Iimali zotyalo-mali zibe sesinye sezixhobo ezikhethiweyo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye zinenzuzo enkulu, ukuba abo bagcina imali eSpain kufuneka benze imali abayigcinileyo. Kwaye apho kuya kufuneka ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo iikhomishini ezikhoyo ezi mveliso zezezimali. Kuba banokuba ngaphezulu kwesinye, kwaye Kulungile ukuba ubazi ngaphambi kokumisela ngokusemthethweni iikhontrakthi zabo. Kuyenzeka ukuba ube nokufezekisa ukonga okukhulu ukuba ukhetha eyona mali ifunekayo kwezi ntlawulo.
Njengoko iyimveliso eyenzelwe ukutyala imali, ethandwa kakhulu kwiintsapho zaseSpain, kuyakufuneka ukuhlalutya iindleko ezichaphazelekayo ekusebenzeni kwayo. Ngendlela bathathe indawo yemveliso yengeniso esisigxina (Iidipozithi zexesha, amanqaku ezithembiso zebhanki, iibhondi, njl.
Isiphumo sale milinganiselo yemali sibe nefuthe kwinani elandayo labasindisi abakhetha le modeli yotyalo-mali. Ngokwahluka kwayo okuninzi: ingeniso esisigxina, eyahlukileyo, exubileyo, kunye nenye imali. Kukho indawo ebanzi onokukhetha kuyo, egubungela phantse zonke iiasethi zemali ezikhoyo kwiimarike. Nangona mhlawumbi okwangoku eyona nto inomdla kuwe ziindleko ezivela ekuqeshweni kwabo. Ngokusisiseko ngokusebenzisa ezininzi iikhomishini eziveliswe zezi mveliso.
Baphethe iikhomishini ezininzi
Ngokungafaniyo notyalo-mali kwimarike yemasheya, kule mveliso akukho khomishini inye kodwa uninzi, kunye nohlobo olwahlukileyo, njengoko ubona kweli nqaku. Oko kuyakuxhomekeka kwingxowa mali oyikhethileyo ukwenza ipotifoliyo yakho. Ngokunjalo, iipesenti zabo azisayi kuhlala zifana, kunjalo, kodwa ziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwiinkampani zolawulo ezizenzayo, kwaye ngendlela ethile nakwimodeli yotyalo-mali. Ngokuqhelekileyo iikhomishini zeengxowa-mali zokulingana zibiza kakhulu kunezo zisekwe kwisigxina.
Umahluko ekusetyenzisweni kwawo ufikelela kwinqanaba lokuba wena ngokwakho uza kuba nakho ukwenza ngaphezulu kwesicwangciso esinye sokonga esijolise ekuqeshweni kweyona mali iphantsi. Ingcebiso eluncedo kakhulu kukuba, phakathi kweemali ezimbini zotyalo-mali ezineempawu ezifanayo, kuya kufuneka ukhethe ifomathi ebandakanya iikhomishini ezincinci kakhulu. Kutheni uhlawula ngaphezulu? Ngamava kuphela kolu didi lweemveliso zezemali eziya kukunceda ukuba uphuhlise umgaqo-nkqubo wokugcina iindleko ochanekileyo.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba kukho amaxabiso ahlukeneyo ekuqeshweni kwabo, abahlali besetyenziswa. Kufuneka uhlale uyikhumbula. Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka ufunde ngononophelo ikhontrakthi (okanye iincwadana zayo zolwazi) apho iikhomishini zibandakanyiwe, kunye nemali yazo, ziya kuchazwa ngokucacileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo Uluhlu oluphakathi kwe-0,40% kunye ne-2%, nangona iya kuxhomekeka kwimodeli nganye, nakwisicwangciso seenkampani zolawulo. Ngale ndlela, banenkululeko ethile yokusebenzisa iikhomishini zabo, okoko bengadluli kwimilinganiselo emiselweyo.
Zingaphi iikhomishini onokuzihlawula?
Ngokuqinisekileyo uyazibuza ngenani leekhomishini ezinokuthi zibambe ezi mveliso zokonga. Abayi kuba njengakwimisebenzi yemveli yesitokhwe, apho uya kuhlawuliswa kuphela ngokuthenga kunye nokuthengisa imisebenzi kwiimarike. Kwimali, kwelinye icala, umfanekiso unzima ngakumbi ngenxa yohlobo lwemveliso ekuthethwa ngayo.
