Umda phakathi konikezelo kunye nemfuno uqine kakhulu ukusukela ngo-1996. Nkqu nango-1996, 1997, 2000 no-2001, ubonelelo belungonelanga kwaye intsilelo iye yenziwa koovimba. Ekuqaleni 80, ukanti igolide yahlawulwa nge-850 yeedola zaseMelika. Ixabiso liye lawa kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini izayo ukufikelela kumanqanaba eedola ezingama-1999 ngeyuniyoni enye ngo-250, kwaye oku kuye kwenza ukuba iinkampani zemigodi ziphonononge ngakumbi.
Ukusuka kwindawo yokubonelela, ngo-2018, imveliso yehle nge-4%, ukwehla okukhulu kule minyaka ingama-65 idlulileyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ulindelo lwe-2020 lubona kwangaphambili ukuba imveliso yegolide iya kuncitshiswa ngama-30% kwaye iya kuba yinto ebeka uxinzelelo kumaxabiso. Kubalulekile ukuba uyazi ukuba sisibonelelo se-inelastic. Kuthatha phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 nesi-7 ukukhupha igolide wakuba umgodi ubekwe ngokwejografi.
Ngayiphi na imeko, igolide yenye yeendlela ezizezinye ze khangela indawo yokuhlala xa ujongene nemeko yokungazinzi kwiimarike zezabelo. Ngemida yokulamla enokuba ngamanani amabini. Ngotyalo-mali olunokwahlukahluka kuba linokubhaliswa ngemali yotyalo-mali, ubucwebe, i-bullion kunye neengqekembe zentsimbi exabisekileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iiasethi zemali ezimileyo kunikezelo olwenziwe kutyalo-mali lwakho.
Igolide: indima yeeBhanki eziMbindi
Enye yezinto zesiko eziye zavelisa ukuwa okuqinileyo kwixabiso legolide ibe ziiBhanki eziMbindi. Isizathu soku kuziphatha sichazwa ngamazinga aphezulu wenzala ababehlala nayo. Kuba ukubakho kwegolide kukodwa akuvelisi naluphi na uhlobo lwembuyekezo, iiBhanki eziziiCentral ngexesha lomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali othintelayo into abayenzileyo yayikukuthengisa okanye ukuboleka igolide kutshintshiselwano netyala lamanye amazwe. Iqondo lenzala eliphezulu lenze ukuba iindleko zegolide zifumaneke koovimba ngokugqithileyo kwaye ke iiBhanki zazithanda ukonyusa ubonelelo kunye nokuzalisa imarike ngegolide.
Imeko yanamhlanje ichasene ngokugqibeleleyo. Amaqondo wenzala asezantsi kakhulu kananjalo amathemba okonyuka okunamandla. Ngenxa yoko, indleko zamathuba ziye zancitshiswa kakhulu kwaye ukuba sidibanisa iindleko zokuqhuba ukuthengiselana ngetyala kunye nomngcipheko onokubakho wotyalo-mali lwexesha elide kunye negophe elipheleleyo lesivuno, ezi zizizathu ezaneleyo zokuqalisa ukucinga ukuba uMbindi Iibhanki ziya kunciphisa ukuthengiswa kwazo kwegolide kuye kuthi ga ngoku kwaye kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba banokuba ngabathengi be-net ngenxa yezinto ezinje ngokukhusela ngokuchasene nexabiso lentengo esiza kuchaza kamva.
Ukuthengwa kobuninzi yiChina
I-China iyaqhubeka nokuthenga kakhulu ityala laseMelika kwaye uqoqosho lwaseMntla Melika luza kuqhubeka ukuveza uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Uqikelelo lokuqala (olungenaxabiso kunoko lukuko, uqikelelo nje) lubonisa ukuba ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwezaqhwithi kungabiza kakhulu kunemfazwe yase-Iraq uqobo eyenzeka kumashumi eminyaka adlulileyo. Enye yeendlela ezimbalwa ezinikezelweyo njengomthombo wokwahluka kubaphathi bezemali baseTshayina yigolide.
Okwangoku, iibhanki zingabanini beepesenti ezingama-20 zesitokhwe segolide esaziwayo. Yivolumu ebaluleke kakhulu leyo, kwimeko yokuqala buyisela inxenye yegolide ebolekiweyo, unokugxininisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ounce ngamandla. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, lixesha apho izikhundla zinokuqaliswa kule asethi yemali ngenjongo yokwenza ulondolozo lube nenzuzo kwixesha eliphakathi nelide. Kwintsebenzo ngokuqinisekileyo engenabungozi ngenxa yeempawu zolu tshalo-mali olukhethekileyo njengentsimbi etyheli okwangoku.
Izinto eziyimfuneko
I-Indiya iyaqhubeka ukubonisa enkulu ukuqina kwimfuno yakho. Amacandelo emveli (ubucwebe kunye nonyango lwamazinyo) adityaniswe yimfuno yegolide ngenxa yotyalo-mali lweenkampani zemigodi ngokwazo. Ezi zinto bezithengisa imveliso yazo ngaphambi kokuyikhupha ziye Phambili. Bathengise igolide kwixa elizayo kuba:
- Ezinye iinkampani Baqikelela emva kweminyaka yokuwa okunqabileyo kwigolide kwi-80's nakwi-90's ngokulindelweyo kwiimarike zebhere.
- Ezinye iinkampani zixhomekeke kwi- imarike yekamva khon'ukuze ube nakho ukulungisa ("ukutshixa") inqanaba lamaxabiso ngaphambi kokuxhatshazwa komgodi kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Zuza kwi ithuba liyabiza Yokuba nemali oyiprayimari kwiibhalansi zakho zamazinga enzala aphezulu.
