Njengoko usazi, iibhanki zibonelela ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeakhawunti ukuze zilungele iimfuno zabantu. Kakade ke, rhoqo ukuthobela iimfuno ezithile ezigqitywe yibhanki. Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ngokuthe ngqo nge-akhawunti yekhredithi. Oku kuhamba kakuhle kakhulu kubantu abazisebenzayo kunye noosomashishini, njengoko kubavumela ukuba bafikelele imali ukuze bakwazi ukwenza iintlawulo ezithile ezivela kwiziganeko ezingalindelekanga.
Ukuba ucinga ngokuvula iakhawunti yetyala, ndincoma ukuba uqhubeke ufunda. Siza kucacisa ukuba yintoni olu hlobo lwe-akhawunti, isetyenziselwa ntoni, yintoni inzuzo kunye nokungalunganga kwayo, kwaye yahluke njani kwimali-mboleko. Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe.
Yintoni iakhawunti yetyala?
Phambi kokuba siye kwiinkcukacha ezithe vetshe, masiqale siphendule umbuzo omkhulu: Yintoni i-akhawunti yetyala? Ewe, luhlobo lweakhawunti yebhanki evumela umntu oziqeshileyo okanye inkampani ekuthethwa ngayo ukufumana imali ethile ukuze ukwazi ukujongana neentlawulo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nemisebenzi yorhwebo. Le mali ivunyelwene ngaphambili nebhanki.
Injongo ephambili yesi sivumelwano phakathi kwebhanki kunye nequmrhu elichaphazelekayo kukuba le yokugqibela iyakwazi ukusombulula naziphi na iingxaki zokungabi namali yokuhlawula amatyala enokuba nazo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokunqongophala kwengeniso okwexesha elithile okanye ngenxa yeziganeko ezingalindelekanga zoqoqosho, ezinokuthi zibeke emngciphekweni ubume bezemali baloo nkampani.
Umdla kunye neekomishini
Ewe, iibhanki azinikezeli ngolu hlobo lweakhawunti ngaphandle kokucela nantoni na ngembuyekezo. Ukubagcina Kuya kufuneka uhlawule umdla ohlukeneyo kunye neekomishini. Siza kugqabaza kuqala kwiindidi zomdla ezinxulumene neeakhawunti zetyala:
- Imidla yababolekisi ngemali: Inzala yetyala isetyenziswa kwiimeko apho i-akhawunti ekuthethwa ngayo inebhalansi evumayo. Ngamanye amazwi: Yinto ekufuneka uyihlawule ukuba usebenzisa imali eninzi kunaleyo bekuvunyelwene ngayo ngaphambili.
- Inzala yomntu onamatyala: Olu hlobo lwenzala lusetyenziswa ekusebenziseni imali ebolekwe liqumrhu lebhanki ngokwexesha lokuchithwa kwayo.
Ngaphandle kwemidla esisandula ukuyikhankanya, kufuneka kwakhona uhlawule iikomishini ezinxulumene neeakhawunti zetyala, kunye nezi zinokuba phezulu kakhulu. Ngesiqhelo, iibhanki zibiza oku kulandelayo:
- Ikhomishini yokuvula: Ngokubanzi, ikhomishini yokuvula ngokuqhelekileyo iphakathi kwe-0,25% kunye ne-2% yomda ophezulu ovunyelweneyo nebhanki.
- IKhomishini yokufumaneka: Le yipesenti esetyenziswa kwimali enokuchithwa xa ilixesha lokuhlawula inzala. Ngamanye amazwi: Yimali ehlawuliswa yibhanki ngokunika ububodwa bosetyenziso lwesixa esiceliweyo. Ngelo xesha, loo mali ayinakusetyenziswa nguye nabani na. Ngokubanzi, le khomishini ingaphantsi kwe-0,1%.
- Ikhomishini yebhalansi engaphezulu: Ayizizo zonke iibhanki ezihlawulisa le mali, kodwa ezinye ziyayenza. Kukulungele ukuba uzazise kwangaphambili kwaye ufunde zonke iimeko kakuhle.
Isetyenziselwa ntoni iakhawunti yetyala?