Ezona khomishini ziphambili onokuzifumana kwezi modeli zezo ulawulo, idiphozithi, ukubuyiselwa imali, ukuhanjiswa okanye ukubhaliswa. Nangona kuya kufuneka ukuqhubeka nokugxininisa ukuba ayizizo zonke zihlala zisebenza. Kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba kuyiwe kwimeko ngetyala, ukuze usiqonde kakuhle isakhiwo sayo esimalunga neenkcitho. Kwaye ukuba kuyenzeka, zama ukufumana okona kulondolozwayo ixesha elininzi xa usiya kutyala imali oyigcinileyo kuyo nayiphi na imali yotyalo mali.
- Ikhomishini yoLawulo: iya kuba yinkcitho enyanzelekileyo, nokuba yeyiphi na imali oyibhalisayo, kwaye ziyinkcitho umphathi azakuhlawulisa ngayo ngokulawula izabelo ozifumene kutyalo-mali lwakho Isixa sayo sixhomekeke kwingxowa-mali ebhalisiweyo, kodwa ngepesenti ephezulu engenakudlula kwi-2%. Kwimali yesizwe, nangona kunjalo, inkcitho ihlala ingaphantsi kwe-1%.
- Imirhumo yedipozithi: yenye yeendlela zokubhatalwa ezibonakala rhoqo kwezi mveliso zezezimali, kodwa ngokungafaniyo nemodeli yangaphambili, ayisoloko ihanjiswa. Nangona kunjalo, imida yabo yokungenelela ihamba phantsi kweeparameter ezifanayo nakwikhomishini yangaphambili.
Iindleko ozikhethelayo
Ukusukela ngoku ezinye iintlobo zekhomishini ezingasoloko zivela, kunzima nokuba zibandakanywe kwigatya lesivumelwano. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, kuya kufuneka ubazi xa kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze ngokusesikweni ingxowa-mali ebandakanya ezi ndleko nanini na. Kwaye zezona zona zenza ikhontrakthi yezi mveliso zezezimali zibize kakhulu, kwaye phakathi kwazo ezi zinto zilandelayo zibonakala, ezinye zifuna ukwazi kakhulu.
Ngokusisiseko malunga umrhumo, ukuhlawulelwa okanye ukuhanjiswa kwemali. Kwaye zibandakanyiwe, kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yokuqesha. Azixhaphakanga kakhulu, kwaye kunqabile ukuba zigqithe kwi-1,50% yesithintelo. Nangona kunjalo, zezona zithathe isigqibo sokuba zichaphazele ukusikwa kwinzuzo evela kwimali. Ukongeza, kwiimali eziqhelekileyo: imali okanye ingeniso esisigxina, kunqabile ukuba zivele.
Njengento entsha kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ikhomishini entsha ivele kwiinkampani zolawulo njenge yempumelelo. Kwaye imali yakhe inokufikelela kwi-20%. Uyifunde ngokuchanekileyo ipesenti, kodwa ukuze uyiqonde kuya kufuneka unike ingqalelo kwindlela ekhula ngayo. Linqanaba eliya kuhlawuliswa kuphela ukuba utyalomali lwakho luphuhlisiwe kunye nembuyekezo eyomeleleyo. Ukuba oku akunjalo, ungakhathazeki, kuba abayi kukubiza mali, kwaye indleko zayo ziya kulingana no-zero.
Esi sesona sicwangciso sikhethekileyo sokuthengisa ukuzithemba kubatyali mali abancinci, emva kokungqubeka kwemali ezithile kunyaka ophelileyo, apho izabelo zabo zehle nge-10%. Ngokumiliselwa kwale nkqubo yemivuzo zama ukwenza ukhuseleko olukhulu phakathi kwabathengi, kwaye ubameme ukuba babhalise izabelo zabo.
Ungazihlela njani iindleko?
Kukho enye into ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo ukwenza le nkqubo ichanekileyo yokuqesha, kwaye oya kuthi ungazi rhoqo ngesixhobo sayo. Okokuqala, ulawulo (kunye nediphozithi) iifizi, ababizwa mali njengokuba unokukholwa. Ewe akunjalo, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, banesaphulelo ngokuthe ngqo kwizicatshulwa zabo. Yiza, ngamanye amagama, azizukuchaphazela ibhalansi yeakhawunti yakho, okanye ukuvela kwengxowa mali.
