Into entsha edweliswe ziinkampani kwiimalike zezabelo zamashishini abonisa ukuba bangene kwimarike evelayo yeemoto zombane. Into enokubanika ixabiso elongeziweyo kuqikelelo lwamaxabiso abo, nangona ngaphezulu kwixesha eliphakathi nelide kwaye nangaphezulu kunexesha elifutshane. Ezinye zeenkampani ezigqibe ekubeni zenze umtsi wokujikela kwiimoto eziluhlaza Endesa kunye noIberdrola, nangona bengekasifaki esi sicwangciso kwimigca yeshishini labo. Ngayiphi na imeko, iya kuba yinto ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kule minyaka izayo.
Iimoto zombane zibeka iimodeli zazo kwizitrato zaseSpain kancinci kancinci ngaphandle kwempumelelo enkulu. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba sele ingaphezulu okanye ingaqhelekanga dibana nesithuthi kwezi mpawu zikhethekileyo kwizixeko eziphambili zelizwe lethu. Ngale ndlela, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba iimoto zombane sele ziyinyani ekufuneka zibaliwe kuhambo lwethu esixekweni. Ukongeza ekunikezeleni ngoncedo olusebenzayo lokulwa ungcoliseko kwiplanethi ngokungabi zithuthi ezinoburharha.
Ngeli xesha, ubhaliso lwe izithuthi izithuthi zombane (iimoto, ii-quadricycle, izithuthi zorhwebo kunye nezamashishini kunye neebhasi) eSpain ziye zafikelela kumthamo ongaphezulu Iiyunithi ezili-1.000 XNUMX ngoJulayi, ngokweenkcukacha ezibonelelwe nguMbutho waseSpain weZithuthi kunye nabaThengisi beTraki. Ekubonisweni kwayo apho kukho ukonyuka kwezi ndlela zabucala zothutho zingaphezulu nje kwe-50% xa kuthelekiswa nelo xesha linye kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Phakathi kukaJanuwari noJulayi walo nyaka, imakethi yaseSpain yezithuthi ezihlanganisiweyo yayimi kwiiyunithi ezingama-45.395,
Iinkampani zamandla ezixineneyo
Enye yeenkampani zokugqibela ezihambelana nale nkqubo yokuqhuba yi-Endesa, ethe yagqiba kwelokuba ibhejhe ngamandla kwiimoto zombane njengefomula yokwandisa uluhlu lweshishini lwayo kwicandelo. Kuyo yonke iSpain, abasebenzi abangama-274 e-Endesa bajoyine Isicwangciso sokuhamba, emele malunga neepesenti ezisixhenxe zentengiso yentengiso yelizwe iphela yeemoto ezihamba abantu ngombane. Kwelinye icala, izithuthi ezikolu hlobo lwezithuthi ezizodwa kulindeleke ukuba zibonise ukukhula okukhulu kunyaka olandelayo. Into enokuchaphazela iinzuzo zenkampani.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba into oyifunayo kukwenza uninzi lwenkqubo ukuba iinkampani zombane zihamba, kuya kuba yinto encinci ukuba ibe yinyani. Ayothusi into yokuba, ezi meko zibizwa ngokuba ziimoto eziphilayo zincinci kakhulu iiakhawunti zeshishini kwezi zidwelisiweyo. Awunakukhetha ngaphandle kokulinda, ubuncinci iminyaka embalwa, ukuze amaxabiso abo abonakalise le meko iqala ukuseta. Ukuba unedosi elungileyo yokunyamezela ukusukela ngoku, ungawufumana umvuzo wakho kwiminyaka emihlanu, emithandathu okanye esixhenxe ukuba ukhetha la maxabiso ukwenza iphothifoliyo yakho elandelayo yotyalo-mali.