Njengoko sele sikhankanyile ngaphambili, i-akhawunti yekhredithi iluncedo kakhulu kubantu abazisebenzelayo kunye neenkampani ukuba zibe nemali xa zijongene neendleko ezingalindelekanga okanye iindleko zokuqala, oko kukuthi, iindleko abanazo ngaphambi kokufumana umvuzo. Ukusebenza kolu hlobo lwe-akhawunti kulula kakhulu: Ibhanki inika imali ekuvunyelwene ngayo kumxhasi, odla ngokuziqesha okanye iinkampani. Ngokucacileyo, umxhasi kufuneka abuyise loo mali ngexesha elibekiweyo. Ngesiqhelo, ixesha lihlala liphakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu kunye nonyaka omnye.
Ukucinga ngako, i-akhawunti yekhredithi ifana ne-akhawunti yokutshekisha, nje ukuba ibhalansi yayo ihlala ilungile. Njengakwiakhawunti yangoku, kananjalo ngekhadi letyala ungenza ingeniso okanye iirisithi, wenze utshintshelo, kunye neminye imisebenzi rhoqo.
Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga
Okulandelayo siza kuthetha ngesihloko esiphambili se-akhawunti yekhredithi: Izibonelelo zayo kunye nokungalunganga. Kunjalo eyona nto iphambili ekuthandeni kwayo kukuba inkampani inokuba nemali yokuhlawula iindleko ezingxamisekileyo nezingalindelekanga, njengoko inokuba umzekelo uhlaziyo. Kodwa ngaphandle kolu ncedo lukhulu, kukho ezinye ekufuneka siziqaqambise:
- Ukuguquguquka okukhulu malunga nomdla kunye nemiqathango yokuhlawula.
- Ubuncinci bengozi yokungahlawulwa kwabasebenzi.
- Kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlawule ababoneleli kwaye uphephe amatyala.
- Ukusebenza okusisiseko: Kubonakala ngathi yi-akhawunti yokujonga. Ngolu hlobo lweakhawunti unokulawula iindleko zemihla ngemihla zenkampani.
Nangona kunjalo, i-akhawunti yekhredithi kananjalo inenani leentsilelo Yintoni ekufuneka siyithathele ingqalelo:
- Kunzima kakhulu ukuvula olu hlobo lwe-akhawunti kune-akhawunti yokutshekisha, umzekelo.
- Kufuneka ubonakalise ukuba unayo i-solvency yezemali phezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuhlawula iindleko. Ngesi sizathu, iinkampani okanye iinkampani ezisandula ukudalwa ebezinamanani angalunganga iminyaka emininzi kunzima ukufumana iakhawunti yetyala.
- Olu hlobo lweakhawunti Ayiboniswanga kwabo bantu banombono omfutshane (Akumele sikhohlwe ukuba bahlawulisa ikhomishini yokufumaneka, oko kukuthi, bahlawula kuphela ngenxa yokuba loo mali ifumaneka kuloo mntu othile).
Uthini umahluko phakathi kwetyala kunye nemali-mboleko?
Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba abantu abaninzi bacinge ukuba imali-mboleko kunye nemali-mboleko ziyafana, kodwa oku akunjalo ngokwenene. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi ngcamango zimbini yindawo ekusingwa kuyo imali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imali efunyenwe ngemali-mboleko isetyenziselwa ukuthenga izinto zexabiso, njengendlu okanye imoto, ngoxa iakhawunti yetyala isetyenziselwa ukuhlawula iindleko eziqhelekileyo zenkampani. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba imali ifunyanwa ngexesha elinye ukuba imali-mboleko iceliwe. Kwelinye icala, kwiakhawunti yetyala akufuneki sifumane yonke into ngaxeshanye.
Njengoko ubona, iakhawunti yetyala lukhetho olulungileyo kwiinkampani kunye nabasebenza ngokuzimeleyo. Ngoko ukuba sicinga ukuseka inkampani, kuyafaneleka ukucela ulwazi malunga neemeko zolu hlobo lwe-akhawunti kwiibhanki ezahlukeneyo.