkampani zombane. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba baphawule Umahluko ongaphezulu kwe-10% kulungelelwaniso lwamaxabiso abo kwaye oko kunokwenza ukuba utyalomali lube nenzuzo okanye hayi ngamaxesha athile. Ngale ndlela, inokukuxelela ukuba amaxabiso ezi ntengiso zestokhwe ahluke ngokupheleleyo kwaye indlela yokuziphatha kwayo kufuneka ihlalutywe ukwenza naluphi na uhlobo lomsebenzi kwiimarike zezabelo.
Nje ukuba ngumongameli we-European Central Bank, Mario Draghi, wabonisa ukuba akukho lutshintsho kumgaqo-nkqubo wezemali we-European Union, iimpendulo zala macandelo zahluke ngokupheleleyo. Ngelixa iibhanki ezidweliswe kwimarike yemasheya zehle phakathi kwe-4% kunye ne-7%, iinkampani zombane zixabise malunga neepesenti ezimbini. Akumangalisi ukuba babebaninzi abatyali mali abathe batshintsha isicwangciso kwipotifoliyo yotyalo mali. Njengoko bekuyiminyaka emininzi, ibingatyhilwanga kwiimarike zokulingana zikazwelonke.
Kule meko ngokubanzi, esinye sezizathu zokuchaza ezi ntshukumo kwiimarike zezemali kukuba amaxabiso kwicandelo lombane asebenze amaxabiso okusabela ejongene nale meko intsha yemali. Ukuba licandelo elithathwa njengenye yezona zinqabileyo kuzo zonke. Apho kuqheleke kakhulu ukuba ngaphambi kokuwa kwintengiso yemasheya indices izabelo zayo zixabisa kakhulu. Kungenxa yokuba bavelisa ukuzola okukhulu phakathi kwabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi ngenxa yeempawu ezizodwa zezi nkampani zidwelisiweyo.
Icandelo leebhanki: lingenanzuzo kangako
Ukuwa kweemarike zebhanki kwisithuba seveki ephelileyo bekubangelwa kukuba kwimeko yemeko zehlabathi ezinenzala ephantsi kakhulu njengangoku, inzuzo yabo iyehla. Oko kukuthi, abanakho ukuphucula iinzuzo zabo zeshishini kuba befumana imali encinci ngokufumana ikhontrakthi kuwo nawuphi na umgca wekhredithi: eyomntu, yokusetyenziswa kunye nemali mboleko. Izibonelelo zayo zihlupheka ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi lemali. Ngale ndlela, ayinakulityalwa ukuba ngeli xesha iqondo lenzala kwindawo ye-euro yi-0%Oko kukuthi ngaphandle kwexabiso.
Njengomphumo wale meko, ukunyuka kwenqanaba yi-European Central Bank kuya kuthetha ukuba amaziko emali anakho phucula ulwalamano lwakho kwaye ke yandisa izibonelelo zakho zonyaka. Ewe, le yinto engakhange ifezekiswe ngenxa yobuthathaka boqoqosho kwilizwekazi elidala, njengoko kuchaziwe yintloko ye-ECB, u-Italiya u-Mario Draghi. Izakulinda, okwangoku, kunyaka olandelayo ukuba iintshukumo zokuqala kwimarike yemali ziveliswe. Ngokulibaziseka kwinto ebekucingelwa iinyanga ezininzi kwaye oku kuye kwachaphazela kakubi iibhanki.
Iinkampani zombane zaxhamla
Isiphumo sokuqala esiye sabakho emva kwamazwi kamongameli we-European Central Bank kukuba indawo elungileyo yenkunzi ebibekwe kumaqela ezemali Uye wathunyelwa kwiinkampani zamandla. Ngobungqongqo ebengakhange ibhaqwe iminyaka emininzi kwaye ibonakalisiwe ngevolumu ephezulu yothethathethwano kwaye inika ukuthembeka okukhulu kutshintsho kwiipotfoliyo zotyalo mali. Ngoku iya kuhlala ibonwa ukuba le ntshukumo ikwixesha elifutshane kuphela okanye ngokuchaseneyo iyaqhubeka kwixesha layo lokusisigxina. Ngayiphi na imeko, lixesha elifanelekileyo lokwahluka kwezicwangciso zotyalo-mali kuba akukho mathandabuzo ukuba imali eninzi isengozini kwezi seshoni zokurhweba.
Iinkampani zombane zibonakaliswa ngokusisiseko ngabo ukungazinzi okuncinci. Oko kukuthi, bonisa umahluko phakathi kwamaxabiso abo aphezulu kunye neyona nto iphantsi ebetha kakhulu. Ngokwahluka okunokwahluka phakathi kwe-2% kunye ne-3%, eyenza la maxabiso alungele ezona portfoliyo zilondolozayo okanye zizikhuselayo kwixesha elifutshane, eliphakathi nelide. Apho kukho iimali ezininzi ezijikeleza izikhundla zazo ebusweni bale meko intsha ivelisiweyo emva kwesigqibo seBhanki eNkulu yaseYurophu. Kwinxalenye elungileyo yabahlalutyi kwiimarike ze-equity ngokungalindelekanga.
