Ngokuqinisekileyo ngaphezu kwesihlandlo esinye uye wazibona ii-initials I + D + I ezintsingiselo zisindayo. Enyanisweni, kuqhelekile ukubona i-R + D. Kodwa xa ndidityaniswa enye, sele sinengxaki kwaye kukuba ababaninzi bayazi ukuba bathetha ukuthini.
Ke ngoko, kwesi sihlandlo, sifuna ukugxila kuso ukuze Uyayiqonda i-100% ukuba i-akhronim nganye ithetha ntoni kunye nesizathu sokuba zidityaniswe kunye. Ziphose kuyo?
R+D+I: intsingiselo yee-akhronimi
Ukwazi ukuba yintoni intsingiselo ye-R+D+I, kufuneka Chaza isifinyezo ngasinye ukuze uqonde ukuba zithetha ukuthini.
Eyokuqala ndimele uPhando. I-D yeyoPhuhliso ize eyesibini ibe yeye-Innovation (iteknoloji).
Njenge, I-R+D+I ibandakanyiwe kwinqaku lama-35 loMthetho wama-27/2014 kwiRhafu yeNkampani Itsho njalo:
«Uphando luya kuthathwa njengophando olucwangcisiweyo lokuqala olufuna ukufumanisa ulwazi olutsha kunye nokuqonda okuphezulu kwintsimi yesayensi kunye nezobuchwepheshe, kunye nophuhliso ekusetyenzisweni kweziphumo zophando okanye naluphi na olunye uhlobo lolwazi lwezenzululwazi ukuveliswa. okanye imveliso okanye uyilo lweenkqubo ezintsha zemveliso okanye iinkqubo, ngokunjalo nokuphuculwa okubonakalayo kobuchwepheshe bezinto esele zikho, iimveliso, iinkqubo okanye iinkqubo.
Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha okanye iinkqubo kwisicwangciso, kwisikimu okanye kuyilo kuya kuqwalaselwa kwakhona njengomsebenzi wophando kunye nophuhliso, kunye nokudalwa kweprototype yokuqala engathengiswayo kunye neeprojekthi zokuqala zokubonisa okanye iiprojekthi ezilingwayo, ngaphandle kokuba ezi azinakuguqulwa. okanye esetyenziselwa ushishino okanye uxhatshazo lwezorhwebo.
Ngokunjalo, uyilo kunye nolungiselelo lwencwadi yesampulu yokuqaliswa kweemveliso ezintsha kuya kuthathwa njengophando kunye nomsebenzi wophuhliso. Ukwenzela ezi njongo, ukuqaliswa kwemveliso entsha kuya kuqondwa njengokungeniswa kwayo emarikeni nanjengemveliso entsha, leyo ubutsha bayo buyimfuneko kwaye ingebubo nje obusesikweni okanye ngengozi.
Uphando kunye nomsebenzi wophuhliso uya kuqwalaselwa kwakhona ukudala, indibaniselwano kunye noqwalaselo lwe-software ephucukileyo, ngokusebenzisa ithiyori ezintsha kunye algorithms okanye iinkqubo zokusebenza, iilwimi, ujongano kunye nezicelo ezijoliswe ekuphuhliseni iimveliso ezintsha okanye eziphuculwe kakhulu, iinkqubo okanye iinkonzo. I-Software ejoliswe ukuququzelela ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zoluntu zolwazi kubantu abakhubazekileyo iya kufakwa kule ngcamango, xa iqhutywe ngaphandle kwenzuzo. Imisebenzi yesiqhelo okanye yesiqhelo enxulumene nokugcinwa kwesoftware okanye uhlaziyo oluncinci aluqukwanga.»
«Utshintsho lwetekhnoloji luya kuqwalaselwa njengomsebenzi osiphumo sayo sikukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji ekufumaneni iimveliso ezintsha okanye iinkqubo zemveliso okanye uphuculo olukhulu kwezo sele zikhona. Ezo mveliso okanye iinkqubo ezineempawu okanye ukusetyenziswa kwazo, ngokwembono yetekhnoloji, zahluke kakhulu kwezo zikhoyo ngaphambili, ziya kuthathwa njengezintsha.
Lo msebenzi uya kubandakanya ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha okanye iinkqubo kwisicwangciso, iskimu okanye uyilo, ukuyilwa kweprototype yokuqala engathengiswayo, iiprojekthi zokubonisa okanye iiprojekthi zolingo, kubandakanya nezo zinxulumene noopopayi kunye nemidlalo yevidiyo kunye neesampulu zelaphu. yezihlangu, ukushuka, iimpahla zethwathwa, izinto zokudlala, ifanitshala kunye nemizi-mveliso yeeplanga, ngaphandle kokuba ayinakuguqulwa okanye isetyenziswe kwimizi-mveliso okanye kurhwebo.
Investigación
Ukuba akuzange kucace ngokupheleleyo kuwe ukuba kuthetha ukuthini uphando, siya kukucacisela.
