Iibhanki icandelo eliza kulithintela kwi2020

Icandelo lebhanki licandelo ngokugqwesa kwii-equity kuba ubukho balo buthanda ingqalelo yenxalenye elungileyo yabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ngomsebenzi omkhulu kutshintshiselwano lokukhuseleka kuzo zonke iiseshoni zokurhweba kwaye ezichonga uguquko lokwenyani lwesalathiso esikhethiweyo sentengiso yesitokhwe saseSpain. Ngokuxabiseka kokubaluleka kweBBVA, iSantander, iSabadell okanye iBankinter eye yehla kakhulu kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo njengesiphumo sokwandiswa kwecoronavirus. Nangona kunjalo, ayinakulityalwa ukuba uninzi lwazo zidityanisiwe njengeetshipsi eziluhlaza kwiimarike zezemali kunye nomthamo omkhulu wezivumelwano. Njengokuba babonakaliswa ngokuba ngamaxabiso alulwelo kakhulu avumela ukungena nokuphuma kwizikhundla zabo ngokulula.

Icandelo lebhanki likwabonakaliswa ngokuba ziinkampani ezinobundlobongela kumda obanzi. Iimakethi zilindele ukuba abalawuli behlise oko bakuthatha njengelona nqanaba liphezulu longenelelo kwicandelo, ukuphumla kwimilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yeebhalansi. Ukuba yenye yezinto ezivelise ukuba amaxabiso abo aphulukene nokuxabiseka kwabo kwiimarike ze-equity iminyaka embalwa. Ngelixa ukusasazeka kwe-coronavirus kwihlabathi liphela kuye kwakho imeko entsha apho iibhanki, esele zincamile izabelo kulo nyaka, zifuna iziqinisekiso ezithile zokuba iimali mboleko abazibonelelayo ziya kuziqokelela. Ngenxa yomngcipheko wokungagqibeki okwenziweyo kule meko intsha ngokubanzi.

Kwelinye icala, ixabiso labo liye lawa kwinqanaba lokubonisa amaxabiso amancinci kakhulu onokucinga ngawo kude kube ziinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo. Apho ezinye zazo zingaphantsi kweyunithi ye-euro kwaye zinethemba elincinci lokudlula la manqanaba ngamaxabiso. Ngokuncitshiswa okubaluleke kakhulu kubatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi abathathe izikhundla zabo kwiimarike zezabelo kwilizwe lethu. Kungenxa yokuba, ukongeza, eli candelo likwimeko ecace gca yokuhla, kwaye okona kubi kakhulu, ngawo onke amagama: elifutshane, eliphakathi nelide. Ngokuthengisa okwangoku kunqabile ukubonwa kwiiseshoni zokugqibela kwimarike yemasheya kwaye kukhokelele ekubeni bangabi yinto ekusebenzeni kwabasebenzisi beemarike zentengiso.

Amabhanki elona candelo libi kwi-Ibex 35

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, inye into eqinisekileyo kwaye lelo candelo lezemali lelona libi kakhulu kulo nyaka ngokubhekisele kwisalathiso esikhethiweyo sokulingana eSpain, i-Ibex 35. Ngokuhla ngaphezulu kwe-35% kwaye kwezinye iimeko nangaphezulu I-50% ishiywe ngasemva. Ngamanye amagama, khange ibe sisivumelwano esihle kubo bonke abatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Apho belahlekelwe khona ukuza kuthi ga ngoku inxalenye elungileyo yolondolozo etyalwe kula maqela ezemali. Ngaphezulu kwamanye amacandelo afanelekileyo, afana nolwakhiwo, umbane okanye itekhnoloji entsha. Ukusuka kule meko, asikho esinye isisombululo ngaphandle kokulinda ubone ukuba ezi nkampani zidweliswe njani ukuze zikwazi ukuthengwa ngamaxabiso ahlengahlengisiweyo kunye nokhuphiswano kunangoku.

Ngelixa kwelinye icala, ayinakulityalwa ukuba ezi stock zinomngcipheko omkhulu kakhulu ngenxa yombulelo wazo omkhulu kwaye ziphambili kuwo onke amacandelo emarike yemasheya. Ngumahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaxabiso aphezulu kunye neyona isezantsi kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi kunokukhokelela kumanqanaba ajikeleze i-5% kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngamandla. Le yimeko edimazeke kakhulu kubatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi abanesikhundla sokuzikhusela okanye sokugcina abangakwaziyo ukuvumela olu hlobo lokuguquguquka kwiimarike zezabelo. Ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, kufaneleke ngakumbi kubarhwebi abanokwenza ukonga kwabo kunenzuzo ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu. Kukuphi utshintsho kwimikhwa yabasebenzisi beli klasi leemveliso zezezimali.

