Ezi mali zivumela abathengi ukuba basebenzise ithuba lokukhula okwangoku okunikezelwa ziimarike zesitokhwe, ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni iiasethi zabo. Ukwazi ukufumana iimeko ezininzi kuvavanyo kukhetho olubanzi lweemveliso ezisekwe kuyo nayiphi na intengiso yemasheya, kokubini kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe kwaye, apho ezo zisakhasayo zivelele ubutsha bazo. Olu lolunye ukhetho onalo esandleni lokutyala imali oyigcinileyo kwiimarike zezabelo.
Kuzo naziphi na iimeko, ezinye iindlela zokukhetha ingxowa-mali yezi mpawu zibanzi kakhulu, ukusuka kwezo zisekwe kwiimarike ezisakhasayo ukuya kwezo zisekela utyalomali lwabo kwezona ntengiso zixabisekileyo zamanye amazwe umzuzu ngamnye UMntla Merika, iYurophu okanye iJapan, Ngokudlulayo ngokwengqiqo ezo zesizwe. Akukho mida malunga nemvelaphi yayo kuba iinkampani zolawulo zenze uluhlu olubanzi lweemodeli ezinempawu. Nditsho neyona ndawo yoqobo onokuyicinga, njengeebhegi zaseAfrika.
Bangabhaliswa ukusuka kwi-euro ezingama-500, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo yile-ngokungafaniyo notyalo-mali ngokuthe ngqo kwimarike yemasheya- banesiphelo esincinci esisisigxina sokunyuswa esinokunyuswa ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emi-3 okanye esi-8, noludidi lotyalo-mali olujolise kwixesha eliphakathi nelide. Yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokutyala imali kwezi asethi zemali ngaphandle kokuya ngqo kwimarike yemasheya. Ngemveliso yezemali enokudityaniswa nolunye uthotho lweeasethi eziyimali zohlobo olwahlukileyo kunye nemeko.
Iimali zotyalo-mali kwimarike yemasheya: inomdla
Elinye lamagalelo aphambili kwingxowa-mali yotyalo-mali kwimarike yemasheya kukuba awunakukhathazeka malunga nokubeka esweni kwabo ngexesha kuba ingeyiyo imisebenzi yokuqikelela. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, bafuna iimeko eziphezulu zesisigxina, phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemihlanu malunga. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba ungazirhoxisa nangaliphi na ixesha ngaphandle kokufaka Naluphi na uhlobo lweekhomishini okanye izohlwayo, njengoko kusenzeka kwezinye iintlobo zeemveliso zemali. Ngale ndlela, kunokuthiwa sijamelene nemveliso yotyalo-mali eguqukayo okanye imodeli kunezinye.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, olu didi lweemali zotyalo-mali luphawulwa ngaphezulu kwako konke kuba abayityali imali yakho kwixabiso layo kuphela okanye kwisalathiso sesitokhwe. Ukuba akunjalo ngebhasikithi yezi asethi zemali kwaye oko kukunceda ngcono ukukhusela kunye nokugcina imali oyityalileyo ukusuka ekuqaleni. Kwakhona, awungekhe ulibale ukuba eyakhe indlela yokuziphatha engcono Kuyiminyaka eliqela, kwaye ke ayiyilungelanga imisebenzi emifutshane. Hayi kangako. Ifuna ukuba utyalomali luzinziswe iinyanga ezininzi ukuze inzuzo yayo ibe yinto efunwa ngabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi.
Inqanaba elifanelekileyo lokuhlawula amatyala
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zokutyala imali kwiingxowa-mali ezihlangeneyo kukungabinamali, kuba nangona uninzi lwazo lunexesha elisisigxina lokusingqongileyo, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba nabani na oqeshayo angabinayo imali yokutyala imali kwangoko, macala onke 24 kunye neeyure ezingama-72 zokugqibela, njengoko kuchaziwe ngumthetho kwaye, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwexesha. Baye bahlukaniswa ngokwahluka kwabo, kuba igalelo elenziwe ngumthengi longezwa kwabo babanye abatyali mali abanombono ofanayo nabachaphazela ukwenziwa kweengqukuva ezinkulu ezinefuthe ekuphuculeni ukwahluka kotyalo mali.
Enye into ekufuneka ihlolwe kukhuseleko kuba amaziko olawulo lwengxowa-mali abekwe esweni yimibutho eqinisekisa ukusebenza kwawo ngokufanelekileyo. Kwaye okokugqibela, ulawulo lobungcali lwamacandelo olawulo lwengxowa-mali ebavumela ukuba benze ulawulo lobungcali, ukuyila iimveliso zomzuzu ngamnye kunye nokumiselwe iprofayili nganye yotyalo-mali, kuthintelwe umtyali-mali inkqubo yokhetho. Ngale ndlela, kunokuthiwa imali yotyalo-mali esekwe kwimarike yemasheya iyimveliso ekhuselekileyo kwaye ayinakukunika uthotho lwezinto ezothusayo ezongezelelekileyo ngexesha lokusisigxina kwimveliso.