Ku malunga inkqubo enjongo yayo ikukufumana ulwazi olutsha okanye ukuqonda ngcono, kwinqanaba lezenzululwazi neteknoloji, into esele ikhona. Ukuze kuthathelwe ingqalelo uphando, iimeko ezimbini kufuneka zifezekiswe: kwelinye icala, kukho indlela engcono yeteknoloji okanye yenzululwazi ethethelela olo phando; kwelinye, icinga into entsha, oko kukuthi, ingumceli mngeni kuba ayizange ibekho de kwaloo mzuzu.
Phuhliso
Kwimeko yophuhliso, kufuneka ugcine engqondweni ukuba ibhekisa kwi ukusetyenziswa koko kufunyenwe kuphando. Sikunika umzekelo. Khawufane ucinge ukuba uphanda iyeza lokunyanga naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaza. Uphuhliso luya kuba kukwenza elo yeza eliza kuba neziphumo ezifunyenwe kuphando. Kwaye olu yilo kufuneka lube yinoveli, oko kukuthi, ngenxa yoko, into engazange ibonwe ngaphambili kufuneka iphume kuyo.
Ubugcisa obutsha
Ekugqibeleni, sineteknoloji entsha. Ibhekisa kwi umsebenzi wona ngokwawo ocinga ukuba ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji ukufumana iimveliso ezintsha, iimveliso okanye uphuculo kwezo sele zikhona.
Umzekelo weteknoloji entsha yinkqubela phambili kwi-animation. Ukuba sithelekisa indlela eyayiphila ngayo ngaphambili kunye nendlela eyenziwa ngayo ngoku, siya kuba neeyantlukwano ezinkulu. Kwaye kukuba iinkqubo ziye zaphucuka.
Indlela i-R+D+I ebalwa ngayo kumazwe
Kukho umgaqo osetyenziswa ngawo onke amazwe malunga nokuba azakutyala malini kwi-R+D+I. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokuthi umlinganiselo phakathi kwenkcitho yeR&D&I kunye ne Imveliso yasekhaya encangathi (GDP).
Yakuba ifunyenwe, kufuneka yahlulwe ibe ziinxalenye ezimbini, inkcitho karhulumente kwelinye icala kunye nenkcitho yabucala kwelinye.
Kutheni i-R+D+I ibaluleke kangaka?
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, usenokuba sele uzibonile izibonelelo zeenkampani kunye nelizwe lotyalo-mali kwi-R+D+I. Nangona kunjalo, ayifanelanga kujongwa njengotyalo-mali lwelahleko.
La uphando lufuna inkxaso yemali ukuze uqalise. Kuyafana nophuhliso. Zombini zihamba kunye kwaye zifuna ukuba utyalo-mali lwemali lukwazi ukuqhubela phambili kwaye lufumane iziphumo.
Kodwa kulapho inguqulelo ingena khona. Amandla amakhulu ale setethi akwindawo yokugqibela. Kwaye kukuba, xa sele ityaliwe yaza yaphuhliswa, inguqulelo entsha igxile kutyalo-mali olo lwazi esele luphunyeziwe ukwenza imali.
Ngamanye amazwi, ngumjikelo oqhubekayo. Ngelixa imali ye-R&D ityalwe, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kuphumelela ukuba, ngeziphumo zezi zimbini, ukuba utyalo-mali lubuyiselwe kwaye kuveliswa imali eninzi.
R+D+I kwiinkampani
Ukuba awuyazi, iinkampani ngokwazo zinokuba ngumthombo weeprojekthi ze-R+D+I. Nazi izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nenkuthazo eyenziweyo ukunceda, ezifana neebhonasi, ukutsalwa kwerhafu, uncedo, izibonelelo...
Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani azibazi kakuhle kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi zinokuba zenza umsebenzi onokuthi ubandakanye isiqinisekiso seprojekthi.
Imisebenzi efana nophuhliso lweemveliso ezintsha kunye/okanye ukuphuculwa kwezikhoyo, ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo zemveliso; okanye ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji njengento entsha emsebenzini inokuba ziiprojekthi ze-R+D+I ekunokuthi zibe neenzuzo kuzo.
Ukuba inkampani yakho ikholelwa ukuba inokwenza into enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo kolu hlobo lweprojekthi, eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza fumanisa ukuba ingaba banelungelo na kuyo nayiphi na okanye intlawulo yerhafu ebonelela ngenkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo (umzekelo, ukutyala ixesha elininzi kunye/okanye imali) ukufezekisa iziphumo ezikhawulezayo okanye ezisebenzayo.
Njengoko ubona, intsingiselo ye-R+D+I ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngapha koko, kungenxa yenkqubela phambili esiye safikelela kuyo uluntu namhlanje, kunye nezinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo. Kungenjalo bekuya kusafuneka sikhuhle ngesandla, singakwazi ukuhamba singasathethi ke ngokubhabha. Ingaba ucinga ntoni?