Iimoto zombane zibiza kakhulu
U-Endesa uyavuma ukuba "ukufumana imoto yombane kuyabiza kakhulu kunokuthenga imoto enokutsha, kwaye ngakumbi ukuba baxhotyiswe ngebhetri ye-lithium eyenziwe ngesandla". Kodwa kwangaxeshanye bayaqonda ukuba isithuthi sombane senza ukonga okubonakalayo kwixesha eliphakathi nelide, kuba ukongeza kulondolozo lwamafutha, iindleko zolondolozo kuncinci kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba akukho oyile okanye izinto zokuthambisa, Ukuqhekeka kwe-brake kusezantsi kwaye okokugqibela akukho zixhobo zoomatshini. Ngaloo nto, umphumo kwiipokethi zabaqhubi ngokukhawuleza.
Ngale ndlela, ukonga amandla kunokuthetha ukuba umndilili we 1,5 i-euro ngeekhilomitha ezili-100 Ukutshaja kwakhona ebusuku kunye nokusetyenziswa komndilili we-15 kWh ngeekhilomitha ezili-100 njengenyathelo lesalathiso. Kwelinye icala, ayinakulityalwa ukuba kukho indleko kwiindleko njengesiphumo sokukhutshwa kwe-CO2 emoyeni. Ngelixa abaqhubi beli klasi lezithuthi ngoku baneefomathi ezahlukeneyo zoncedo loluntu kunye neenkxaso ezibandakanyiweyo kwizicwangciso zokukhuthaza ukuhamba okuzinzileyo.
Iindawo zokutshaja ezingama-200 zifakiwe
Enye inkampani enkulu yombane, uIberdrola, nayo ikwahamba kwale nkqubo inye yeshishini. Apho iqela leshishini lithathe isigqibo sokubheja kwi ukuhamba okuzinzileyo ngesithuthi sezi mpawu. Elinye lamagalelo amakhulu kule modeli yokuqhuba kukuba ivumela ukucuthwa kwemiqobo yezoqoqosho kunye nolawulo. Kwingxelo uxela ukuba "umgaqo osekwe kumgaqo" womngcoli uyahlawula "kunye nokuququzelela ukufakwa kweendawo zokubiza kubalulekile".
Ukuhlangabezana nezi njongo, ikwazile ukufaka inethiwekhi kulo lonke elaseSpain elinendawo zokutshaja ezingama-200 zeemoto zombane, ezaziwa ngetshaja zombane. Ezi zihlanganisi zisasazwa koohola bendlela nakwiindlela eziphambili zelizwe kwinkqubo enamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuphunyezwa kwayo kwaye umgaqo-siseko uza kuphela kwiinyanga zokugqibela zika-2019. Elinye lawona manqaku achaphazelekayo kule nkqubo yokutshaja intsha kukuba iya kwahlulwa ngeendlela ezintathu ngokubhekisele ekusetyenzisweni kwayo: ngokukhawuleza, ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-ultrafast. Ngqikelelo lwexesha kubo oluya kuthi lucuthe phakathi kwemizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30.
Indlela ukulayisha?
Enye into ekufuneka abaqhubi abakolu didi lwezithuthi bayithathele ingqalelo ukusukela ngoku iya kuba kukusebenza kokutshaja kwakhona kwinethiwekhi yombane. Ewe, abasebenzisi baya kuba nakho ukugcwalisa kwakhona kula maziko onikezelo lombane, kodwa bakwenze ukubekwa komhlaba, ukugcina kunye nokuhlawula ngeefowuni eziphathwayo. Ngokwimithombo evela kwiinkampani ezikwicandelo lombane, umthwalo ophakathi uzakuba phakathi Iiyure ezine nesihlanu qho kwiikhilomitha ezili-100. Nangona eminye imithombo iqikelela ukuba inokuhla kwiminyaka ezayo ngenxa yokwamkelwa kwayo okukhulu phakathi kwabaqhubi baseSpain.