Ukungancedi kwezi mali
Ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, ikwajonga noluhlu lwezinto ezingeloncedo ekufuneka uzazi ukusukela ngoku. Enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu yile inento yokwenza nenzuzo yeemarike zezemali. Ngamanye amagama, ayibandakanyi yonke indawo yenzuzo enokuveliswa ngqo kwiimarike ze-equity. Ukusuka kule ndawo yokujonga, inzala yakho iya kuba sezantsi ngaphezu kokuthengwa kunye nokuthengiswa kwezabelo kwi-stock exchange. Njengakwicala elichaseneyo, oko kukuthi, ilahleko ayizukuchazwa njengokuvela kolunye ukhetho. Ukuba yenye yeempawu ezibonakalayo kolu hlobo lotyalo-mali.
Enye yemiba efanelekileyo, kwimeko engeyiyo, yile ibhekisa kuyo iikhomishini zinokuba zibanzi ngakumbi kunokutyala imali kwimarike yemasheya. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu kuba akukho khomishini inye, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo kukho ezininzi kwaye phakathi kwazo ezo zolawulo kunye nediphozithi zigqamile, ezingadluli kwi-3% kwaye kwezi meko kunyanzelekile. Kwelinye icala, kukho ezinye iirhafu ezinokuzikhethela kwaye ezinokwenza imveliso ibize kakhulu phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-3%, nangona zihlala zivela kwingxowa-mali esekwe kwisitokhwe ngabaphathi bamanye amazwe. Ukuba yenye yeempawu zodidi lotyalo mali.
Badibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zemali
Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zezi ngxowa-mali zotyalo-mali isekwe kwinto yokuba ibonelela ngeeasethi zemali ezininzi ezineempawu ezifanayo. Ngokwahluka kutyalo-mali kwaye lelinye lamanqaku ekubhekiswa kuwo ukuze uyiqonde ngcono ukusukela ngoku. Njengeyakho ukusebenza okungcono kwezona meko zintle kakhulu zentengiso yezabelo. Apho inzuzo yokwenyani kufuneka ibhekiswe kwiminyaka eliqela ezayo, kwaye le yinto edla ngokulahlekisa icandelo elihle labanini bezi mveliso zezezimali, kuba ukubalwa kwayo kokwenyani kunzima ngakumbi kwinqanaba lesigxina lolu didi lotyalo mali. .
Kwelinye icala, enye yezinto ezingalunganga yile inento yokwenza nezihlandlo ezithile bathathe izikhundla kwiiasethi zemali ezaziwa kakhulu ngabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ukusuka kule ndlela kutyalo-mali lwesitokhwe, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ngeli xesha ezi mali zinokuqwalaselwa njenge ukhetho olulondolozayo ehlengahlengiswe kuzo zonke iinkangeleko zomsebenzisi. Ngaphandle kokubonelela ngeemeko ezizodwa kwinqanaba labo lokufunda. Njengenye into eyahlulahlula kwiimveliso zezemali ezinobundlobongela.
Ulwahlulo lotyalo-mali
Enye yeziphumo eziveliswe lolu didi lweemali zotyalo-mali kukuba zahlulahlula umsebenzi kwiimarike zezabelo. Kuba, kunyanzelekile ukuba ukhethe ukonga ngaphezulu kolunye uthotho lwezinto eziqwalaselweyo. Apho kuyaphawuleka ukuba oku kwahlukahluka kuvelisa kukuba ungalahli mali kwi-asethi enye yemali. Esi sisicwangciso sotyalo-mali esithandeka ngakumbi kwiimeko ezingathandekiyo kwiimarike zezabelo. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu kuba ziya kukunceda ufezekise iinjongo ezilandelwa ngabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi.
Kule meko ngokubanzi, akukho nto ibhetele kunokusasaza imali yakho kwizitokhwe ezahlukeneyo, kumacandelo okanye kwii-indices zothengiso lwesitokhwe kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuza kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yejografi, ukusuka kwesona siko liqhelekileyo okanye esiqhelekileyo ukuya kwezinye iimarike ezinokuba ngumphambukeli kuwe ukusukela ngoku. Kuba ekupheleni kosuku imalunga nokuba ayisiyiyo yonke imali ebekwe endaweni enye. Ayothusi into yokuba le yenye yeempawu eziphambili zotyalo mali ezibonisa olu phawu lubalulekileyo. Zombini kwiimarike zesizwe nangaphandle kwemida yethu. Nantsi imfihlo yesi sicwangciso sotyalo-mali.
Ngelixa okokugqibela, kuya kufuneka ukhethe kuphela imodeli yengxowa-mali elungele iprofayili yakho njengomtyali mali omncinci nophakathi. Ukusukela ngala mzuzu uye phambili, zama ukwenza ukuba imali oyityalileyo ibe nenzuzo ngesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko esiphezulu kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka ngembuyekezo ebaluleke ngaphezu kogcino. Ngale ndlela, kunokuthiwa ngaphandle koloyiko lokungachaneki ukuba ezi mveliso zezezimali zezi zihlandlo eziqinisekileyo kwiimarike ze-equity, kodwa ukuba nangasiphi na isizathu awufuni ukuthatha umngcipheko, awuzukukhetha kodwa ukudibanisa nezinye iiasethi ezivela kwingeniso emiselweyo. Kukuthini imali yotyalo-mali yohlobo lobuchwephesha kwaye yenye yeendlela onokuzisebenzisa ukusuka kumzuzu kunye nomngcipheko omncinci ekusebenzeni.