Amaxabiso ojikelezo

Olu didi lweenkampani ezidwelisiweyo lolunye lwalahleko olukhulu kulo nyaka njengoko imigca yabo yeshishini iye yehla ngamandla amakhulu. Ngokwehla konyaka okujikeleze iipesenti ezingama-45, nto leyo ethetha lukhulu kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka. Kodwa asinakulibala ukuba olu didi lokhuseleko lubonakaliswe ngaphezu kwako konke kuba lusebenza bhetele kumaxesha okukhula kwaye lusezantsi kunamanye ngamaxesha aphindaphindeneyo. Kwaye ke kulandelwa ngokungqongqo lo mthetho uhlala ujongwa kwiimarike zezabelo. Kwaye ke akuyi kubakho khetho ngaphandle kokuphepha izikhundla zabo ngeli xesha. Kuba sisenokuba nezinye izinto ezingalindelekanga ukususela ngoku ukuya phambili.

Ngelixa kwelinye icala, kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba ukhuseleko lomjikelo luhlala lurhweba ngokungazinzanga okukhulu kunabanye. Akumangalisi ukuba le yenye yezona mpawu zayo zichaziweyo kwaye kufuneka uhlalutye ukuze wazi ukuba ungakanani amandla okuwa kwayo kwaye ukhethe ukungangeni kwizikhundla zawo kwimarike yemasheya. Ukusuka kule ndawo yokujonga, akukho khetho ngaphandle kokuyeka ekuthathweni kwezigqibo, ubuncinci ngokubhekisele kwelona xesha lifutshane. Ngale ndlela, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba okukhona somelele, kokukhona isiba namandla kwezoqoqosho. Kodwa njengoko icandelo licutheka, njengoko kungqinwa ziziganeko ezikhokelela kulo mzuzu, imeko inokuba nzima kakhulu kubatyali mali.

Linda ubuncinci okwethutyana

Elona cebo lililo lotyalo-mali abanalo okwangoku kukulinda, ukulinda kunye nokulinda. Abanakukhetha ukuba bafuna ngokwenene ukukhusela izikhundla zabo kule klasi yezokhuseleko. Kungenxa yokuba nakuphi na ukutyibilika kunokubangela ukuba bashiye i-euro eninzi apha endleleni kwaye ke kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo ukuze bajongane nale meko inzima iboniswayo kubo kwezi nyanga zintsonkothileyo kwiimarike ze-equity kwaye ngakumbi kwiibhanki zokhuseleko zecandelo. Ukongeza, akukho zikhetho kuyo nayiphi na into kuba imeko yezobuchwephesha iyintlekele kubo bonke kwaye ke ngoko ayivumeli amaxabiso akhuselekileyo kwiindawo zentengiso enye.

Kwelinye icala, kufuneka sivavanye inyani yokuba eli candelo leshishini linengxaki yobuthathaka obukhulu. Azikho zintsha, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo kudala bezirhuqa iminyaka ethile kwaye esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba ixabiso labo kwimarike yemasheya lehle kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo. Kukhethwa ukuba ulinde abambalwa ukuba baqale ukuthenga izabelo ukuthintela iimeko ezingafunekiyo kwinxalenye enkulu yabatyali mali. Akumangalisi ukuba ngeli xesha ukungazinzi kuye kwanda kwaye kunokubangela ukuba imithambo-luvo ivele ngendlela ebonakalayo kwizimo esidlula kuzo ngeli xesha lobomi bethu. Apho ulumkiso kufuneka lube ngaphezulu kwezinye izinto zobugcisa eziqwalaselweyo.

Yintoni ixabiso lotyalo-mali?

Ixabiso lokutyalomali sisicwangciso esisetyenziswa ngabantu abakhetha amasheya abonakala ngathi athengisa ngaphantsi kwexabiso labo langaphakathi okanye lencwadi. Ixabiso labatyalomali bajonge isitokhwe apho ixabiso lentengiso lingabonakalisi ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwemali kwishishini. Aba batyali mali bakholelwa ngokusisiseko ukuba izitokhwe abazikhethayo azixatyiswanga yimarike. Bahlala bethenga ngogonyamelo isitokhwe ngaxeshanye nabanye bethengisa, ngexesha leendaba ezimbi, ukusebenza gwenxa, okanye imeko zoqoqosho ezibuthathaka. Kodwa xa abantu abaninzi beleqa amasheya aphuma phezulu, amaxabiso abatyali mali enza ngokuchaseneyo: Bayathengisa.

