Isalathiso esikhethiweyo sezabelo zaseSpain, i-Ibex 35, sivalile emva kweenyanga ezininzi ngezantsi kwenqanaba elibalulekileyo lamanqaku ayi-9.000. Ngenxa yeziganeko ezininzi ezidibeneyo kwaye ke zinefuthe elibulalayo kwimidla yabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Phakathi kwezona zibalaseleyo, iingxelo zomongameli wase-United States ngokuchasene ne-China kunye nokuwa kweponti ngenxa yoloyiko lokuba i-Brexit enzima iyavuka phakathi kwabatyali-mali. Kwaye ivelise ukuba amaxabiso amaninzi kwimarike yestokhwe yaseSpain anikezele kwinkxaso ethile yokufaneleka okuthile.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, le meko inokuchazwa njengotshintsho lwendlela ukuya Ukuphela kwayo yonke inkqubo yokwazisa (Kwaye nakwicala) elinike iziphumo ezilungileyo kakhulu kubatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ngenzuzo ekongiweyo ethi kwezinye iimeko ibe ngaphezulu kwe-10%, ngaphaya kwesahlulo amaxabiso entengiso yemasheya anokuhambisa phakathi kwabanini zabelo. Inqaku lenkxalabo elinokubachaphazela. Ngenxa yomngcipheko wokwenyani wokuba izinto ezikwimakethi yesitokhwe azikho njengoko bezinjalo kude kube ngoku.
Kule meko ngokubanzi, inkxalabo ibuyele kwiimarike zezabelo. Kodwa ngeli xesha, ngaba kukuhlala iinyanga ezininzi okanye iminyaka? Lo ngumbuzo wesigidi seedola oya kuthi usombulule kwiinyanga ezizayo. Ngaphaya kokunye ukuqwalaselwa kobuchwephesha bendalo kwaye mhlawumbi nakwindawo yokujonga izinto ezisisiseko. Kwinto ehambelana nemeko enokuthi ichaze ukuwa okukhulu kumaxabiso enza isalathiso esikhethiweyo sezabelo zaseSpain, i-Ibex 35.
Ibex 35, ungaya phi?
Lo ngumbuzo wesigidi seedola phakathi kwabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ukukhangela kakubi kakhulu kwiminqweno yakho kuba izinto zinokuya zisiba mandundu kwezi zihlandlo zichanekileyo. Nangona kunjalo kuyakufuneka ukuhlalutya uthini umthamo wokuqesha ngeli xesha lokuqikelela ukuba le ntshukumo kwiimarike zezemali inokuthenjwa na okanye hayi. Okanye ngokuchaseneyo, sisilumkiso sobuxoki esiphindaphindwe kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, ulumkiso kufuneka lube ngumgangatho wokuqala wesenzo kude kube sekupheleni konyaka. Kuba ii-euro ezininzi zinokuhla ngendlela.
Kwesinye isimo, kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba le yimeko elinde inxenye yabahlalutyi abaphambili bezemali. Kuba ngoku, le yinto endiyibonileyo isiza kuhlalutyo lobuchwephesha kwii-indices eziphambili zelizwekazi lakudala. Apho kungathandabuzekiyo ukuba ubuthathaka babufakiwe kwizikhundla zabo nakwindlela yokuhambelana namaxabiso ezokhuseleko kwabo kwimarike yemasheya. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba yinto ekufuneka ixatyisiwe ukusukela ngoku ukwenza isigqibo sokuba kungcono ukuthatha izikhundla kwezi asethi zemali. Okanye ngokuchaseneyo, kukhethwa ukuba ukhethe ukuhlawula amatyala kwimisebenzi yentengiso yesitokhwe.
Ukuthengiselana ngexabiso
Esinye seziphumo ngqo zokuvalwa kwe-Ibex 35 emva kweenyanga ezininzi ngaphantsi kwenqanaba elibalulekileyo lamanqaku ayi-9.000 lixabiso elikhuphisanayo eliboniswa yinxalenye enkulu yamaxabiso ezabelo zaseSpain. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba ungazibuza ukuba lixesha lokuba ungene kwiimarike zezemali. Kuba kwezinye iimeko amaxabiso exabiso langoku nakuyiphi na imeko engaphantsi kwamaxabiso ekujoliswe kuwo. Kule meko ixhalabisayo ngokubanzi, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba ezinye zoqikelelo kwiinkampani ezidwelisiweyo zinokubonakala ngathi zitshiphu, kodwa inyani kukuba banokuwela ngakumbi kwiimarike zemali.
I-Banco Santander, umzekelo, ingaphantsi kwe-euro ezingama-4 ngesabelo ngasinye, i-Arcelor ejikeleze i-euro ezili-13 kwaye ke yinxalenye elungileyo yezokhuseleko ezenza isalathiso esikhethiweyo sezabelo zaseSpain, i-Ibex 35. Kodwa lumka kakhulu, kuba oku akuthethi zitshiphu, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, amaxabiso alungelelaniswe nenyani. Kuyaphungulwa ukuba ixesha elitsha lokwehla kwemali liza kungeniswa kwaye le nto inyani inokwenza umonakalo omkhulu kwiiasethi zemali ukusukela ngoku. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba kukho isitokhwe esele sinciphise amaxabiso aso ngesiqingatha, umzekelo kumzekelo we BBVA, Enagas kunye namanye amazwe alinganayo.
Yintoni enokwenziwa?