Abanye, ngokuchaseneyo, zisetyenziswa kwiiasethi ezifunyenweyo, kwaye ibonisa inkcitho enzima ngakumbi ukuyigcina. Kwaye zimelwe ngokubanzi ziikomishini ezikhethiweyo. Kuphela kuxa uza kuyalela imisebenzi yakho kwixesha elide, malunga neminyaka emi-5 ngokomndilili, apho le misebenzi inokuba yinzuzo.
Enye into ekufuneka uyiqwalasele kuxa usayina i Ingxowa-mali yotyalo-mali ngemali engeyiyo i-euro. Kwaye kule meko icamngca ikhomishini yotshintshiselwano lwemali. Ezi ntshukumo kufuneka zenziwe kuphela xa uqinisekile ukuba yeyona mveliso ifanelekileyo yokwenza ukonga kwakho ubomi kube yinzuzo.
Ukuba kwelinye icala ufuna ukwandisa ukusebenza ngokugcina kakhulu ngelixa ugcina inkcitho, kukho iindlela ezithile eziza kunceda ukufezekisa iinjongo ngempumelelo enkulu. Enye yazo kukukhetha ifayile ye- iimali ezivela kwibhanki ngokwayo apho uvule i-akhawunti yezokhuseleko. Zifikeleleka ngakumbi, kwaye ngokubanzi iikhomishini zazo zincinci kakhulu.
Kwangokunjalo, iimali ezisekwe kwimpahla yexabiso, zombini zisuka kwingeniso engaguquguqukiyo kunye nokwahlukileyo, zithengiswa ngexabiso elinyamezelayo kwimidla yakho. Ayothusi into yokuba ungade ufumanise ukuba bahamba phantsi komda omncinci. Kwaye nezo zengeniso esisigxina zitshiphu kunezo zisekwe kwiimarike zesitokhwe, ngakumbi ezisakhulayo okanye ezinye iindawo zejografi ezingekho kangako.
Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba iinkampani zolawulo zinokuba nenkululeko epheleleyo yokulinganisa iikhomishini zezi mveliso zezezimali, zihlala ziphantsi komda omkhulu. Ukuba ukhetha iimodeli ezibanzi, ngekhe ukwazi ukugxeka nomphathi, njengoko kunjalo kwilungelo lakho elipheleleyo. Ngenye indlela, uya kukhetha ezinye iimodeli ezingohlwaywanga zezi ndleko, kodwa zincinci.
Iindlela zokunciphisa iindleko
Ukuba awufuni kuba nezinto ezothusayo ezigabadeleyo, nasemva kokubhalisela ingxowa-mali yotyalo-mali, elona cebiso lililo Iya kubandakanya ukuba ufunde iimeko zabo ngokweenkcukacha ngaphambi kokuba uzenze zibe semthethweni. Ngenxa yesi sicwangciso, uya kuba nakho ukufikelela kwiifomathi ngeekhomishini ezincinci kakhulu kwintengiso. Ngaphandle kokunciphisa naliphi na inqanaba lokukhuphisana kwimveliso.
- Hayi kuba uhlawula iikhomishini ezibiza kakhulu oko kuthetha ukuba ingxowa-mali inenzuzo ngakumbi. Ewe akunjalo, kodwa kuya kuxhomekeka ekwakhiweni kwepotifoliyo yakho, kwaye kunjalo kwindaleko yeemarike zezemali.
- Njengokuba imveliso yokonga isiba nzima ngakumbi, iindleko zekhomishini zabo zihlala zincipha, de bafikelele kubuncinci obuphunyezwa kwiimarike. Akungombuzo wokukhangela kwezi ndleko, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, kwi Lungiselela ukhetho.
- Ngamanye amaxesha, ngaphezu kokuba ucinga, Yimali eneekhomishini ezibiza ixabiso eliphantsi ezifumana ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo, nkqu nembuyekezo ephezulu yonyaka. Hayi ngelize, yintoni malunga nokufumana imveliso ehlangabezana nolindelo lwakho njengomgcini, kwaye ilingana neprofayile yakho.