Ixabiso labatyalomali ligxile kwiinjongo zexesha elide kunexesha elifutshane. Ukubandezeleka kwimarike ebanzi okanye kwisiseko somlinganiso ngamnye yinto edala amathuba okuba abatyali mali bathenge kwizaphulelo ezinomtsalane. Icandelo lebhanki linobuzaza kumjikelo weshishini, okwenza ukuba lifikeleleke kwixabiso kunye nokuxabisa okugqithisileyo okutsala abatyali mali.

Icandelo lebhanki

Icandelo lebhanki okanye elezemali liquka iinkampani ezibonelela ngeenkonzo zezemali kubathengi. Oku kubandakanya iibhanki zentengiso, iinkampani zeinshurensi, kunye neenkampani zeenkonzo zotyalo-mali. Eli candelo linefuthe elikhulu kuqoqosho. Ukomelela ngakumbi, kokukhona uqoqosho lusomelela ngakumbi. Kodwa njengoko icandelo liba buthathaka, njengoko kungqinwa ziziganeko ezikhokelela kuXinzelelo oluKhulu, uqoqosho luqala ukulandela. Ke ngoko, uqoqosho olusempilweni kunye nozinzo lufuna icandelo lezemali nelomeleleyo.

Uninzi lwestokhwe kweli candelo lihlawula izabelo, uninzi lwamaxabiso abatyali zimali abakholelwa ukuba luphawu oluhle lomgangatho wenkampani. Ixesha elide lembali yokwahlulahlula, kungcono kumtyali-mali, njengoko ibonisa irekhodi elungileyo lempumelelo. Ikwabonisa ukuba inkampani inembali yokubonelela abatyali mali ngesabelo senzuzo.

Utyalomali lwexesha elifutshane vs. ixesha elide

Umbono wexabiso lomtyali mali unokuqondwa kakuhle ngenkcazo yabatyali mali abanamava kwimarike yemasheya njengomatshini wokuvota wexesha elifutshane, kodwa umatshini wobunzima bexesha elide. Intsingiselo yalo mzekeliso kukuba kwixesha elifutshane, amaxabiso esitokhwe amiselwa ziimvakalelo kunye nezimvo zabathathi-nxaxheba kwimarike. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, ixabiso liqhutywa ngokwenyani yokusebenza kwenkampani.

U-Graham uthathwa njengoyise wexabiso lotyalo-mali, egxininisa kugxilwe kwiziseko zexesha elide zesitokhwe. Ngenxa yokuba izitokhwe zebhanki mhlawumbi zezona zichaphazeleka kolu luvo lwexeshana, ngenxa yokuphakama kunye nohlobo lweshishini, kungokwemvelo ukuba abatyali mali bexabiso batsaleleke kweli candelo.

Ixabiso labatyalomali bajonge isitokhwe ngexabiso eliphantsi ukuya kumvuzo (P / E). Ngamanye amaxesha ukuba ishishini lisengxakini, lisenokulahlekelwa yimali, lenze ukuba eli nyathelo lingabi luncedo kangako kunentengiso okanye imida emandla. Elinye inyathelo lexabiso lixabiso lokufumana umvuzo (P / B). Ixabiso lencwadi lenkampani libonisa ixabiso lenkampani emva kokubalwa kwazo zonke iintlobo zamatyala.

Izitokhwe ezishushu zokujongana nemarike yemasheya ehlotyeni

Ngokuqinisekileyo oku kuya kuba lihlobo eliqhelekileyo labatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi ngenxa yeemeko ezikhoyo eziye zavela.

Amabhanki angabonakala njengamashishini anzima kakhulu, kwaye ngeendlela ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, izimvo ezisisiseko zeshishini leebhanki kunye nendlela amashishini enza ngayo imali kulula ukuyiqonda. Unoko engqondweni, nasi isishwankathelo seentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhanki, ezinye iimetrikhi zabatyali zimali kufuneka bazi, kunye nezitokhwe ezintathu ezinkulu zebhanki zokugcina iradar yakho.

Iindidi ezi-3 zamashishini asebhanki

Iibhanki zorhwebo: Ezi ziibhanki ezibonelela ngeenkonzo kubathengi nakumashishini, njengokujonga kunye nokugcina iiakhawunti, iimali mboleko zemoto, imali mboleko, izatifikethi zedipozithi, nokunye okuninzi. Eyona ndlela iphambili yokufumana imali kwibhanki yezorhwebo kukuboleka imali ngenzala ephantsi kwaye uyiboleke abathengi kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngelixa iibhanki zorhwebo zisenza uninzi lwemali yazo kwingeniso yenzala, uninzi lukwaqokelela ingeniso ebalulekileyo kwimirhumo yemvelaphi yemali mboleko, iintlawulo zeATM, kunye neefizi zokugcina iakhawunti.