Tshintsha ipotifoliyo yotyalo mali
Kukho amacebo aliqela anokuthi abatyali mali abancinci naphakathi bawamkele xa bejamelene noku imeko entsha kumazinga enzala. Ngamanye amagama, bahlala kwi-0%, njengoko bekunjalo ukusukela ngo-2013 ukuzama ukuvuselela uqoqosho kumazwe ezwekazi elidala. Ngale ndlela, inyathelo lokuqala ekufuneka bathathe abatyali zimali kukuba bathathe inxenye yotyalo-mali ukusuka kwizikhundla ezivulekileyo kumaziko emali ukuya kwiinkampani zombane. Zombini kwezo zinto zibhekisa ekuthengweni nasekuthengisweni kwezabelo kwiimarike zezabelo nakwezo mali zotyalo-mali okanye nakolu luhlu.
Esi sicwangciso sinokwenziwa ngomsindo okanye siqhutywe ngokumodareyitha ngokuxhomekeke kwiprofayili yabatyalomali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ukusuka kwimeko yesiqhelo, ungalinda ubone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kula macandelo esitokhwe kule veki ukuya yenza isigqibo sokugqibela ekubunjweni kwiphothifoliyo elandelayo yezokhuseleko. Ngaphaya kokunye ukuqwalaselwa kobuchwephesha kwaye mhlawumbi nakwindawo yokujonga izinto ezisisiseko. Ngeyona njongo yokungenzi mpazamo kwisicwangciso esiza kwenziwa ngabatyali mali ukusukela ngoku.
Ukulinganiswa kombane kwiindawo eziphakamileyo
Eyona ngxaki inkulu ekuphumezeni esi sicwangciso sotyalo-mali silele kwinto yokuba Ixabiso kwiinkampani zombane liphezulu kakhulu kunye nomngcipheko wokufumana izilungiso ezinzulu kwiinyanga ezizayo. Ngale ndlela, ayinakulityalwa ukuba uninzi lwezi nkampani zikwimeko yamaxesha onke. Njengasekuphakameni okukhululekileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba abasenakho ukumelana nokubaluleka okuthile ngaphambili. Kodwa nangaliphi na ixesha, imeko inokutshintsha njengoko kungekho nto inyukayo okanye yehla ngonaphakade kwiimarike ze-equity, njengoko abatyali-mali abanamava ngakumbi ekusebenzeni ukwenza ukonga kwabo kunenzuzo bazi kakuhle.
Kwelinye icala, inkqubo esebenzayo yokwenza ukonga ngokunenzuzo ukusukela ngoku ukuya phambili nokukhetha amaxabiso ecandelo lombane kwinxalenye yokuqala yalo nyaka. Kwakhona, nge isivuno esikhulu sesahlulo, phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-7% ngentlawulo esisigxina kunye neqinisekileyo ngonyaka. Enye yezona ntengiso zibalulekileyo kurhwebo lwelizwe ngoku. Kodwa kwixesha eliphakathi nelide oku kunokuba lutyalo-mali olunenzuzo oluncinci kunolo lusekwe kwiibhanki. Akumangalisi ukuba ukuxabiseka kwayo kungabi phezulu kangako.
Iphothifoliyo kwikota yesibini
Kuyakuba sisiqingatha sesibini salo nyaka apho kuya kufuneka sijonge emva kwiibhanki. Okanye ubuncinci xa kukho imiqondiso malunga ukunyuka kwexabiso lenzala yiBhanki eNkulu yaseYurophu. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, kuba ngaphandle kwayo yonke into, banokubakho kuhlaziyo oluphezulu kakhulu. Kwezinye izindululo zentengiso yesitokhwe, nangaphezulu kwama-30% ngenxa yokwehla koqwalaselo lwamaxabiso abo athe enzeka kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinambini ezidlulileyo. Ukusuka kolu luvo, ukutyala imali kwicandelo lebhanki kunokuba ngumsebenzi onenzuzo kakhulu ukuba iintshukumo zijolise kwixesha elide.
Ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, xa i-ECB ibhengeza ukunyuka kwexabiso lemali, akukho mathandabuzo okuba iibhanki ziya kunyuka ngamandla amakhulu nangamandla. Okubaluleke kangako kukuba kuyakufuneka sizilungiselele xa konke oku kusenzeka kwaye kuya kwenzeka ngokubonakalayo embindini wonyaka olandelayo, njengoko umongameli we-European Central Bank, u-Mario Draghi, ebonakalisile kwingxelo yakhe. Ngoku umbuzo uza kuba Lulungele olu tshintsho lukhulu kumkhwa kumgaqo wemali yoluntu. Ukuze abatyali mali bangafumani iinyawo zabo zitshintshile, njengoko kwenzekile kwizihlandlo ezininzi.
Ngayiphi na imeko, nasemva kokwenza olu hlalutyo, umahluko okhoyo phakathi kwexabiso lamacandelo ebhanki nawombane ucacile. Uninzi lwabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi banokukholelwa. Kwaye umahluko onokwenza ii-euro ezininzi kwingxelo yengeniso eyenziwe emva kokuhamba kwiimarike ze-equity. Apho kungayi kubakho khetho ngaphandle kokuba kwicandelo elifanelekileyo ngexesha elililo, elisemva komnqweno wenxalenye enkulu yabasebenzisi beemarike zentengiso. Ukuze ngale ndlela uqhubeke nokukhulisa ibhalansi yeakhawunti yakho yokonga ukusuka kula maxesha achanekileyo. Uninzi lwabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi banokukholelwa.