Kule meko ngokubanzi, eyona nto icetyiswayo ngeli xesha kukugcina ubutyebi kwaye emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa usebenzise amathuba ezorhwebo aza kuvela kwimarike yemasheya. Kungenxa yokuba ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ziya kuvela, nkqu nakwezona meko zinzima kwintengiso yesitokhwe sikazwelonke nangaphandle kwemida yethu. Oku kuyinyani ekufuneka uthembele ngaphezulu kwezinye iintlobo zokuqwalaselwa kobuchwephesha. Ngayiphi na imeko, eli ayiloxesha lokwenza imisebenzi kwixesha eliphakathi nelide. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, ezi kufuneka kubhekiswe kuzo ixesha elifutshane kakhulu lokuhlala. Apho ubuncinci ekubuyeni okuthile kuya kwenzeka akusayi kubakho sisombululo simbi kunokuhlengahlengisa izikhundla.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, ayinakulityalwa ukuba sijamelene nexesha elibi kakhulu kuwo onke amazwe alinganayo. Ngale ndlela, akukho mathandabuzo okuba iimarike zentengiso zikhule iminyaka emininzi, phantse ukusukela kumhla wokudodobala koqoqosho, ngo-2012. Kwaye kwezinye iimeko, usa stock, kunye nembuyiselo kufutshane ne-100%. Ke ngoko, kusengqiqweni ukuba olu tshintsho kwindlela eyenzeka ngayo ngenxa yokuba akukho nto inyukayo okanye yehla ngonaphakade, kungaphantsi kweemarike zezemali. Ngoku libonakala ngathi lixesha lokuba izinto zitshintshe, nangona kubonakala kukubi.
Ezinye iindlela zokutyala imali
Ayizukuba lula ukufumana iinketho zokwenza ukuba imali yakho ibeyinzuzo. Akumangalisi ukuba iidipozithi zebhanki zexesha elimisiweyo zikwimbali esezantsi nangakumbi ngoku ekubeni zikwimbuyekezo embi. Unokwenza okuncinci kakhulu ngezi ntlobo zeemveliso zemali. Ngaphandle kokuba nemali igcinwe ijongene nemeko engentle yezabelo. Ngelixa kwelinye icala, iifomathi ezinxulunyaniswe nemarike yemasheya zibonisa ukungalunganga okufanayo nokuthengwa kunye nokuthengiswa kwezabelo. Ngokukodwa, ezona mveliso zinoburharha ezinje ukuthengiswa kwetyala, iziqinisekiso okanye izinto eziphuma kuwo. Ngaphandle kokuba ukhethe ixabiso elisezantsi nokuba libandakanya imingcipheko emininzi ekuqeshweni kwayo.
Olona khetho unalo ngalo mzuzu lolokumelwa zezinye iimarike. Njengakwimeko ethile yegolide, enokuzivelela ingenasiphako kuba iyinto yezezimali esebenza njengendawo yokubalekela phakathi kwabatyali mali nalapho unokwenza khona ukonga okunenzuzo ngenzuzo ebalaseleyo. Njengabanye izinto ezingafakwanga izinto ezifanelekileyo Nangona kule meko kunzima ngakumbi ukuthenga kwiimarike zezemali. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu kuba kuya kufuneka uye phesheya ukuze utyikitye ezi zivumelwano. Ngelixa kwelinye icala, iifomathi ezinxulunyaniswe nemarike yemasheya zibonisa ukungalunganga okufanayo nokuthengwa kunye nokuthengiswa kwezabelo.
Ngokubhekisele kwimarike yemali, ukonyuka ngokubanzi kunyamezelo lomngcipheko kuxhase idola kwiveki ephelileyo. Idatha evela ekukhuleni koqoqosho olomeleleyo e-US, isivuno esikhulu se-bond kunye ne-European Central Bank (ECB) ngokuzibophelela ekunciphiseni amaxabiso ngo-Septemba baxhasa ukubuyela umva, okuphele iveki ngaphezulu kwazo zonke iimali ezinkulu kwilizwe jikelele. Olona phawu luqinisekileyo lwe-euro kukuba ikwazile ukuvala ngaphezulu kwe-1,11 ngaphandle kokumangaliswa kwezoqoqosho kunye nethemba elibi kwi-ECB, ngokokuhlalutya kweveki kwe-Ebury.
Abatyalomali bamanye amazwe
Ukuzithemba kwabatyali mali bamanye amazwe kwizabelo zaseSpain kunyaka ophelileyo kubeke irekhodi elitsha. Ngokwengxelo yonyaka yobunini bezabelo ezidwelisiweyo, ezilungiselelwe yiSpanish Stock Exchange kunye neNkonzo yoPhando lweMarike (BME), abangahlaliyo bane-48,1% yemarike yemasheya yaseSpain. Bangamanqaku amabini eepesenti ngaphezulu konyaka ophelileyo kwaye bamele irekhodi elitsha lembali. Apho kuboniswa khona ukuba Utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo kwiimarike zezabelo zamakhaya zehle laya kwi-17,2%, ngelixa ezo ezingezozezimali zinyukile.
Kwelinye icala, kufanele ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba iinkampani ezidwelisiweyo ziyonwabela ukubanzi, ukwahluka kunye nokucaca kobukho babatyali mali bamanye amazwe kwikomkhulu labo kuneenkampani ezingadweliswanga. Abatyalomali bamanye amazwe bane-20% yezabelo zeenkampani ezingadweliswanga, xa kuthelekiswa phantse nesiqingatha sexabiso leenkampani kwiSpanish Stock Exchange abazilawulayo. Ezi ziidatha ezifanelekileyo kakhulu eziqinisekisa ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabatyali mali abangahlaliyo Kwizitokhwe zaseSpain inyuka ngamanqaku amabini epesenti ngonyaka kwaye iseta irekhodi lembali.