- Icandelo le ubucwebe kunye nonyango lwamazinyo iye yahlala inelastic. Amanqanaba emveliso ayo awachatshazelwa ngumahluko kwixabiso leyunce.
- Xa zijamelene nokunyuka kwegolide, iinkampani kufuneka uthenge inxenye yentengiso (buy-backs). Le yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokuqhuba kwixabiso leerandi ukuya kuthi ga kumawaka angama-460 ngeewisi ngoku esikulo ngoku.
- iTshayina ikwabona nemfuno yokunyuka kwegolide ngenxa yokugunyazisa ukubanakho kokuthenga igolide kutyalo-mali kunye neenjongo zokuthelekelela.
Enye into ebalulekileyo liBhunga leGolide leHlabathi. I-WGC ivumile ukuba nge-London Stock Exchange eLondon nase-US (kwaye kufundelwa i-Australian Stock Exchange) kunokwenzeka ukuba utyale igolide ngokuthe ngqo hayi kwiinkampani zemigodi yegolide. Umtyalomali waseSpain unethuba lokuthatha inxaxheba kule marike ngeziqinisekiso ze-SG.
Izinto ezikhuselekileyo zeasethi
Asifumani nto ngokukhumbula ukuba igolide ayixhomekekanga kumandla emali okanye kumgangatho womnini. Yinto yexabiso ngaphandle kwamatyala, ilungele ukutyala imali kwiimeko apho kukho phezulu inqanaba lamatyala kunye nomngcipheko wamaqamza. Kukho imvumelwano malunga nobukho bendawo yokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba. Nangona eSpain siye sabona ukukhula kweemeteor kwezindlu, ayisiyonto iqhelekileyo. ILondon okanye i-US igcina amaxabiso aphindwe kabini. Iintsapho zaseMntla Melika zinamanqanaba angaphezulu kwe-80% kwaye igolide ngokucacileyo yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokubalekela kwimeko yokuqhambuka.
Enye into ebeka uxinzelelo kwiimarike kukonyuka kokusetyenziswa kweziphumo ezivela kukhuseleko olunxulumene nolunikezelwa kukuvela kwezixhobo zemali ezinje Ukutshintshwa kwemali emiselweyo. UWarrent Buffer ngokwakhe uthe: "Ngokokubona kwethu, izixhobo ezivela kwizixhobo zemali zokutshabalalisa abantu ezinobungozi, nangona kungenjalo ngokucacileyo, zinokubulala."
Ngamandla aphezulu
Oku kunyuka kokunyusa, kokubini ngenxa yokuvela kwecandelo lokuthengiswa kwezindlu kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziphumo, kunye nenyaniso yokuba nibe sezandleni zasemzini I-65% yetyala laseNyakatho Melika (50% ngokwembali) limema ukuba likhangele iimveliso ezingahambelaniyo, njengakwigolide. Nangona izikhundla kufuneka zihlale zithathwa phantsi kwesilumkiso esikhulu ngenxa yokungazinzi okunokubakho kule asethi ibalulekileyo yemali ukusukela ngoku. Apho kungekho zilungiso kumaxabiso abo zinokukhutshelwa ngaphandle ezinokuthi zisebenze ngokubheja nangakumbi kule ndawo ikhuselekileyo yexabiso ngokugqwesa.
Igolide ikhusela kakuhle kokubini ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okanye imeko yexabiso kwaye ichazwa njenge-asethi engahambelaniyo nokudaleka kwedola. Kubatyalomali abalindele ukwehla kwe-greenback kungumthombo onokubangela inzuzo. Enye into enomdla kukuba kubatyali mali kwi-Euro, ukuxabisa igolide kuye kwancinci kwaye kwahamba kuluhlu olusecaleni ngamanani aphezulu okuguquguquka ngenxa yeBrexit eyenzekileyo e-United Kingdom.
Ibango lemali zegolide
Kukho imiba eliqela ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuxabisa olu tyalomali kula maxabiso okomzuzwana. Kwaye phakathi kwezi zinto zilandelayo siziveza apha ngezantsi ukuba zihlolwe ngabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi, ngenjongo yokwenza imisebenzi yabo ibe yinzuzo:
Ukuxabiswa kwezezimali zeli ukuvelisa amazwe ngokubhekisele kwidola; amazwe afana noMzantsi Afrika, i-Australia kunye ne-Canada babeneendleko zabo kwimali yalapha, benengeniso ngeedola.
Iziganeko ezithile ezinkulu abadlali Umzi mveliso, ofana nokuthathwa ngenzondo kukaGoldfield eHarmony's, kwafunyanwa ngendlela engeyiyo yimarike. Oku kuchaza ukuba kungenzeka kwiinyanga ezizayo banokuba ngaxeshanye ukunyuka okungcolileyo ngexabiso lokuxabiseka kweemali eziphambili (nangona emva kokunyuka kwangoko kwi-ounce lo mahluko uyavala).
Uqingqo-maxabiso olukhethekileyo olwenziwe sisinyithi esimthubi ngabatyali zimali abambalwa ngokuthelekiswa nolunye udidi lwezinto ezinokukhethwa eziqhelekileyo, ezinjengokuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwezabelo kwimarike yemasheya okanye iimali zotyalo-mali ngokwazo. Kwimeko entsha apho iifomula zotyalo-mali zivela unyaka nonyaka, ezinye zazo ngokucacileyo zinobuchule. Ukuze iimveliso ezinokuthi zongezwe ngalo ngeli xesha ziphakanyiswe. Nangona abanye benomngcipheko ocacileyo kwizikhundla zabo.