Kwelinye icala, ayilibale ukuba uqikelelo lwezi nkampani kukuba kwixesha elizayo kuya kubakho ubuncinci inqaku elinye kwiikhilomitha ezili-100. Ukuba kunjalo, kuya kuthetha ngokwenza phinda kabini inethiwekhi yangokuNangona kuhlala kubonakala ukuba le meko iya kuzalisekiswa kwiminyaka ezayo. Kungenxa yokuba ukumiliselwa kwawo kwilizwe lethu akukacaci, ngokuchasene noko kwenzekayo kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, ngakumbi lawo abekwe kumantla elizwekazi elidala.
Ujongene nokunyuka kwexabiso leoyile
Kukho umahluko ohlukeneyo ngokubhekisele kwiimoto ezinenjini yokutsha. Eyona ikhethekileyo yile inento yokwenza nokunyuka kwexabiso legolide elimnyama. Ngeli xesha, ufikelele kwibar ye $ 80 umphanda. Ngokulindelwe ukuba ingaqhubeka inyuke, ubuncinci kwixesha elifutshane neliphakathi. Ngale ndlela, iingqikelelo ze-Arhente yaMandla yaMazwe ngaMazwe (i-IEA) zizalisekisiwe ngokulingeneyo, ukuqikelela ukuba kwi-2020 amaxabiso aya kunyuka aye kwi-80 yeedola umphanda weoyile ekrwada.
Ixabiso eliphakathi lepetroli eSpain lisondele kakhulu 1,30 euro nganye ilitha. Ngale meko, ayothusi into yokuba kuya kuba luncedo ngakumbi ukuthenga imoto yombane kwezinye iindawo kunakwezinye. Apho, ezinye iingxelo zecandelo zicacisa ukuba ukonga iimoto zombane kunokufikelela phantse kwi-9,5 ye-euro ngeekhilomitha ezili-100. Ngenxa yezi zibalo, kusetyenziso olumndilili lwe-13 kW ngeyure kuhambo lweekhilomitha ezili-100, oko kuya kuthetha ukuba indleko eqikelelweyo kufutshane kakhulu nee-euro ezingama-2, xa kuthelekiswa nobuncinci be-euro ezingama-6 ezibonelelwe zezi moto ezizodwa Uluhlu.
Izaphulelo ekuthengeni
Olunye uncedo olubonelelwa ziimoto zombane ziindleko eziphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi ezinokutsha. Le nyaniso ifunyenwe kuba icandelo elilungileyo loomasipala baseSpain bacinga uthotho lweenkuthazo okanye iibhonasi zokufunyanwa kwazo. Kwezinye iimeko nge ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-75 kwiirhafu zakho. Ngelixa kwelinye icala, kukho ezinye izibonelelo ezongezelelekileyo, ezinje ngokuxolelwa ngokupheleleyo kubhaliso. Ngokubhekisele kwiVAT, iyafana ngokupheleleyo nezona zithuthi ziqhelekileyo. Iya kuthi ke, ibe sisigqibo ekufuneka usenzile ngokusekwe kwezinye zezi zinto zixabisekileyo.
Elinye icandelo eliza kuvavanywa lelo livela kwiipaki zeemoto ezibonakala kolu didi lweemoto. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba bandile ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya kumaziko asezidolophini, kwiivenkile ezinkulu kunye nakwiindawo zabakhenkethi. Kwaye okubaluleke ngakumbi, kwinqanaba lokwandisa kule minyaka imbalwa izayo.
Okokugqibela, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba zininzi iindawo zokutshaja kwakhona kwiindlela eziphambili ukuze abaqhubi bakwazi ukwenza le nkqubo ibe yeyononophelo ngakumbi. Nangona eli candelo lisekwisigaba sokwandiswa, ubuncinci kwilizwe lethu. Kwakhona amanye amaziko okutshaja asimahla kubo bonke abasebenzisi kwaye athe alihlaziya eli candelo. Kwaye okubaluleke ngakumbi, kwinqanaba lokwandisa kule minyaka imbalwa izayo.