Iibhanki zotyalo-mali: Ezi bhanki zibonelela ngeenkonzo zotyalo-mali kubaxhasi bamaziko kunye nabantu abanamandla aphezulu okuthenga. Iibhanki zotyalo-mali ziinkampani ezinceda ezinye iinkampani ukuba zihambe esidlangalaleni ngokunikezela kuqala kuluntu, zikhuphe ukhuseleko lwamatyala kwaye zicebise ngokudityaniswa kunye nokufunyanwa, kunye nokufumana iikhomishini zazo zonke ezi zinto. Iibhanki zotyalo-mali zihlala zisenza imali kwizitokhwe zorhwebo, ukhuseleko olumiselweyo, iimali kunye nezinto zorhwebo. Baye bathambekele ekubeni namashishini okulawula ubutyebi kwaye bahlala beneepotfoliyo ezinkulu zabo.

Iibhanki zendalo iphela: Ibhanki yendalo iphela inentengiso kunye notyalo mali. Uninzi lweebhanki ezinkulu zaseMelika ziibhanki ezikhoyo. Ngelixa iibhanki zorhwebo zifumana uninzi lwengeniso yazo kwingeniso yenzala kunye neebhanki zotyalo-mali zixhomekeke ikakhulu kwimali engenayo yomrhumo, iibhanki zehlabathi jikelele zinandipha ukuxuba okuhle kuzo zombini.

Ngokucacileyo ezi ziinkcazo ezilula. Iibhanki zinezinye iindlela ezininzi zokwenza ingeniso. Umzekelo, iibhanki ezininzi zibonelela ngebhokisi ekhuselekileyo yokuqesha kubathengi bayo, kwaye abanye benza imali ngokusebenzisana neenkampani zomntu wesithathu. Nangona kunjalo, ezantsi emazantsi, ezi zezona ndlela ziphambili ezenza imali kwiibhanki.

Iintshukumo ezi-3 eziPhezulu zeBhanki yokubeka iRadar yakho kwi2020

Amakhulu eebhanki athengisa ngotshintshiselwano olukhulu lwase-US, kwaye ziza ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo, iindawo, kunye neefoci. Ngelixa kukho ezinye iindlela ezintle kwindalo engenakuchazeka, nazi izitokhwe zebhanki ezintathu zokuqala ezinokunika imbuyekezo enkulu kwiminyaka ezayo.

  • Ibhanki yaseMelika (i-NYSE: i-BAC)
  • I-JPMorgan Chase (i-NYSE: iJPM)
  • I-US Bancorp (i-NYSE: i-USB)

Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zabatyali mali beBhanki

Ukuba ujonge ukutyala imali kwizitokhwe zebhanki nganye, nazi ezinye iimethrikhi onokufuna ukuzongeza kwizixhobo zakho:

Ixabiso kwiXabiso leNcwadi (P / B): Ixabiso eliphakamileyo lokulinganisa onokulisebenzisa kunye nezitokhwe zebhanki, ixabiso lencwadi, okanye iP / B, ibonisa ukuba ingakanani ibhanki ethengisayo xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso lempahla yakho. Ingasetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kunye neenzuzo zemetrikhi ezixoxwe ngezantsi ukunika umbono ngokubanzi wokuba zitshiphu okanye zibiza kangakanani izitokhwe zebhanki.

Ukubuyela kwi-Equity (i-ROE): Inqanaba lokuqala kumanqanaba amabini enzuzo asetyenziswa kwizitokhwe zebhanki, ukubuya kwi-equity yinzuzo yebhanki echazwe njengepesenti yabanini zabelo. Ukunyuka okuphezulu; I-10% okanye nangaphezulu ithathwa njengeyaneleyo.

Ukubuyela kwiiasethi (i-ROA): Yinzuzo yebhanki njengepesenti yeeasethi kwiphepha lomncono. Umzekelo, ukuba ibhanki yenze inzuzo ye- $ 1.000 yezigidigidi ngo-2020 kwaye ine- $ 100.000 yezigidigidi kwiiasethi, ukubuyela kwayo kwiiasethi kuya kuba yi-1%. Abatyalomali ngokubanzi bafuna ukubona i-ROA ye-1% okanye ngaphezulu.

Umlinganiselo wokusebenza kakuhle: Umlinganiselo wokusebenza kakuhle kwebhanki yipesenti exelela abatyali mali ukuba ichithe malini ibhanki ukwenza ingeniso yayo. Umzekelo, umyinge we-60% wokusebenza kakuhle kuthetha ukuba ibhanki ichithe i-60 yeedola kwi-100 yeedola nganye eyenzileyo. Umlinganiso wokusebenza ufumaneka ngokwahlula inkcitho-nzala (iindleko zokusebenza) ngeniso engenayo, kwaye ezantsi zingcono.


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